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EXERCISE AND SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY CARINA C. GOMEZ, M.D.
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY ,[object Object]
Muscular Contraction ,[object Object]
Two Types of Muscular Contraction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Muscles in Exercise ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Male versus Female athlete ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TESTOSTERONE ESTROGEN ANABOLIC EFFECT ANABOLIC EFFECT    PROTEIN DEPOSITION    FAT DEPOSITION    MUSCLE MASS    BODY FAT CONTENT    MUSCLE STRENGTH  AGGRESIVENESS    MUSCLE STRENGTH MILD TEMPERAMENT
 
 
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Metabolic Changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Phosphagen System (8-10 sec) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],7300 calories 7300 calories
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],10,300 calories
Glycogen-Lactic Acid System  (1.3 to 1.6 minutes) GLYCOGEN GLUCOSE ATP + PYRUVIC ACID ATP + LACTIC ACID KREB CYCLE ATP O 2 FATIGUE
Aerobic System ( Unlimited--nutrient) CARBOHYDRATES (glucose) PROTEINS (amino acid) FATS (fatty acid) OXYGEN ATP + CO 2  + H 2 O
Maximal rates of power generation (moles of ATP/min) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Comparison for endurance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Energy Systems Used in Various Sports ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Recovery of Muscle Metabolic System After Exercise ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Percent carbohydrate usage 0 25 50 75 100 100 75 50 25 0 0  10  20  40  2  4   1  2  3  4  High carbohydrate diet Mixed diet High-fat diet seconds minutes hours Duration of exercise Percent fat usage
STORED OXYGEN  (2 L) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Two Types of Muscle Fiber ,[object Object],[object Object]
Slow Twitch  Fast Twitch Synonyms Type I / Oxidative Type II / Glycolytic Red Muscle White Muscle Velocity of Shortening Slow / low Fast / high Diameter Small Large Source of energy Oxidative system Phosphagen/Glycolytic System Myoglobin Abundant Few Mitochondria Abundant Few Capillary density greater Few Resistance to fatigue Resistant Prone Function Provide endurance delivers power surge for few  seconds to a minute
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
0 2 4 6 8 10 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Resistive training No load training Weeks of training Percent increase in strength
Respiratory Changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
0 1 2 3 4 5 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 O 2  Consumption (L/min) Total Ventilation  (L/min) Moderate exercise Severe exercise
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Provides an element of safety for athletes Exercise at high altitude Exercise under very hot environment Abnormalities in the respiratory system
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cardiovascular Changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Causes of increased blood flow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
> 10% of maximal tension - compresses blood vessels - decreases blood flow > 70% of maximal tension - blood flow completely stopped Blood flow occurs in between contractions
CO  X  TPR SV  X  HR F  =  P /   R EDV  -  ESV
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
   CO  X   TPR  SV  X    HR  F  =     P  /   R EDV  -    ESV
Endocrine Changes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thermal Changes ,[object Object]
BLOOD FLOW TO THE SKIN FROM THE DEEP TISSUES PROVIDES HEAT TRANSFER Rate of blood flow (0 – 30% of CO
 
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Sports Physiology

  • 1. EXERCISE AND SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY CARINA C. GOMEZ, M.D.
  • 2.
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  • 9. TESTOSTERONE ESTROGEN ANABOLIC EFFECT ANABOLIC EFFECT  PROTEIN DEPOSITION  FAT DEPOSITION  MUSCLE MASS  BODY FAT CONTENT  MUSCLE STRENGTH AGGRESIVENESS  MUSCLE STRENGTH MILD TEMPERAMENT
  • 10.  
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  • 17. Glycogen-Lactic Acid System (1.3 to 1.6 minutes) GLYCOGEN GLUCOSE ATP + PYRUVIC ACID ATP + LACTIC ACID KREB CYCLE ATP O 2 FATIGUE
  • 18. Aerobic System ( Unlimited--nutrient) CARBOHYDRATES (glucose) PROTEINS (amino acid) FATS (fatty acid) OXYGEN ATP + CO 2 + H 2 O
  • 19.
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  • 27.
  • 28. Percent carbohydrate usage 0 25 50 75 100 100 75 50 25 0 0 10 20 40 2 4 1 2 3 4 High carbohydrate diet Mixed diet High-fat diet seconds minutes hours Duration of exercise Percent fat usage
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31. Slow Twitch Fast Twitch Synonyms Type I / Oxidative Type II / Glycolytic Red Muscle White Muscle Velocity of Shortening Slow / low Fast / high Diameter Small Large Source of energy Oxidative system Phosphagen/Glycolytic System Myoglobin Abundant Few Mitochondria Abundant Few Capillary density greater Few Resistance to fatigue Resistant Prone Function Provide endurance delivers power surge for few seconds to a minute
  • 32.
  • 33. 0 2 4 6 8 10 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Resistive training No load training Weeks of training Percent increase in strength
  • 34.
  • 35. 0 1 2 3 4 5 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 O 2 Consumption (L/min) Total Ventilation (L/min) Moderate exercise Severe exercise
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40. > 10% of maximal tension - compresses blood vessels - decreases blood flow > 70% of maximal tension - blood flow completely stopped Blood flow occurs in between contractions
  • 41. CO X TPR SV X HR F = P /  R EDV - ESV
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.  
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47. CO X  TPR  SV X  HR  F =  P /  R EDV -  ESV
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50. BLOOD FLOW TO THE SKIN FROM THE DEEP TISSUES PROVIDES HEAT TRANSFER Rate of blood flow (0 – 30% of CO
  • 51.  
  • 52. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING