Barleria and celosia are the traditional under utilized flower crop therefore their information not most available in the books and other sources so we makes some effort for preparing presentation
Carnation- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Gomphrena and Ixora - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Crossandra - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Tuberose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Gerbera - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Carnation- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Marigold - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Gomphrena and Ixora - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Crossandra - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Tuberose - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Gerbera - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Dutch rose - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Nerium and Celosia - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning –role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Cut Chrysanthemum- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Jasmine- introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold.African marigold(Tagetes erecta).CN- 2n=24.Family-Composity/Asteraceae. Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula).CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
Year round production of chrysanthemumnirmala puli
chrysanthemum is the flower which is gaining lot of importance in India. so year round cultivation of this flower crop will fetch a good income for farmers.
Production technology of onion and garlicRakesh Rajput
Production technology of bulb crop.
Production technology of Onion and garlic.
Cool season vegetables.
Cultivation of onion and garlic.
Diseases of onion and garlic
Production technology of onion ppt
Carrot cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
Gaillardia(common name blanket flower) is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, native to North and South America. It was named after Maître Gaillard de Charentonneau, an 18th-century French magistrate who was an enthusiastic botanist. The common name may refer to the resemblance of the inflorescence to the brightly patterned blankets made by Native Americans, or to the ability of wild taxa to blanket the ground with colonies.Many cultivars have been bred for ornamental use.
Hibiscus - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Ornamental climbers identification and use for different area landscapingthaneshwari thaneshwari
Common name, botanical name, family and method of propagation of ornamental climber has been discussed.
List of ornamental climbers for different area has been enlisted:
Tropical flowering climbers
Tropical foliage climber
Sub-tropical flowering climber
Sub-tropical foliage climber
Temperate flowering climber
Temperate foliage climbers
Climbers with scented flowers
Shade loving Climber
Climber for sunny situation
Climber for controlling sound and noise pollution
Dutch rose - introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Nerium and Celosia - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning –role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Cut Chrysanthemum- introduction and uses – varieties – media and environment- Fumigation - filed preparation - planting systems – nutrition and fertigation - weed management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- physiological disorders and its control measures- harvest index and yield
Jasmine- introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management – training and pruning – special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Cultivation of marigold. production technology of marigold .Arvind Yadav
Genomic classification of marigold.African marigold(Tagetes erecta).CN- 2n=24.Family-Composity/Asteraceae. Origin ---Maxico and South america.
French marigold(Tagetes patula).CN-2n=48
.Family-composity/Asteraceae
.Origin-Maxico and South america
There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)There are about 33 species of the genus tagetes. Some of important are fallows1-Tagetes erecta(African marigold)2-Tagetes ptula(French marigold ). Other important species1-Tagetes tenuifolia-(Bushy type, Less than 30cm)2-Tagetes lacera-(Grow upto 120-150cm in height)3-tagetes lemmonii(Glow upto 60-70cm height besrs small slowers)
Year round production of chrysanthemumnirmala puli
chrysanthemum is the flower which is gaining lot of importance in India. so year round cultivation of this flower crop will fetch a good income for farmers.
Production technology of onion and garlicRakesh Rajput
Production technology of bulb crop.
Production technology of Onion and garlic.
Cool season vegetables.
Cultivation of onion and garlic.
Diseases of onion and garlic
Production technology of onion ppt
Carrot cultivation based on botany, plant characteristic, soil, climate, variety and varietal characteristic, problem in cultivation and their management practices and storage and post harvest handling.
Gaillardia(common name blanket flower) is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, Asteraceae, native to North and South America. It was named after Maître Gaillard de Charentonneau, an 18th-century French magistrate who was an enthusiastic botanist. The common name may refer to the resemblance of the inflorescence to the brightly patterned blankets made by Native Americans, or to the ability of wild taxa to blanket the ground with colonies.Many cultivars have been bred for ornamental use.
Hibiscus - introduction and uses – varieties - soil and climate and planting systems - weed, nutrition and irrigation management –special horticultural practices - role of growth regulators- harvest index and yield
Ornamental climbers identification and use for different area landscapingthaneshwari thaneshwari
Common name, botanical name, family and method of propagation of ornamental climber has been discussed.
List of ornamental climbers for different area has been enlisted:
Tropical flowering climbers
Tropical foliage climber
Sub-tropical flowering climber
Sub-tropical foliage climber
Temperate flowering climber
Temperate foliage climbers
Climbers with scented flowers
Shade loving Climber
Climber for sunny situation
Climber for controlling sound and noise pollution
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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1. College of Horticulture-Bagalkot.
Course No : FLA 503
Course Title : Production technologies of
Traditional flowers.
Presented by:
D. Lava kumar,
Jr. M. Sc ,
Dept .of FLA.
Presented to:
A.M. Shirol sir,
Associate Professor,
Dept . of FLA.
3. Scientific name :Barleria cristata
Family : Acanthaceae ,
Origin : Native of southern India ,
Chromosome no:2n=40 ,
Vernacular names : December flowers,
Janti or Bansa , Violetta
(English),
Philippine violet , Blueball
barleria.
Named the genus Barleria ,in the honour of
French botanist J.Barrelier (17th century).
4. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION:
• Perennial , evergreen compact bushy , many
branched shrub , attains a height of upto1.5 mts.
• Tolerates regular pruning.
• stems: Angular and hairy green.
• Leaves: Opposite(entire to 7cm) , often armed with
spines in the leafaxils .
• Bracteoles: frequently represented by thorns
5. FLOWER
Axillary or terminal
Purple, blue , yellow or white in colour
Sessile, solitary or in dense.
Sepals : 4 in number,in opposite pairs
Corolla tube: Elongate , sometimes large
funnel
Shaped upwards.
Capsules : ovoid or entire,2 or 4 seeded.
Seeds: Surface hairs which swell when wet.
6. USES:
These are popular flowering shrubs.
Commonly grown in gardens as Hedge and shrubbery.
Making Garlands.
Adorning the hair of women.
Religious and ceremonial functions.
Leaves of Barleria opara used as vegetable.
Seeds of Barleria cristata used as antidote for snakebite.
Roots,leaves reduces swelling and infusion is given for cough.
Barleria prionitis used for catarrhal affections of children accompined
for fever and cough.
Leaf juice applied for feet to prevent cracking.
11. Barleria cristata:
Most common and important species
Popularly grown in gardens
Erect shrub ,branches are adpressed
by yellow hairs
Flower colour : violet ,purple , pink,
blue or white
Varieties : Aliporense , Celestis , Ciliata,
Sraiata , Dichotoma , Pulcherimma,
Candida etc.
20. Bushy and used as Fence
B.prionitis Yellow flower B.gibsoniiBlue flower
21. B.lupulina:
Attractive plant even without flowers.
Leaves dark green with red midrib, stems are chocolate colour
and flowers are yellow in colour.
Leaves Yellow flowers
22. HYBRIDIZATION:
In Barleria, there are many species and quite a good
number of varieties are available in B.cristata .
Cut blooms in barleria last for a short duration.
In mild tropical climate they bear flowers for several
months in a year, but in north India they flower in the
early cold months for a few weeks.
B.cristata forms used in cross breeding programs with
other interesting species to evolve attractive free-
flowering types with more flowers per axil which will
bloom for many months in a year and of cut blooms
will last for a longer duration . Bagging in hybridization
23. PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Barleria is grown in a variety of soils and climates.
Very hardy and can grow even in adverse soil and climatic conditions.
But, it prefers mild tropical climate for proper growth and flowering.
Prefers a sunny situation but will flower fairly in semi-shade.
Loamy garden soil rich in organic matter is best suited.
24. CULTIVATION:
Well pulverized soil upto a good depth ,free from
weeds , stones and other hard material is required.
FYM should be applied at the time of soil
preparation.
To facilitate irrigation and other cultural operations
, land is to be divided into plots
25. Planting:
Plants are easily propagated from seeds or by stem cuttings.
Spacing: 1.5mts either way.
1800 plants/acre may be planted.
26. Intercultural operations:
Barleria responds to manuring , but too much manure will encourage
vegetative growth .
Hamper quality and quantity of blooming.
For 1acre: 6tonnes of FYM
3quintals of inorganic manure is required.
NPK ratio: 17:17:17.
Half applied at the time of planting or after pruning,
rest half at 1 month before flowering.
27. Sufficient moisture in the soil is necessary for proper
flowering.
During summer and dry months , plants are to be watered
freely.
Done after blooming season is over.
Pruning helps in balancing vegetative growth and flowering of plants.
If properly done it induces good flowering.
28. Harvesting starts from June and remains upto February under Bangalore
Condition.
Yeild:3000 to 4000 kg/ha.
Price fluctuates greatly in different months depending on the supply
and seasonal demand of the flowers.
Highest during : Dec-Feb,
Lowest during : July-August.
30. Scientific name : Celosia argentia var. cristeta
Family : Amaranthaceae
Origin : Africa
Chromosome no :2n=36.
Other names :Cock’s comb , wool flower ,
velvet flower(Mexico),
Rooster comb (Spain),
Sita jada or pattukuchula puvvu
(in Telugu).
31. Importance
Celosia is a Greek word “kelos”
means ‘burnt’
Itself refers to the plant’s brilliant
appe-
-arence and striking flame like
flower
heads.
Botany
These are half hardy erect herbs upto
90cm in height.
It has narrow , alternate , entire or lobed
leaves.
Flowers are small , not individually showy
, borne in spikes or panicles .
32. Uses :
• Celosia cristata is a common garden ornamental plant.
• Used as cut flower-much vase life.
• Used as pot plant. Dry flower.
• Flower used as one of the major flower of Bathukamma-“festival of
flowers”.
• As leafy vegetable-broad leaf annual known Lagos spinach
C.argentea var argentia.
• Leading leafy vegetable in Nigeria known as “soko yokoto”Means
“makes husband fat and happy” mild spinach taste.
• As a grain (pseudo cereal).
• Used to treat intestinal worms like tape worms,blood diseases,mouth
sores,eye problems.
• Seeds-treat chest problems.
• Flowers-treat diarrhea.
39. Grows in wide range of soils ,
survive in well drained soils.
pH of the soil can be 6 to 7.5 .
Plants thrive well in fertile soils
with plenty of moisture.
40. These are generally grown in the hot and
rainy seasons.
Sometimes , they my be grown in winter
also.
They require full sun exposure for
blooming.
41. These are generally seed propagated.
Collect seed head or pod when flowers fade ,
allow to dry.
Seed production is very high i.e,200-700kg/ha.
1000 sees can weigh 1.0 to 1.2gms only.
Seeds are sown in well drained light soil.
Seed germination takes place in 6to8 days.
Celosia seeds
42. Done at four leaf stage.
Spacing:
Seeds sown in Jan-Feb for summer
flowering or
May to June for rainy season(mostly in
Telangana).
30X15cm-for dwarf varieties.
30X30-for tall varieties.
43. Minimum moisture should
be maintained for good
yield.
Watered regularly in sunny
days.
Drip system is highly
beneficial.
Not followed mostly.
One weeding is beneficial.
In the regions of Telangana it is grown
as intercop with cotton.
44. Harvesting:
Dwarf bloom earlier than the tall ones.
Harvesting is done after blossom
attaining full size.
Blossom can lasts for 8to10 weeks.
Harvested flowers
Blossoms ready for
Harvesting.