River
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Running water is a major agent of erosion that creates various landforms. It can form V-shaped valleys through faster downcutting than lateral cutting. Meanders are curves formed by slow flowing rivers. Flood plains are fertile lands deposited with silt during river overflows. Deltas are landforms deposited at river mouths in the shape of the Greek letter delta.
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River i
Running water creates several landforms as it flows across the Earth's surface from its source to its mouth. These include V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, meanders, flood plains, and deltas. Running water erodes land through various processes, depositing sediment in slower areas to form landforms. Major landforms include V-shaped valleys carved by fast-flowing water, flood plains of fertile land deposited during overflowing, and deltas of sediment at river mouths.
Landforms and wter forms meaning
The document defines various geographic terms including altitude, archipelago, basin, bay, branch, canyon, cape, channel, climate, cliff, coast, continent, continental shelf, current, dam, delta, desert, divide, downstream, fault, fjord, forest, fork, glacier, gulf, harbor, hemisphere, highland, hill, iceberg, inlet, island, isthmus, lake, latitude, longitude, lowland, mesa, mountain, mountain range, mouth, oasis, ocean, peninsula, plain, plateau, port, prairie, rapids, reef, reservoir, river, sea, source, strait, swamp, tide, upstream, valley, volcano, waterfall
Glossary!!
Ground water is water stored underground in spaces between rocks. Aquifers are underground rock formations that yield significant water quantities that can be pumped for use. Wells tap into groundwater by drilling or digging into aquifers. Surface water includes lakes, rivers, streams, and ponds. It comes from precipitation and runoff. The water cycle involves evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration and transpiration that circulates water on Earth.
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The document discusses water resources including surface water and groundwater. It provides background on the water cycle, noting that water is continually moving through different states on Earth. It also discusses the distribution of Earth's water, with only 1% available for human use, mostly as groundwater. The document focuses on the Clear Creek watershed in Texas, describing the watershed area, environmental characteristics, flooding issues, and flood reduction measures. It also discusses uses of surface water and the process of water treatment.
Surface water & Ground water 2013 acloutier
1. The document discusses the hydrologic cycle and how water moves through various pathways between the atmosphere and Earth's surface, including evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.
2. It describes how runoff water can form streams and tributaries and eventually rivers, and how streams and rivers can deposit sediments to form features like deltas and alluvial fans as they enter lakes and oceans.
3. The document also discusses the formation of landforms like meandering streams, oxbow lakes, and floodplains, and how human activities like adding fertilizers can speed up the natural eutrophication process in lakes.
Introduction to groundwater and aquifer
Groundwater is water located beneath the Earth's surface. It is an important natural resource. Groundwater hydrology studies the occurrence, movement, and quality of subsurface water. Porous media such as rocks and unconsolidated deposits allow water to flow through voids and openings in the subsurface. Groundwater exists in saturated and unsaturated zones, with the saturated zone below the water table containing all interconnected voids filled with water. Aquifers are water-bearing formations that can supply usable amounts of groundwater. Properties like porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and storativity help determine how much and how quickly groundwater can flow through the subsurface.
Ground water
This document defines groundwater as water present beneath the Earth's surface, within soil pores and fractures in rock formations. An aquifer is a unit of rock or sediment that yields usable water. The water table marks the depth where pores and fractures become fully saturated. Groundwater is extracted via wells for agriculture, municipal, and industrial uses. Its study is called hydrogeology. Springs form when aquifers fill to the point of overflowing onto land. Pumping a well creates a cone of depression in the water table or pressure levels around the well. The size of this cone depends on factors like the pumping rate, aquifer properties, storage, and thickness.
Prsn
Groundwater is water located beneath the Earth's surface. It is replenished by precipitation and flows slowly through pores and cracks in rock, filling aquifers. The water table marks the top of the saturated zone where all pores are filled. Factors like slope and permeability affect flow rate. Wells tap into aquifers for water access. Springs occur where aquifers meet the surface. Heavy pumping can lower water tables and cause land subsidence if withdrawal exceeds recharge. Groundwater pollution stems from agriculture, dumps, and industry. Geothermal energy harnesses underground heat to generate electricity.
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Running water creates several landforms as it flows across the Earth's surface from its source to its mouth. These include V-shaped valleys, waterfalls, meanders, flood plains, and deltas. Running water erodes land through various processes, depositing sediment in slower areas to form landforms. Major landforms include V-shaped valleys carved by fast-flowing water, flood plains of fertile land deposited during overflowing, and deltas of sediment at river mouths.
Landforms and wter forms meaning
The document defines various geographic terms including altitude, archipelago, basin, bay, branch, canyon, cape, channel, climate, cliff, coast, continent, continental shelf, current, dam, delta, desert, divide, downstream, fault, fjord, forest, fork, glacier, gulf, harbor, hemisphere, highland, hill, iceberg, inlet, island, isthmus, lake, latitude, longitude, lowland, mesa, mountain, mountain range, mouth, oasis, ocean, peninsula, plain, plateau, port, prairie, rapids, reef, reservoir, river, sea, source, strait, swamp, tide, upstream, valley, volcano, waterfall
Glossary!!
Ground water is water stored underground in spaces between rocks. Aquifers are underground rock formations that yield significant water quantities that can be pumped for use. Wells tap into groundwater by drilling or digging into aquifers. Surface water includes lakes, rivers, streams, and ponds. It comes from precipitation and runoff. The water cycle involves evaporation, condensation, precipitation, infiltration and transpiration that circulates water on Earth.
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The document discusses water resources including surface water and groundwater. It provides background on the water cycle, noting that water is continually moving through different states on Earth. It also discusses the distribution of Earth's water, with only 1% available for human use, mostly as groundwater. The document focuses on the Clear Creek watershed in Texas, describing the watershed area, environmental characteristics, flooding issues, and flood reduction measures. It also discusses uses of surface water and the process of water treatment.
Surface water & Ground water 2013 acloutier
1. The document discusses the hydrologic cycle and how water moves through various pathways between the atmosphere and Earth's surface, including evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff.
2. It describes how runoff water can form streams and tributaries and eventually rivers, and how streams and rivers can deposit sediments to form features like deltas and alluvial fans as they enter lakes and oceans.
3. The document also discusses the formation of landforms like meandering streams, oxbow lakes, and floodplains, and how human activities like adding fertilizers can speed up the natural eutrophication process in lakes.
Introduction to groundwater and aquifer
Groundwater is water located beneath the Earth's surface. It is an important natural resource. Groundwater hydrology studies the occurrence, movement, and quality of subsurface water. Porous media such as rocks and unconsolidated deposits allow water to flow through voids and openings in the subsurface. Groundwater exists in saturated and unsaturated zones, with the saturated zone below the water table containing all interconnected voids filled with water. Aquifers are water-bearing formations that can supply usable amounts of groundwater. Properties like porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and storativity help determine how much and how quickly groundwater can flow through the subsurface.
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This document defines groundwater as water present beneath the Earth's surface, within soil pores and fractures in rock formations. An aquifer is a unit of rock or sediment that yields usable water. The water table marks the depth where pores and fractures become fully saturated. Groundwater is extracted via wells for agriculture, municipal, and industrial uses. Its study is called hydrogeology. Springs form when aquifers fill to the point of overflowing onto land. Pumping a well creates a cone of depression in the water table or pressure levels around the well. The size of this cone depends on factors like the pumping rate, aquifer properties, storage, and thickness.
Prsn
Groundwater is water located beneath the Earth's surface. It is replenished by precipitation and flows slowly through pores and cracks in rock, filling aquifers. The water table marks the top of the saturated zone where all pores are filled. Factors like slope and permeability affect flow rate. Wells tap into aquifers for water access. Springs occur where aquifers meet the surface. Heavy pumping can lower water tables and cause land subsidence if withdrawal exceeds recharge. Groundwater pollution stems from agriculture, dumps, and industry. Geothermal energy harnesses underground heat to generate electricity.
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Running water is the dominant process in stream erosion and sediment transport. Streams erode bedrock and weathered material, transporting sediment in suspension, as bedload, and dissolved in the water. Sediment is deposited when stream velocity decreases due to changes in gradient, discharge, or channel characteristics. Over long time periods, streams evolve through youthful, mature, and old stages as they cut downward and widen their valleys.
RUNNING WATER AND GROUND WATER
Running water and groundwater are both integral parts of the water cycle. Running water, such as rivers and streams, shapes landscapes through erosion and acts as a resource for energy, industry, and transportation. Groundwater represents the largest accessible freshwater reserve, providing over half of the world's drinking water and a significant portion of its agricultural and industrial needs. It is important to maintain the cleanliness of both surface running water and subsurface groundwater, as water is essential to life and a degraded water supply could create shortages.
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This document summarizes Palestinian water resources, including surface water like the Jordan River, and groundwater. It discusses the Western, Eastern, and Northeastern groundwater basins in the West Bank, and the coastal aquifer in Gaza. It notes that while the Jordan River is the most important surface water, groundwater is the primary source due to rainfall fluctuations. It also outlines processes that contribute to salinization of Gaza's groundwater and discusses artificial groundwater recharge as a way to address saltwater intrusion and water shortages. The document provides definitions for key water-related terms in Palestinian law.
Ground water zones
Groundwater exists below the surface in two zones - the unsaturated zone of aeration and the saturated zone. The water table marks the upper boundary of the saturated zone. Springs are formed where groundwater meets the surface, such as where a hillside intersects an aquifer. Recharge adds water to aquifers through direct percolation of precipitation or indirect recharge through runoff and streams. Wetlands can both add water to and discharge water from groundwater systems.
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Water is essential for life but is often minimal and poor quality for many people. This document outlines issues to consider when planning water supply improvements to select the most appropriate sources. Surface water is water on the planet's surface, like in rivers, lakes, and oceans. It is easily polluted and can flow in streams or remain still in ponds.
Aquifer
An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing rock. Water-bearing rocks are permeable, meaning that they have openings that liquids and gases can pass through. Sedimentary rock such as sandstone, as well as sand and gravel, are examples of water-bearing rock.
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This document discusses various landforms created by rivers, including V-shaped valleys, canyons, waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, ox-bow lakes, and deltas. It provides definitions and examples of each landform. Experiments are suggested to observe water flow and erosion. Jog Falls in Karnataka is provided as an example of the largest waterfall in India. The document concludes with review questions about jog falls and ox-bow lakes, as well as a suggestion for a follow up activity to create a picture album of river landforms.
Geology: Water as a Resource
The presentation includes the following subtopics:
*FLUID STORAGE AND MOBILITY: POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY
* FLUID STORAGE AND MOBILITY: POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY
*SUBSURFACE WATERS
*AQUIFER GEOMETRY AND GROUNDWATER FLOW
*DARCY’S LAW AND GROUNDWATER FLOW
*CONSEQUENCES OF GROUNDWATER WITHDRAWAL
*OTHER IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION ON GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS
*OTHER FEATURES INVOLVING SUBSURFACE WATER
*WATER QUALITY
*EXTENDING THE WATER SUPPLY
Groundwater 1
Groundwater is found underground in soil and rock pores and fractures. It is an important source of freshwater. Groundwater exists in three zones: the saturated zone where all pores are full of water, the capillary fringe just above it, and the aeration zone above that. The water table marks the top of the saturated zone. Groundwater interacts with streams, which can gain or lose water from interactions with the water table. Factors like porosity, permeability, and the slope of the water table influence groundwater storage and movement. Groundwater can emerge as springs, hot springs, or geysers, and be accessed via wells. Excessive pumping can cause problems like subsidence and saltwater contamination.
Water resarch and ground water
The hydrosphere refers to all water on Earth's surface and near-surface, including oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater and water in the atmosphere. Oceans contain about 96% of Earth's water while freshwater lakes and streams only contain 0.016%. Groundwater is an important source, with 22% of freshwater occurring underground in aquifers. Aquifers are underground rock formations that hold and transmit water. Factors like porosity, permeability and hydraulic gradient determine groundwater flow. Human activities like excessive groundwater pumping can lower water tables and cause issues like land subsidence, saltwater intrusion and sinkholes. Managing groundwater sustainably requires understanding recharge rates and balancing usage with replenishment
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The document describes the hydrological cycle, also known as the water cycle. It involves the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. The sun evaporates water from oceans, lakes, and rivers, which rises into the atmosphere. Clouds carry water vapor and precipitation falls as rain, snow, or hail. Water runs over or seeps into the ground, with some evaporating again and some collecting in aquifers below ground. This water may eventually be discharged into streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans, completing the cycle.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the water cycle and hydrologic systems. It discusses (1) the constant movement of water among oceans, atmosphere, land, and biosphere that makes up the water cycle; (2) processes in the cycle like infiltration, transpiration, precipitation, evaporation, and runoff; and (3) how streams transport and deposit materials via erosion, deposition, and flooding. It also addresses (3) groundwater movement and storage in aquifers and features like springs, wells, and caverns that form where groundwater interacts with the surface.
Oceanography/Hydrology Vocabulary
This document defines key vocabulary terms related to oceanography and ocean features and processes. It includes definitions for abyssal plains, continental rises, continental shelves, continental slopes, Coriolis effect, deep currents, El Niño, La Niña, longshore currents, mid-ocean ridges, ocean currents, ocean trenches, rift valleys, salinity, seamounts, storm surges, surface currents, swells, tsunamis, undertow, upwelling, and whitecaps.
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This document discusses various topics related to water and oceans, including:
- Oceans contain 97% of Earth's water and temperatures decrease from the equator to the poles. Salinity also decreases towards the equator.
- Ocean water circulates through waves, tides, and currents caused by winds, temperature/salinity differences, and density variations. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami devastated several countries.
- Tides are the regular rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. Ocean currents circulate water and influence global temperatures and moisture levels.
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Management of water resources has been crucial for the development of civilizations throughout history. Early civilizations managed water for drinking, irrigation, flood control, transportation, and power. While water management techniques like qanats, aqueducts, and irrigation systems date back millennia, populations pressures and other challenges confront modern water managers.
Imagination Island vocabulary
This document provides definitions for various geographic terms that may be used in a project. It defines 18 terms including archipelago, bay, canal, cape, current, dam, delta, gulf, island, isthmus, lake, levee, mesa, ocean, peninsula, plateau, river, and strait. The definitions provide concise explanations of each term and examples of their uses in geography.
Hydrology (Ground water Hydrology)
This document provides information on groundwater hydrology and the design of tube wells. It defines key terms like groundwater, saturated and unsaturated zones, porosity, permeability, and transmissivity. It describes the four main types of tube wells - strainer, cavity, slotted, and perforated. The design procedure for a slotted gravel pack tube well and strainer type tube well is explained, including determining the bore hole and tube diameters based on flow velocities and selecting between centrifugal or bore hole pumps depending on water table depth.
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paper about the underground water and its geotechnical problems and how to control it
This is a large and complex topic and I have to focus on some key points that you need it to finish the project of the tunneling subject that you're working on it
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This document discusses drainage basins and the water cycle within a typical basin. It explains that a drainage basin is the area where precipitation flows into a river system. Water enters the basin as precipitation and leaves through evaporation, transpiration, and river discharge. The document outlines the various inputs, storage mechanisms, flows and processes, and outputs involved in the water cycle within a drainage basin. It describes precipitation, interception, vegetation storage, surface storage, groundwater storage, channel storage, and more. Finally, it discusses the water balance of a basin and how inputs and outputs vary seasonally.
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This document defines key landforms including runoff, tributaries, watersheds, sediment, meanders, flood plains, deltas, water gaps, canyons, valleys, dunes, and landslides. It explains that runoff is water flowing over the surface of the earth, tributaries are smaller streams feeding into larger rivers, and a watershed is the entire area that drains into a body of water. It also describes characteristics of different landforms such as meanders in rivers, sediment deposition in flood plains and deltas, and how canyons, valleys, and landslides are formed.
River land forms
Rivers form distinctive landforms through the processes of erosion, transportation, and deposition. Potholes are formed by turbulent water swirling pebbles in a depression, enlarging it over time through abrasion. Rapids occur where bands of hard rock protrude in a river, causing turbulence and mini waterfalls. Waterfalls are formed where a river spills over a sudden change in gradient, undercutting and eroding rocks.
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Running water is the dominant process in stream erosion and sediment transport. Streams erode bedrock and weathered material, transporting sediment in suspension, as bedload, and dissolved in the water. Sediment is deposited when stream velocity decreases due to changes in gradient, discharge, or channel characteristics. Over long time periods, streams evolve through youthful, mature, and old stages as they cut downward and widen their valleys.
RUNNING WATER AND GROUND WATER
Running water and groundwater are both integral parts of the water cycle. Running water, such as rivers and streams, shapes landscapes through erosion and acts as a resource for energy, industry, and transportation. Groundwater represents the largest accessible freshwater reserve, providing over half of the world's drinking water and a significant portion of its agricultural and industrial needs. It is important to maintain the cleanliness of both surface running water and subsurface groundwater, as water is essential to life and a degraded water supply could create shortages.
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This document summarizes Palestinian water resources, including surface water like the Jordan River, and groundwater. It discusses the Western, Eastern, and Northeastern groundwater basins in the West Bank, and the coastal aquifer in Gaza. It notes that while the Jordan River is the most important surface water, groundwater is the primary source due to rainfall fluctuations. It also outlines processes that contribute to salinization of Gaza's groundwater and discusses artificial groundwater recharge as a way to address saltwater intrusion and water shortages. The document provides definitions for key water-related terms in Palestinian law.
Ground water zones
Groundwater exists below the surface in two zones - the unsaturated zone of aeration and the saturated zone. The water table marks the upper boundary of the saturated zone. Springs are formed where groundwater meets the surface, such as where a hillside intersects an aquifer. Recharge adds water to aquifers through direct percolation of precipitation or indirect recharge through runoff and streams. Wetlands can both add water to and discharge water from groundwater systems.
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Water is essential for life but is often minimal and poor quality for many people. This document outlines issues to consider when planning water supply improvements to select the most appropriate sources. Surface water is water on the planet's surface, like in rivers, lakes, and oceans. It is easily polluted and can flow in streams or remain still in ponds.
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An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing rock. Water-bearing rocks are permeable, meaning that they have openings that liquids and gases can pass through. Sedimentary rock such as sandstone, as well as sand and gravel, are examples of water-bearing rock.
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This document discusses various landforms created by rivers, including V-shaped valleys, canyons, waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, ox-bow lakes, and deltas. It provides definitions and examples of each landform. Experiments are suggested to observe water flow and erosion. Jog Falls in Karnataka is provided as an example of the largest waterfall in India. The document concludes with review questions about jog falls and ox-bow lakes, as well as a suggestion for a follow up activity to create a picture album of river landforms.
Geology: Water as a Resource
The presentation includes the following subtopics:
*FLUID STORAGE AND MOBILITY: POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY
* FLUID STORAGE AND MOBILITY: POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY
*SUBSURFACE WATERS
*AQUIFER GEOMETRY AND GROUNDWATER FLOW
*DARCY’S LAW AND GROUNDWATER FLOW
*CONSEQUENCES OF GROUNDWATER WITHDRAWAL
*OTHER IMPACTS OF URBANIZATION ON GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS
*OTHER FEATURES INVOLVING SUBSURFACE WATER
*WATER QUALITY
*EXTENDING THE WATER SUPPLY
Groundwater 1
Groundwater is found underground in soil and rock pores and fractures. It is an important source of freshwater. Groundwater exists in three zones: the saturated zone where all pores are full of water, the capillary fringe just above it, and the aeration zone above that. The water table marks the top of the saturated zone. Groundwater interacts with streams, which can gain or lose water from interactions with the water table. Factors like porosity, permeability, and the slope of the water table influence groundwater storage and movement. Groundwater can emerge as springs, hot springs, or geysers, and be accessed via wells. Excessive pumping can cause problems like subsidence and saltwater contamination.
Water resarch and ground water
The hydrosphere refers to all water on Earth's surface and near-surface, including oceans, lakes, rivers, groundwater and water in the atmosphere. Oceans contain about 96% of Earth's water while freshwater lakes and streams only contain 0.016%. Groundwater is an important source, with 22% of freshwater occurring underground in aquifers. Aquifers are underground rock formations that hold and transmit water. Factors like porosity, permeability and hydraulic gradient determine groundwater flow. Human activities like excessive groundwater pumping can lower water tables and cause issues like land subsidence, saltwater intrusion and sinkholes. Managing groundwater sustainably requires understanding recharge rates and balancing usage with replenishment
Irwe 320 hydrogeology ppt1
The document describes the hydrological cycle, also known as the water cycle. It involves the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. The sun evaporates water from oceans, lakes, and rivers, which rises into the atmosphere. Clouds carry water vapor and precipitation falls as rain, snow, or hail. Water runs over or seeps into the ground, with some evaporating again and some collecting in aquifers below ground. This water may eventually be discharged into streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans, completing the cycle.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the water cycle and hydrologic systems. It discusses (1) the constant movement of water among oceans, atmosphere, land, and biosphere that makes up the water cycle; (2) processes in the cycle like infiltration, transpiration, precipitation, evaporation, and runoff; and (3) how streams transport and deposit materials via erosion, deposition, and flooding. It also addresses (3) groundwater movement and storage in aquifers and features like springs, wells, and caverns that form where groundwater interacts with the surface.
Oceanography/Hydrology Vocabulary
This document defines key vocabulary terms related to oceanography and ocean features and processes. It includes definitions for abyssal plains, continental rises, continental shelves, continental slopes, Coriolis effect, deep currents, El Niño, La Niña, longshore currents, mid-ocean ridges, ocean currents, ocean trenches, rift valleys, salinity, seamounts, storm surges, surface currents, swells, tsunamis, undertow, upwelling, and whitecaps.
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This document discusses various topics related to water and oceans, including:
- Oceans contain 97% of Earth's water and temperatures decrease from the equator to the poles. Salinity also decreases towards the equator.
- Ocean water circulates through waves, tides, and currents caused by winds, temperature/salinity differences, and density variations. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami devastated several countries.
- Tides are the regular rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun. Ocean currents circulate water and influence global temperatures and moisture levels.
Chapter 1 historical perspective of water use
Management of water resources has been crucial for the development of civilizations throughout history. Early civilizations managed water for drinking, irrigation, flood control, transportation, and power. While water management techniques like qanats, aqueducts, and irrigation systems date back millennia, populations pressures and other challenges confront modern water managers.
Imagination Island vocabulary
This document provides definitions for various geographic terms that may be used in a project. It defines 18 terms including archipelago, bay, canal, cape, current, dam, delta, gulf, island, isthmus, lake, levee, mesa, ocean, peninsula, plateau, river, and strait. The definitions provide concise explanations of each term and examples of their uses in geography.
Hydrology (Ground water Hydrology)
This document provides information on groundwater hydrology and the design of tube wells. It defines key terms like groundwater, saturated and unsaturated zones, porosity, permeability, and transmissivity. It describes the four main types of tube wells - strainer, cavity, slotted, and perforated. The design procedure for a slotted gravel pack tube well and strainer type tube well is explained, including determining the bore hole and tube diameters based on flow velocities and selecting between centrifugal or bore hole pumps depending on water table depth.
Underground water
paper about the underground water and its geotechnical problems and how to control it
This is a large and complex topic and I have to focus on some key points that you need it to finish the project of the tunneling subject that you're working on it
AS Geography (AQA) - Rivers
This document discusses drainage basins and the water cycle within a typical basin. It explains that a drainage basin is the area where precipitation flows into a river system. Water enters the basin as precipitation and leaves through evaporation, transpiration, and river discharge. The document outlines the various inputs, storage mechanisms, flows and processes, and outputs involved in the water cycle within a drainage basin. It describes precipitation, interception, vegetation storage, surface storage, groundwater storage, channel storage, and more. Finally, it discusses the water balance of a basin and how inputs and outputs vary seasonally.
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This chapter discusses fluvial processes and landforms created by flowing water. It covers topics like surface runoff, stream systems, drainage basins, stream discharge, erosion and transportation of sediment, channel patterns, and landforms created in different parts of the stream course. It also addresses human impacts like flooding hazards and the importance of surface waters for transportation, agriculture, and water supply.
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This document defines key landforms including runoff, tributaries, watersheds, sediment, meanders, flood plains, deltas, water gaps, canyons, valleys, dunes, and landslides. It explains that runoff is water flowing over the surface of the earth, tributaries are smaller streams feeding into larger rivers, and a watershed is the entire area that drains into a body of water. It also describes characteristics of different landforms such as meanders in rivers, sediment deposition in flood plains and deltas, and how canyons, valleys, and landslides are formed.
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Here are the key points about how isostatic changes have impacted the Irish landscape:
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in this ppt you all can get all knowledge about the river and its path,and view ....
anuj yadav .....hnb garhwal university
Fluvial depositional landform geomorphology
This document summarizes fluvial depositional landforms. It begins with an introduction to stream deposition and fluvial landforms. It then discusses reasons for sediment deposition including changes in slope, flow obstructions, and sediment supply. Major landforms are classified and explained, including alluvial fans/cones, braided streams, meandering belts, point bars, backswamps, floodplains, natural levees, and river deltas. Specific features of each landform like bar formation and channel abandonment are described. The document concludes by noting the geological significance of these landforms and their use for cultivation.
Naturalists at Large: Rivers watersheds
The streams found in mountains are likely young, with V-shaped valleys and steep gradients. They move fast upstream, carrying large rocks and boulders, but slow downstream where they deposit small silts and clays. This sorting process forms the soils in valleys. Grand Canyon took 1-3 million years to form as the river cut through rock. Rivers slow and widen as they approach base level, forming broad floodplains and meanders.
Geological action of river and wind.ppt
Geological action of river or Fluvial processes
The geological action of river is divided chiefly into three parts as Erosion, Transportation and Deposition.
Erosion: River erosion is mainly due to mechanical breaking down of rock fragment. The chemical action of
rivers is minimal. A wide variety of processes are involved in river erosion as follows;
a. Hydraulic action: It is the process of mechanical loosening or removal of the material by the action of the water
alone. The effectiveness of hydraulic action of a river is depends on gradient, velocity of the stream, width, depth
and shape of the channel and discharge.
b. Abrasion: The process of wearing-away of bed rock surfaces by mechanical processes such as rubbing, cutting,
scratching, grinding and polishing etc. is known as abrasion.
c. Attrition: The process of mechanical wearing and tearing of the transported rock fragments into smaller fragments
due to mutual impact and collision.
d. Cavitation: Highly turbulent rivers in rocky channels erode their beds by hydraulic plucking, in which pieces of
bed rocks are lifted out by strong eddies spiraling up around vertical axes. This sucking out of the rock pieces
produces cavities or depressions within the rock. This type of process is called cavitation.
e. Corrosion: The chemical processes of rock erosion by river water are known as corrosion or solution.
Important erosional features:
a. Potholes: These are cylindrical or bowl-like depressions in the rocky beds of streams, which are excavated in the
floors of the streams by extensive, localized abrasion. These are commonly found in softer bedrocks.
b. Water fall: These are defined as magnificent jumps made by stream or river water at certain specific parts of their
course where there is a sudden and considerable drop in the gradient of the channel.
c. River valleys: The river channel carved out by the flow of running water is commonly known as a river valley.
d. Gorges or canyons: During the river erosion, down cutting of its cannel gives rise to a deep narrow valley with
vertical or steep walls. Such a valley is termed as a gorge or canyons.
e. Escarpments: These are erosional land forms produces by rivers in regions composed of alternating beds of hard
and soft rocks. During river erosion soft rocks erode much faster than hard rocks, leaving behind steep slopes on
one side and a gentle slope on the other. The steep slope side is known as the escarpment.
Hog’s back: This is a sharp ridge like structure with high angle sides on two sides formed by harder rocks in an
inclined series of beds.
Mesa and butte: In regions of horizontal strata in which isolated portions of land is capped by a hard, erosion-
resistant bed, the erosional landforms produced will have an isolated flat-topped land area with seep sides,
commonly known as mesa. Isolated masses without flat tops are called buttes.
Transportation: A river is a most powerful agent of transportation. All the material being transported by a
Ppt river
This document discusses various landforms created by erosion from running water, including valleys, canyons, waterfalls, flood plains, meanders, ox-bow lakes, and deltas. Valleys form from faster downcutting than lateral cutting by rivers. Canyons like the Grand Canyon are very long and narrow valleys formed by the Colorado River's erosive action. Meanders are twists and turns that occur when a river's speed decreases on flood plains.
Running water as an agent of Erosion
Running water is the most powerful natural agent of erosion. It acts almost everywhere on Earth, carrying rock fragments and breaking down the crust through hydraulic action and abrasion. Streams and rivers form complex drainage systems that collectively drain precipitation from drainage basins. As rivers flow from their headwaters to their mouths, their profiles evolve from steep slopes with deep valleys and gorges to flatter slopes with more deposition. Various landforms such as waterfalls, terraces, and canyons are created through the erosive processes of running water.
The dynamics of the earth's outside
The document discusses the geological agents that shape the Earth's surface through three main processes: motion, transport, and sedimentation. It describes six key geological agents - wind, glaciers, rough waters, rivers, subsoil water, and sea - and explains the specific motions, materials transported, and sedimentation created by each one. Based on the currents shown in the photo of Getaria, the beach that would have thinner sand is the one facing away from the direction of the currents, as it would receive less new sand being transported.
fluvial_landforms.pptx, Geomorphology, Geography
Study on fluvial landforms of Geomorphology, Geography, For FYUGP (four year undergraduate program) Borholla College, Borholla, Jorhat, Assam under Dibrugarh University of Dibrugarh Assam. Submitted by Probin Mardi, 1st Semester, Department of Geography, Session- 2023-24.
Lesson 4 river features
Rivers change as they flow downstream from their source through three main stages - upper, middle, and lower course. In the upper course, erosion is dominant as the river has high energy and cuts into the landscape. In the middle course, transportation of sediment occurs as the river flows across flatter land. In the lower course near the river's mouth, deposition takes place as the river slows and loses energy, forming features like deltas.
Grade 12 notes (Geomorphology) .pdf
This document provides a summary of key concepts in geomorphology. It defines important terms like drainage basin, catchment area, river types and features. It describes different drainage patterns that form based on geology and topography. Factors that influence river discharge and landforms created by fluvial processes like meanders and waterfalls are also outlined. The document also discusses concepts like river grading, rejuvenation, and capture - how rivers gain or lose energy over time.
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Work's of river, winds, seas and their Engineering Importance
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Digital resources like CDs, DVDs, and websites provide students and teachers easy access to information. CDs can store up to 80 minutes of audio or 700MiB of data, while DVDs have higher storage capacity than CDs. Websites are made up of webpages that can be accessed through a URL and contain content in HTML format along with other elements. The digital world allows for individualized learning anywhere and anytime through various online resources.
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River
- 1. NOUSHAD EDURUKAGE GEOGRAPHY ROLL NO. 76
- 2. LANDFORMS - RUNNING WATER
- 3. RUNNING WATER Major agent of erosion. Create different landforms on the earth surface.
- 6. V-SHAPED VALLEY Inclined surface on the side of the river. Down cutting is faster than lateral cutting due of depth of river. Eg:- Grand canyon created by Colorado river, USA.
- 7. GRAND CANYON- COLORADO RIVER
- 8. WATER FALL •Vertically downfall of water from steep places •Biggest waterfall in India “jog waterfall” in Karnataka
- 9. Waterfall
- 10. FLOOD PLAINS Deposit of silt in river banks Mostly during river overflows Fertile lands for cultivation Eg:- great Indian plains
- 11. MEANDERS River flow zig-zag manner Due to less speed of flow along plain region. Curve of meander isolated known as Ox-bow Lake.
- 12. MEANDERS
- 13. DELTA Derived from Greek letter Delta Deposits seen in mouth of river. Last landforms created by river.
- 14. CONCLUSION Running water creates several landforms in earth from its beginning to end . They are V-shaped valley, waterfall, meander, floodplains, delta.
- 15. REVIEW What are the landforms created by running water ? How V- shaped valleys are formed ? Define meanders? What do you mean by flood plains ? How deltas are formed ?
- 16. BLACK BOARD SUMMARY RIVER-LANDFORMS V- shaped valley Water fall Meanders Flood plains Delta
- 17. FOLLOWUP ACTIVIES Write a note on landforms created by running water