Carnation- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Jasmine- introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Tuberose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Gomphrena and Ixora - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Carnation- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Jasmine- introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Tuberose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Gomphrena and Ixora - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Hibiscus - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Gaillardia(common name blanket flower) is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, native to North and South America. It was named after Maître Gaillard de Charentonneau, an 18th-century French magistrate who was an enthusiastic botanist. The common name may refer to the resemblance of the inflorescence to the brightly patterned blankets made by Native Americans, or to the ability of wild taxa to blanket the ground with colonies.Many cultivars have been bred for ornamental use.
A shrub is woody or semi-woody perennial plant with little or no trunk and grows up to a height from 50 cm to less than four meters.
Landscape uses of shrubs: Specimen plant Shrubbery border Avenue planting Hedge Edge Rockeries Shrubs for pots Moonlit gardening Ornamental fruits Topiary
The grandiflora petunia type was developed in early 1950, with the first F1 hybrid grandiflora,
‘Ballerina,’ introduced in 1952. This type has large showy flowers 31⁄2 to 5 inches in diameter. Cultivarshave been developed in a widerange of flower colors and with
petals that may have frilled or
rounded edges.
Dutch rose - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Barleria and celosia are the traditional under utilized flower crop therefore their information not most available in the books and other sources so we makes some effort for preparing presentation
A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing, or trailing, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.
Rose cultivation practices, uses, variety, soil and climatic requirement, pla...Nischal Sapkota
Rose cultivation practices, uses, variety, soil and climatic requirement, planting, manuring, harvesting and post harvest and disease and insect control
Hibiscus - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Gaillardia(common name blanket flower) is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, native to North and South America. It was named after Maître Gaillard de Charentonneau, an 18th-century French magistrate who was an enthusiastic botanist. The common name may refer to the resemblance of the inflorescence to the brightly patterned blankets made by Native Americans, or to the ability of wild taxa to blanket the ground with colonies.Many cultivars have been bred for ornamental use.
A shrub is woody or semi-woody perennial plant with little or no trunk and grows up to a height from 50 cm to less than four meters.
Landscape uses of shrubs: Specimen plant Shrubbery border Avenue planting Hedge Edge Rockeries Shrubs for pots Moonlit gardening Ornamental fruits Topiary
The grandiflora petunia type was developed in early 1950, with the first F1 hybrid grandiflora,
‘Ballerina,’ introduced in 1952. This type has large showy flowers 31⁄2 to 5 inches in diameter. Cultivarshave been developed in a widerange of flower colors and with
petals that may have frilled or
rounded edges.
Dutch rose - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Barleria and celosia are the traditional under utilized flower crop therefore their information not most available in the books and other sources so we makes some effort for preparing presentation
A rose is a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae, or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of plants that can be erect shrubs, climbing, or trailing, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.
Rose cultivation practices, uses, variety, soil and climatic requirement, pla...Nischal Sapkota
Rose cultivation practices, uses, variety, soil and climatic requirement, planting, manuring, harvesting and post harvest and disease and insect control
Scented rose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Asparagus and dracaena - Species and varieties - Production technologyDr. M. Kumaresan Hort.
FOLIAGE FILLERS - Asparagus and Dracaena - introduction and uses – varieties – propagation - planting systems and methods – nutrition and water management - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Discover the essentials of growing beautiful roses with our concise guide. Learn optimal planting techniques, soil care, watering tips, and more. Elevate your gardening skills and adorn your outdoor space with the timeless beauty of blooming roses.
Nerium and Celosia - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning –role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Gerbera - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Flower Production in Pakistan
• Limited area under flower production
o Lack of awareness about modern production systems
o Poor production and postharvest handling
infrastructure
o Poor international marketing standards information
• Major flower growing areas in Pakistan
o Pattoki (Kasur)
o Lahore
o Rawalpindi/Islamabad
o Multan/Melsi
o Hyderabad
o Karachi
o Rawlakot (AJK)
o Mansehra & Swat
Marigold flower types, care, vastu benefits, & more marigold flowers have long been admired in gardens and homes around the world for their vibrant colours and cheerful appearance.
Rose is a famous and very beautiful flower; the rose flower is a symbol of love all over the world. In Greenhouse mostly dutch rose variety cultivated, Dutch rose has high demand in national and international markets. Therefore Dutch rose cultivation is increasing day by day also Indian government promoting dutch rose farming by providing the subsidy.
Direct sunlight affects dutch rose productivity the plant required bright light Hence dutch rose grows very well in the Greenhouse where the climate is in control condition.
In this presentation, we'll explore the classification of ornamental plants, delving into their diverse categories and unique characteristics.
This presentation serves as a short illuminating guide for horticulture enthusiasts and agriculture students to help them with a better understanding of ornamentals.
This is PowerPoint Presentation published in Elsevier Journal.
Link here: https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals/book-companion/9780128498859/presentation
This Presentation is all about Ecdysone Receptor Agonists. All points are explained by diagrammatically. If you need any help about this topic, then mail me on mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
This Presentation is all about Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) Competitive Modulators (Agonists). All points are explained by diagrammatically. If you need any help about this topic, then mail me on mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
This Presentation is all about "Effectiveness and safety of some essential oils of
aromatic plants on the growth and silk production
of the silkworm Bombyx mori". This is a Research Paper and I Represent it as class presentation.
This presentation about Wild Locust (Migratory Locust).
This PPT discuss the topic about Taxonomy, Life Stages, Life History, Damage and Controls
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
2. “He who appreciates the beauty of a flower and its colors appreciate
the beauty himself.”
3. INTRODUCTION
• Roses are symbol of beauty, love, affection,
romance etc.
• Besides their aesthetic value, they are important
for their economic uses, such as
– cut flowers
– essential oils & Essences for cosmetics
– rose petals
– rose dry buds
– rose water
– rose hips
– rose achenes (seeds of rose)
– rose nursery stock
4. Roses In The Landscape
These are used in today’s landscape as they have
many advantages over other shrubs.
• It blooms for long period and the effect and range
of the flower is remarkable. The autumn coloring
of the foliage, the shape and color of the hips
(fruits), sometime supplemented by decorative
thorns make the rose important to be used in the
landscape.
• In large parks, housing developments, city green
belts, along highways and in community gardens
the rose has a spiritual palace in formal beds.
5. Modern Roses
• Roses developed after 1867 are called “Modern Roses”.
• These are originated from nearly 10 Species Roses like
R. canina, R. chinensis, R. foetida, Rosa gallica, R. gigantea,
R. moschata, R. multiflora, Rosa phoenicia, R rugosa and
R. wichuraiana.
These are divided in further groups:
Hybrid Tea: ( Tea roses x Hybrid perpatual)
Upright (1-2m tall), mostly single, well shaped flower with high spiralling
centres at the end of long stem.
Sturdy, often shiny petals, pointed buds, large glossy and semi glossy
leaves and strong stems.
• Colors include pure white and shades of red, lavender, orange, pink,
yellow, apricot, crimson, maroon and mauve.
• Most, but not all, hybrid teas have some fragrance
These are used as cut flower and for Landscape
8. Modern Roses…..
Floribunda ( Poliantha x Hybrid Tea)
These are shorter, more compact and have smaller canes
than hybrid teas.
Large clusters of small flowers are produced at the tips of the
canes.
Their showy masses of color and compact growth make them
most useful as a landscape rose for bed planting, grouping in
shrub borders, or as a hedge.
These are generally quite vigorous and perfuse bloomers.
They are generally more hardy and require less care than
hybrid teas. Mature plants range from 1 1⁄2 to 3 1⁄2 feet tall.
A broad range of colors is available in single, semi-double or
double flowers.
11. Grandiflora (Floribunda x Hybrid Tea)
• These have some of the characteristics of both hybrid teas and
floribundas.
• Their flowers resemble hybrid teas but are smaller and are produced in
groups of 5 to 7 resembling the cluster effect of floribundas.
• They bloom more abundantly than hybrid teas, and their long stemmed
flowers are also good for cutting.
• These are the tallest of the bush roses, reaching a height of 5 to 6 feet.
• They require the same degree of winter protection as hybrid teas.
14. Miniatures ( Polyantha x Rosa chinensis)
• Miniature roses have become popular in recent years.
• Their small size makes them useful for growing in
containers and small gardens.
• Flowers average about 1 inch in diameter in white and
shades of pink, red or yellow.
• The flowers can be used for miniature arrangements,
corsages and boutonnieres.
•Miniatures are not grafted and many varieties are quite
hardy.
16. Roses as cut flowers
• Value of fresh cut flower trade amounts to
50% followed by live ornamental plants
(43%) and cut foliage (7%) of floriculture
trade.
• Out of all cut flowers, roses account for 50 % of
total exports in world trade.
17. ROSE GROWING AREAS OF
PAKISTAN
• Qasur (Pattoki)
• Lahore
• Sheikhupura
• Rawalpindi
• Faisalabad
• Hyderabad
18. Rose Cultivation in The green House
“A greenhouse is a structure which maintain the
environmental conditions, like temperature, humidity,
and air circulation inside it for crops”.
Components of Green House
1- Green House Framework and glass or polythene covering
2- Cooling Pad system including, Fans, pads, exhaust fans
and humidifier if we want to reduce the temperature and
heating system if we increase the temperature in cool areas.
3-Drip Irrigation System, including Water Reservoir, pump,
Fertilizer mixer, Main pipes, Laterals and Drips.
20. Advantages of Greenhouse Technology
• Controlled temperature and humidity that prevent pests and
diseases
• Standards are followed with more consistency
• Varieties achieve their maximum potential in terms of bud
size, color and other physical attributes
• Sizes vary from short to very long stems (reaching up to a
meter in length) and production may be programmed
depending on buyers' demand
21. Less thorns that makes handling easier
Clean petals and leaves, again for easier handling
Good vase life so consumers can enjoy the flowers
longer
Year round reliable supply of flowers
22. Layout and Fertigation
• If roses are to be grown in greenhouse, trenches should be
dug 4’ wide and 2’ deep which should be filled with sweet
sand after lining with polythene sheet.
• Plantation should be done at 1’ distance in 1’ apart rows with
total plantation of 15,000 plants per acre.
• Nutrition and irrigation is provided though drip irrigation
system daily during summer and at alternate day during
winter.
23. Fertilization
• Application of nutrients should be based on analysis of
soil and plant.
• General recommendation is application of 2 bags of N: P:
K (17:17:17) per acre per month.
• If soil is poor, then micronutrients and growth promoters
should also be used occasionally.
• If fertilizer is applied through fertigation, then split these
monthly doses into ten splits each of which should be
applied at 3 days interval.
26. Temperature
Affects quality and quantity of plant and
flowers
Most of roses
Night temperature 60oF (15.5oC)
Optimum growing temperature 17-25oC
Not below 15oC ,above 27oC
Under high temperature
Flowers are small having few petals
Cool temperature
Bullheads are produced
27. Humidity
Roses required high humidity (65-75%)
By damping the paths
By Misting
Humidity helps in two ways
Reducing transpiration
Reduce incidence of red spider mite
Excessive Humidity
Foliage decrease
Downy mildew
black spots
28. Plants Management Practices.
• Pruning is an important step in regenerating the
growth and flowering of roses.
• Correct pruning is an essential factor for success in
rose growing and there fore, should be done with
precision and care.
• There is a marked difference in growth habit of
roses and each type has its own particular method
and season of pruning. the practice of rose pruning
consists of two operations.
29. Thining out : Comprises removal of old, weak, dry, diseased
stems.
Heading back/shortening of stems. Cutting down of last years
growth to desirable height
30. Objectives of pruning roses plants.
• To remove the unproductive growth
• To ensure production of large number of strong and
healthy shoots, which will bear flowers and improve
quality of blooms.
• Keep the rose bush in proper shape and size.
• To allow high and air to reach in centre of plant.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35. Disbudding
Varieties produce some side buds below the center bud. These side
buds have to be removed or disbudded.
The disbudding must be done regularly and also as soon as possible
in order to avoid large wounds in the upper leaf axil.