Doping refers to the use of banned substances to improve athletic performance. Steroids are commonly used to build muscle and increase strength but can have significant health risks like heart disease. There are two types of doping - performance enhancing substances like steroids, stimulants, and blood doping, and physical methods like blood doping and gene doping. Doping aims to increase endurance, strength, and recovery time but can have negative effects like high blood pressure, heart attacks, and stress on the heart. World Anti-Doping Agency and National Anti-Doping Agency work to prevent doping through testing and enforcing anti-doping rules. Famous athletes caught doping include Diego Maradona and Prithvi

1. DOPING
PRESENTATION BY:

2. WHAT IS DOPING ?
• Doping” refers to the use of banned substances in competitive sports. Performance enhancing
drugs (PEDs) is another term used to for drugs used by athletes to improve their athletic
performance.
• Steroids are commonly abused by human athletes to build muscle and improve strength.
The drugs are also used in livestock to augment muscle mass, and they are sometimes given
to racehorses to increase stamina and heighten performance. The use of anabolic steroids is
either forbidden or closely controlled in most human and some equine sports.
• Abuse of steroids, however, can result in significant harm to the
body. In humans, abuse can lead to coronary heart disease,
sexual and reproductive disorders, immunodeficiencies, liver
damage, stunted growth, aggressive behaviour, susceptibility
to connective tissue injury, and (in females) irreversible
masculinization.

3. CLASSIFICATION OF DOPING
 There are two types of doping:
1. Performance enhancing substance:
•Stimulants:- Stimulants are a class of drugs that speed up messages travelling between the brain
and body. They can make a person feel more awake, alert, confident or energetic.
•Anabolic Steroids:- Anabolic steroids stimulate muscle tissue to grow and "bulk up" in response to
training by mimicking the effect of naturally produced testosterone on the body
•Peptide hormones:- Peptides stimulate the release of human growth hormone, which has an
important role in muscle and bone growth.
•Beta-2 Agonist:- Athletes use them as an alternative to anabolic.
•Narcotics:- Drug that produces analgesia (pain relief), narcosis
(state of stupor or sleep), and addiction (physical dependence on
the drug).

4. CLASSIFICATION OF DOPING
• Diuretics:- They can cause rapid weight loss and can act as masking agents (to hide the effects of
other prohibited substances) both in and out of competition.
2. Physical methods:
• Blood doping and Gene doping comes under physical method
a)Blood Doping:- It is the process of increasing the Red blood cells by blood transfusion. Blood
doping increases hemoglobin allows higher amount of 𝑜2 to fuel an athlete’s muscles. This can
improve stamina and performance, particularly in long distance events.
b)Gene doping:- It is the non-therapeutic use of cells, genes, genetic
elements or of the modulation of gene expression, having the capacity
to improve athletic performance. Increasing muscle growth, blood
production, endurance, and pan-resistance. In such cases, nothing
unusual would enter the bloodstream

5. POSITIVE EFFECT OF DOPING
• The purpose of taking doping drugs is to increase an athlete's performance in her or his sport.
There are a number of benefits as a result of taking doping drugs. This is why there is a high
demand for these drugs in the sporting world today. Here is a list of the benefits athletes can
receive if he or she decides to dope in sports. Underneath the benefit is the doping drug that is
used to help the athlete.
• An athletes endurance is much better and will last much longer.
• An athlete can become much quicker and faster.
• An athlete can become much stronger and much more explosive.
• An athletes recovery time can be much quicker and more effective.

6. NEGATIVE EFFECT OF DOPING
• Taking Doping drugs can have terrible effects on your body. The well known doping drug,
steroids has a number of negative effects to the body. Steroids interrupt the normal development
of hormones throughout your body. When this happens your body experiences changes that can
not be irreversible.
• The risk of high blood pressure is higher. Also the risk of heart attacks is very high. If a person
takes a large amount of steroids it increases irritability and aggression.
• The doping drug, blood doping, causes much stress on the heart. The reason for this is that your
red blood count increases which causes the blood in your blood stream to be thick. The human
heart is not used to pumping such thick blood. Which leads to different
kinds of heart diseases.
• The doping drug creatine is a fairly new product. The long term effects
have not been able to be tested yet. The known effects of creatine is
that it can cause cramping, diarrhea, increased urination, and
dehydration. If you over dose and take a large amount of creatine
the same effects of drinking sea water

7. ANTI-DOPING
• Opposing or prohibiting illegal doping (such as blood doping or the use of anabolic steroids or
growth hormones) to improve athletic performance.
• There are two organization for preventing doping:-
1. WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency):-
 The World Anti-Doping Agency is a foundation initiated by the International Olympic
Committee based in Canada to promote, coordinate, and monitor the fight against drugs in
sports.
 The highest decision-making authority in WADA is the 38-member foundation board, which is
comprised equally of IOC representatives and representatives of national governments. The
Foundation Board appoints the agency's president.
 WADA is an international organization. It delegates work in individual countries to Regional
and National Anti-Doping Organizations (RADOs and NADOs) and mandates that these
organizations are compliant with the World Anti-Doping Code.

8. ANTI-DOPING
2. NADA (National Anti-Doping Agency)
 The National Anti-Doping Agency(NADA) is the national organization responsible for
promoting, coordinating, and monitoring the doping control program in sports in all its forms
in the country. NADA works towards a vision of ’dope free’ sport in India.
 Adopting and implementing anti-doping rules and policies which conform with the World Anti-
Doping Code, cooperating with other sports related organizations and other anti-doping
organizations, encouraging reciprocal testing between National Anti-Doping Organizations, and
promoting anti-doping research & education.

9. SPORTSPERSONS WHO HAVE DONE DOPING
1. Diego Maradona (Footballer) 2. Prithvi Shaw (Cricketer)

10. THANK YOU