LHD is an enzyme which is width sprid through the body tissue has an important role in the conversion of pyrovate into lactate within the tissue when ever there is hypoxia in the body
Test for pancreatic and intestinal functions are very important for clinical evaluation gastro intestinal disorders . So it will e useful for medical and allied professional students and practitioners.
LHD is an enzyme which is width sprid through the body tissue has an important role in the conversion of pyrovate into lactate within the tissue when ever there is hypoxia in the body
Test for pancreatic and intestinal functions are very important for clinical evaluation gastro intestinal disorders . So it will e useful for medical and allied professional students and practitioners.
ALT is an enzyme present in liver, heart skeletal muscles, highest concentration is present in Liver. it value increases when there is abnormality in liver, ALT is an amino transferase which transfer one amino group from an amino acid and transfer to another substance for production of non essential amino acid
Lipids are fatty substances that play an important role in a number of body functions. Apart from being structural components of the cells, Lipids also act as a source and mode of storage of energy for the body. The Lipid Profile Test measures the levels of specific types of lipids in the blood.
For more details, visit:
https://www.1mg.com/labs/test/lipid-profile-1909
Basics of hyperlipoproreinemia in an easy and understandable way.gives a brief picture of the disease , it's cauusitive agents and clinical sequelae following it.
ALT is an enzyme present in liver, heart skeletal muscles, highest concentration is present in Liver. it value increases when there is abnormality in liver, ALT is an amino transferase which transfer one amino group from an amino acid and transfer to another substance for production of non essential amino acid
Lipids are fatty substances that play an important role in a number of body functions. Apart from being structural components of the cells, Lipids also act as a source and mode of storage of energy for the body. The Lipid Profile Test measures the levels of specific types of lipids in the blood.
For more details, visit:
https://www.1mg.com/labs/test/lipid-profile-1909
Basics of hyperlipoproreinemia in an easy and understandable way.gives a brief picture of the disease , it's cauusitive agents and clinical sequelae following it.
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ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
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LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to CareVITASAuthor
This webinar helps clinicians understand the unique healthcare needs of the LGBTQ+ community, primarily in relation to end-of-life care. Topics include social and cultural background and challenges, healthcare disparities, advanced care planning, and strategies for reaching the community and improving quality of care.
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Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
2. • Introduction
• Isomers of creatine kinase
• Location of Enzyme
• Normal value
• When CK level is high in blood
• When CK level is low in blood
• Diagnostic importance of Creatine
phosphokinase
3. Introduction
• Enzyme catalysing Creatine and ATP to
Phosphocreatine (PCr) and ADP
• Action – This enzyme is associated with the
regeneration and storage of high energy phosphate
(ATP).
• It catalyzes the following reversible reaction in the
body.
4. Enzyme unstable in serum
Activity lost due to sulfhydryl group
oxidation at active site.
Its molecular weight is approximately
82,000
Dimer (each of 41000 Da)
B (brain) – chromosome 14
M (muscle) –chromosome 19
Creatine Kinase
5. skeletal muscle
heart muscle
brain tissue.
Highest activities are found in
Smaller quantities are found in
kidney
the bladder
prostate
gastrointestinal tract
liver
pancreas
spleen
uterus
placenta
thyroid
lung
6. Indicators of Cardiac Injury
Creatine kinase (CK)
• creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
• catalyze transfer of a PO4 group between creatine
PO4 & ADP to form creatine + ATP
• requires magnesium as cofactor
• dimeric with pair of two different monomers M & B
• 3 isozymes: CK1 (BB), CK2 (MB), CK3 (MM)
• M and B subunits antigenically distinct proteins
encoded by different genes
7. • primary tissue sources:
1. Brain, smooth muscle, prostate, thyroid, gut,
lung CK-BB
2. Cardiac muscle – MB (20-30%) & MM (70-
80%)
3. Skeletal muscle – MB (1-2%) & MM (98-99%)
• relatively small molecular size allows leakage
out of ischemic muscle or brain cells
Creatine kinase (CK)
8. • reference ranges in serum affected by:
1. Amount of lean muscle mass
Thin, sedentary = 30 – 50 U/L
Muscular, exercising regularly = 500 – 1000 U/L
2. Age – in neonates, CK-MB 5-10% of total CK
3. Gender
4. Race – Africans 30% higher than Europeans
5. Muscle activity – direct relationship between
intensity of exercise and CK level
Creatine kinase (CK)
9. • persons exercising periodically & at usual
intensity levels with lower CK than those who do
not exercise at all
• decrease with severe inactivity
• short-term strenuous exercise 10-100 fold
increase
• marathon runners up to 2000 U/L as resting
value
Creatine kinase (CK)
10. CK-MM, which is found in your skeletal muscle and heart.
CK-MB, which is found in the heart and rises when heart
muscle is damaged.
CK-BB, which is found mostly in your brain
The three types of CK are called isoenzymes.
11.
12. • released from damaged muscles: CK, AST, LD,
myoglobin
Myoglobin >> CK >> AST and LD
• released during ischemia, injury or inflammation
• also increased in:
1. Chronic myopathies
2. Chronic renal failure
3. Acute respiratory exertion – respiratory muscles
with more CK than other muscles
Diagnostic Applications
CM-MM
13. • Brain trauma or brain surgery
1. Injury to smooth muscles (e.g. intestinal
ischemia)
2. Transient increase after cardiac arrest
reflect cerebral ischemia
CK-BB
Diagnostic Applications
14. • primary clinical use: detection of acute MI
Following MI:
Total CK – 98% sensitive but 68-85% specific; peak value
18-30 hrs; duration 2-5 days; level 5-10x normal
CK-MB – rise proportional to extent of infarction; appears in
serum within 6 hrs after AMI; peak value 12-24 hrs; duration
1.5-3 days persistence indicates extension or infarction or
re-infarctionPost AMI CK-MB
CK-MB increases 4 – 8 hours post AMI
Peaks at 12 - 24 hours post AMI
Returns to normal 48 - 72 hours
CK-MB
Diagnostic Applications
15. Normal: 24 – 170 U/L (women) 24 – 195 U/L (men)
• Marked elevation (> 5x normal)
1. After trauma from electrocution, crush injury,
convulsion, tetany, surgical incision or IM injection
2. Athletic individuals – inc. muscle mass & inc.
release during strenuous activity
3. Muscular dystrophies
4. Chronic inflammation of muscle (dermatomyositis
or polymyositis)
Total Serum CK
Diagnostic Applications
16. 55 to 170 units/L for men
30 to 135 units/L for
women
68 to 580 units/L for
newborns
Generally the normal range is:
17. CK-MM generally rises in response to muscle damage
in your heart, brain, or skeleton after a crush injury,
seizures, muscular dystrophy, muscle inflammation, or
another skeletal muscle disorder.
CK-MB generally rises in response to a heart attack,
inflammation of the heart muscle, muscular dystrophy,
and other problems related to the heart.
CK-BB tends to rise in response to a brain injury,
meningitis, abnormal cell growth, severe shock, stroke,
hypothermia, or restricted blood flow to the bowel.
18. This test may be used to
Diagnose heart attack
Evaluate cause of chest pain
Determine if or how badly a muscle is
damaged
Detect rhabdomyolysis dermatomyositis,
Muscular dystrophy polymyositis, and other
muscle diseases
Tell the difference between malignant
hyperthermia and postoperative infection.
Acute Renal Failure
19. LOW LEVEL OF CK IN BLOOD
Having lower-than-normal CK levels in
your blood is rare.
Low than normal Level is not abnormality.
Muscle diseases - or renal failure could
fall under this genetic abnormality
20. Brain injury or stroke
Convulsions
Delirium tremens
Dermatomyositis or polymyositis
Electric shock
Heart attack
Inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis)
Lung tissue death (pulmonary infarction)
Muscular dystrophies
Myopathy
Polymyositis
vitamin E-selenium deficiency
snake bite poisoning
Additional conditions may give positive test results:
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Pericarditis following a heart attack
Rhabdomyolysis
High CPK levels may be seen in patients who have:
21. Cardiac catheterization
Intramuscular injections
Trauma to muscles
Recent surgery
Heavy exercise.
Drinking too much alcohol
Factors that may affect test results include
Amphotericin B
Certain anesthetics
Statins
Fibrates
Dexamethasone
Alcohol
Cocaine
Drugs that can increase CPK measurements include
22. If you have had a heart attack, your doctor may look for high levels of myoglobins or
troponins, other proteins that are also found in your heart.
Troponin blood test
Electrocardiogram, or ECG, to measure the electrical activity of your heart
What other tests might I have along with this test?
These other tests include: