The document discusses plant propagation, potting, repotting, and indoor plants. It describes that plant propagation can occur sexually through floral parts or asexually through other plant parts. It outlines various asexual propagation methods like cuttings, division, and runners. It also discusses potting plants, repotting them when bound in pots, and some indoor plant options that clean the air like aloe vera, spider plant, and peace lily. Toxic indoor plants are also noted.
Establishment and maintenance of lawn is skilled and technical, for establishing good lawn handy hints are provided, such as selection of grasses, planting, maintenance, weeding, irrigation, lawn protection etc., are covered
Establishment and maintenance of lawn is skilled and technical, for establishing good lawn handy hints are provided, such as selection of grasses, planting, maintenance, weeding, irrigation, lawn protection etc., are covered
Nursery types, Structure, Components, Planning and Lay out of NurseryParmarManishkumarNar
A nursery is a place, where seedling, saplings, trees, shrubs, and other plant materials are grown and maintained until they are placed in a permanent place.
Nursery types, Structure, Components, Planning and Lay out of NurseryParmarManishkumarNar
A nursery is a place, where seedling, saplings, trees, shrubs, and other plant materials are grown and maintained until they are placed in a permanent place.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
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(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
2. Plant propagation
Plant propagation is the process of
creating new plants.
There are two types of propagation:
Sexual and Asexual.
Sexual propagation involves the floral parts
of a plant.
Asexual- any part of plant that can give rise
to new plant
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
25. Potting
Potting refer to transferring of plants from
seedbed and planting them in pots containing
soil mixture.
Take proper size container
large crock to a 3-5 cm sized depending upon
the size of pot.
Fill the media mixture
The pot filled as above can be used for sowing
seeds, potting of plants or planting cuttings.
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
30. RePotting
It means transferring of plants from pots
and planting them in the same or
different pot.
Plants growing for more than one year
in the same pots need repotting to avoid
pot bound conditions.
Potted perennial plants are required
repotting every year.
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
35. Indoor plants
Plants help clean indoor air, which is typically far more
polluted than outdoor air.
It breaks the monotony of the wall.
Gives a sense of belonging.
Maintains the aesthetic value of the room.
No indoor plants should be placed in bedroom
Occasionally doors and windows should be opened even
in strong winters
A minimum temperature of 20°C should maintained
inside the house. Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
37. Indoor plants
Aloe Vera easy-to-grow, sun-loving
succulent helps clear formaldehyde
and benzene, which can be a
byproduct of chemical-based
cleaners, paints and more.
Aloe is a smart choice for a sunny
kitchen window.
Beyond its air-clearing abilities, the
gel inside an aloe plant can help
heal cuts and burns, use to make
your self beautiful.
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
38. Indoor plants
With lots of rich foliage
and tiny white flowers,
the spider plant
(Chlorophytum comosum)
battles benzene,
formaldehyde, carbon
monoxide and xylene, a
solvent used in the
leather, rubber and
printing industries.
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
39. Indoor plants
Gerber daisy (Gerbera
jamesonii)
This bright, flowering
plant is effective at
removing
trichloroethylene that
comes with laundary.
It's also good for filtering
out the benzene that
comes with inks.
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
40. Indoor plants
Mother-in-law's tongue
(Sansevieria trifasciata)
Best for filtering out
formaldehyde, which is
common in cleaning products,
toilet paper, tissues and
personal care products.
Put one in bathroom — it'll
thrive with low light and
steamy humid conditions
while helping filter out air
pollutants.
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
41. Indoor plants
Golden pothos (Scindapsus
aures)-Money plant
• Another powerful plant for
tackling formaldehyde, this fast-
growing vine will create a
cascade of green from a hanging
basket.
• Consider it for garage since car
exhaust is filled with
formaldehyde.
• (Bonus: Golden pothos, also
know as devil's ivy, stays green
even when kept in the dark.)
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
42. Indoor plants
Chrysanthemum (Chrysantheium
morifolium)
The colorful flowers of a mum
can do a lot more than brighten
a home office or living room; the
blooms also help filter out
benzene, which is commonly
found in glue, paint, plastics
and detergent.
This plant loves bright light, and
to encourage buds to open, you'll
need to find a spot near an open
window with direct sunlight.
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
43. Indoor plants
Dracaena
• This plant is best for removing
xylene, trichloroethylene and
formaldehyde, which can be
introduced to indoor air
through varnishes and
gasoline.
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
44. Indoor plants
Weeping fig (Ficus benjamina)
A weeping fig (Ficus
benjamina) in living room can
help filter out pollutants that
typically accompany carpeting
and furniture such as
formaldehyde, benzene and
trichloroethylene.
Caring for a ficus can be
tricky, but once get the
watering and light conditions
right, they will last a long
time.
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
45. Indoor plants
Chinese evergreen
(Aglaonema crispum
'Deborah')
This easy-to-care-for plant
can help filter out a variety
of air pollutants and begins
to remove more toxins as time
and exposure continues.
Even with low light, it will
produce blooms and red
berries.
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
46. Indoor plants
Heart leaf philodendron
(Philodendron oxycardium)
This climbing vine plant isn't
a good option for kids or pets
— it's toxic when eaten, but
it's a workhorse for removing
all kinds of VOCs.
Philodendrons are particularly
good at battling formaldehyde
from sources like
particleboard.
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
47. Indoor plants
Peace lily (Spathiphyllum)
Shade and weekly watering
are all the peace lily needs to
survive and produce blooms.
It topped NASA's list for
removing all three of most
common VOCs —
formaldehyde, benzene and
trichloroethylene.
It can also combat toluene
and xylene.
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
48. Indoor plants
Bamboo palm (Chamaedorea
sefritzii)
Also known as the reed palm,
this small palm thrives in shady
indoor spaces and often
produces flowers and small
berries.
It tops the list of plants best
for filtering out both benzene
and trichloroethylene.
It's also a good choice for
placing around furniture that
could be off-gassing
formaldehyde.
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
49. Indoor plants
Orchids
They're effective
at removing xylene
from the air and
releasing oxygen at
night, making them
a good bedroom
plant.
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
50. Indoor plants
Ferns
The ability of ferns, and some
other plants, to remove
pollutants from air, soil or
water is called
phytoremediation.
Ferns and other plants are able
to absorb gases through their
leaves and roots.
Roots of fern help to break
down many VOC (volatile
organic compounds).
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
51. Indoor plants
Jade plant
It improve indoor air quality by
absorbing pollutants
Its also called as good luck
symbol plant
Absorb CO2 in night .
Easy to maintain.
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
52. Indoor plants
Safe for your pets
Ponytail palm ZebraHowrthea
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
53. Indoor plants
Safe for your pets
Calathea Triostarplant
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021
59. Disclaimer: Ownership of all images and logos used in this presentation
belongs to respective organization or individuals. Here they have been
used only for academic purpose
Dr. Chanda Rajendra Maurya
06/05/2021