This document discusses the three main types of skeletal muscle fibers:
1) Slow oxidative fibers (SO) are dark red, contain many mitochondria and blood vessels, generate ATP through aerobic respiration, and contract slowly but resist fatigue well. They are suited for endurance activities like marathon running.
2) Fast oxidative-glycolytic fibers (FOG) are also dark red but generate ATP through both aerobic respiration and anaerobic glycolysis. They contract faster than SO fibers but more slowly than FG fibers. They are suited for activities like walking and sprinting.
3) Fast glycolytic fibers (FG) are white, rely primarily on anaerobic glycolysis to generate
it is very useful content for the basic knowledge of motor units .
Dedicated to my father shri satyaveer singh , my mother bateri devi and the entire lnipe family .
Cardio and muscle endurance
Aerobic exercise (also known as cardio) is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process. Aerobic literally means "relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen", and refers to the use of oxygen to adequately meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism. Generally, light-to-moderate intensity activities that are sufficiently supported by aerobic metabolism can be performed for extended periods of time
it is very useful content for the basic knowledge of motor units .
Dedicated to my father shri satyaveer singh , my mother bateri devi and the entire lnipe family .
Cardio and muscle endurance
Aerobic exercise (also known as cardio) is physical exercise of low to high intensity that depends primarily on the aerobic energy-generating process. Aerobic literally means "relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen", and refers to the use of oxygen to adequately meet energy demands during exercise via aerobic metabolism. Generally, light-to-moderate intensity activities that are sufficiently supported by aerobic metabolism can be performed for extended periods of time
2nd and 3rd September 2011,a General Lecture Theatre, Dr Chirantan Mandal, Dr Avik Basu, Dr Dipayan Sen Dr Ushnish Adhikari,Dr Srimanti Bhattacharya, Dr Shubham Presided by Dr Arnab Sengupta (Physiology Dept Medical College Kolkata)
Dear all,
This ppt includes the acute and chronic effect of exercise on different body system which includes musculoskeletal systems, cardiovascular systems, respiratory system, endocrive system, psychological effects etc. I hope this is helpful for you.
Thank you
Introduction , Muscle and Postural tone,Aim,Types :General and Local Relaxation,Additional methods of relaxation :Consciousness of breathing,PRE,Contrast method, Reciprocal method,passive movement and pendular swinging.
This Presentation is about Mitchell relaxation technique also known a physiological relaxation technique Mitchell’s physiological relaxation technique is based on reciprocal inhibition and involves diaphragmatic breathing and a series of ordered isotonic contractions.
Skeletal muscle is one of the three significant muscle tissues in the human body. Each skeletal muscle consists of thousands of muscle fibers wrapped together by connective tissue sheaths. The individual bundles of muscle fibers in a skeletal muscle are known as fasciculi.
2nd and 3rd September 2011,a General Lecture Theatre, Dr Chirantan Mandal, Dr Avik Basu, Dr Dipayan Sen Dr Ushnish Adhikari,Dr Srimanti Bhattacharya, Dr Shubham Presided by Dr Arnab Sengupta (Physiology Dept Medical College Kolkata)
Dear all,
This ppt includes the acute and chronic effect of exercise on different body system which includes musculoskeletal systems, cardiovascular systems, respiratory system, endocrive system, psychological effects etc. I hope this is helpful for you.
Thank you
Introduction , Muscle and Postural tone,Aim,Types :General and Local Relaxation,Additional methods of relaxation :Consciousness of breathing,PRE,Contrast method, Reciprocal method,passive movement and pendular swinging.
This Presentation is about Mitchell relaxation technique also known a physiological relaxation technique Mitchell’s physiological relaxation technique is based on reciprocal inhibition and involves diaphragmatic breathing and a series of ordered isotonic contractions.
Skeletal muscle is one of the three significant muscle tissues in the human body. Each skeletal muscle consists of thousands of muscle fibers wrapped together by connective tissue sheaths. The individual bundles of muscle fibers in a skeletal muscle are known as fasciculi.
Muscle is one of the four primary tissue types of the body, and the body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle.
Human movement is dependent upon the integrated activity of many different systems, however, the driving force behind this is the muscular system.
Within the muscular system muscles work to create forces across joints and cause movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2. Skeletal muscle fibers are not all alike in
composition and function. For example, muscle
fibers vary in their content of myoglobin.
Myoglobin - the red-colored protein
that binds oxygen in musclefibers.
3. Skeletal muscle fibers that have a high
myoglobin content are termed red muscle fibers
and appear darker (the dark meat in chicken legs
and thighs); those that have a low content of
myoglobin are called white muscle fibers and
appear lighter (the white meat in chicken breasts).
4. Red muscle fibers
also contain more mitochondria and are
supplied by more blood capillaries.
5. Skeletal muscle fibers also contract and relax
at different speeds, and vary in which metabolic
reactions they use to generate ATP and in how
quickly they fatigue. For example, a fiber is
categorized as either slow or fast depending on
how rapidly the ATPase in its myosin heads
hydrolyzes ATP.
6. Based on all these structural and
functional characteristics, skeletal muscle
fibers are classified into three main types:
(1) slow oxidative fibers (SO), (2) fast
oxidative–glycolytic fibers (FOG), and (3)
fast glycolytic fibers (FG).
7.
8. Slow Oxidative Fibers
(Type I Fibers) (Slow-Twitch
Fibers)
Slow oxidative (SO) fibers appear dark red
because they contain large amounts of myoglobin
and many blood capillaries. Because they have
many large mitochondria, SO fibers generate ATP
mainly by aerobic respiration, which is why they
are called oxidative fibers.
9. Aerobic Respiration is the process of
producing cellular energy involving
oxygen. Cells break down food in the
mitochondria in a long, multi-step
process that produces ATP.
10. These fibers are said to be “slow” because the
ATPase in the myosin heads hydrolyzes ATP
relatively slowly and the contraction cycle proceeds
at a slower pace than in “fast” fibers. As a result, SO
fibers have a slow speed of contraction. Their twitch
contractions last from 100 to 200 msec, and they
take longer to reach peak tension.
11. However, slow fibers are very resistant to
fatigue and are capable of prolonged, sustained
contractions for many hours. These slow-twitch,
fatigue-resistant fibers are adapted for maintaining
posture and for aerobic, endurance-type activities
such as running a marathon.
12.
13. Fast Oxidative - Glycolytic Fibers
(Type IIa Fibers)
Fast oxidative - glycolytic (FOG) fibers are
typically the largest fibers. Like slow oxidative fibers,
they contain large amounts of myoglobin and many
blood capillaries. Thus, they also have a dark red
appearance. FOG fibers can generate considerable
ATP by aerobic respiration, which gives them a
moderately high resistance to fatigue.
14. Because their intracellular glycogen level is high,
they also generate ATP by anaerobic glycolysis.
FOG fibers are “fast” because the ATPase in their
myosin heads hydrolyzes ATP three to five times
faster than the myosin ATPase in SO fibers, which
makes their speed of contraction faster.
15. Thus, twitches of FOG fibers reach
peak tension more quickly than those of
SO fibers but are briefer in duration-less
than 100 msec. FOG fibers contribute to
activities such as walking and sprinting.
