Running Water Streams Online
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Running water is the dominant process in stream erosion and sediment transport. Streams erode bedrock and weathered material, transporting sediment in suspension, as bedload, and dissolved in the water. Sediment is deposited when stream velocity decreases due to changes in gradient, discharge, or channel characteristics. Over long time periods, streams evolve through youthful, mature, and old stages as they cut downward and widen their valleys.
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The document provides a lesson plan for teaching students about life under the sea, including the ocean food chain, different marine habitats and animals, and facts about ocean geography. The lesson aims to help students learn to recognize ocean plants and animals, understand the ocean food chain, and acknowledge that sea life is part of the global ecosystem. Materials needed include computers and a movie to enhance the learning experience.
Bodies of water
The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Water can change between liquid, solid, and gas states in this cycle. In its purest form, water is a chemical compound made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Bodies of flowing water include rivers, creeks, brooks, and canals, which vary in size and flow. Bodies of non-flowing water include oceans, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, sloughs, marshes, and estuaries, and also vary in size and salinity.
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Sec 3 Rivers
The document discusses various topics related to river drainage basins and processes:
1. It defines a drainage basin as an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries, with watersheds separating adjacent basins.
2. River patterns like dendritic, trellis, and radial are described as related to the underlying rock types.
3. Factors like river velocity, volume, and energy are discussed in relation to gradient, channel roughness, shape, basin size, vegetation, and climate.
River Changes And Landforms
The document provides information about river characteristics and landforms. It describes key features of drainage basins such as tributaries, watersheds and confluences. It explains the changes that occur along a river's long profile from upper to middle to lower course, including differences in gradient, erosion processes and landforms. Specific features of the upper course like interlocking spurs and waterfalls are also outlined. The formation of meanders and oxbow lakes in the middle course through erosion and deposition is detailed.
Geological action of river and wind.ppt
Geological action of river or Fluvial processes
The geological action of river is divided chiefly into three parts as Erosion, Transportation and Deposition.
Erosion: River erosion is mainly due to mechanical breaking down of rock fragment. The chemical action of
rivers is minimal. A wide variety of processes are involved in river erosion as follows;
a. Hydraulic action: It is the process of mechanical loosening or removal of the material by the action of the water
alone. The effectiveness of hydraulic action of a river is depends on gradient, velocity of the stream, width, depth
and shape of the channel and discharge.
b. Abrasion: The process of wearing-away of bed rock surfaces by mechanical processes such as rubbing, cutting,
scratching, grinding and polishing etc. is known as abrasion.
c. Attrition: The process of mechanical wearing and tearing of the transported rock fragments into smaller fragments
due to mutual impact and collision.
d. Cavitation: Highly turbulent rivers in rocky channels erode their beds by hydraulic plucking, in which pieces of
bed rocks are lifted out by strong eddies spiraling up around vertical axes. This sucking out of the rock pieces
produces cavities or depressions within the rock. This type of process is called cavitation.
e. Corrosion: The chemical processes of rock erosion by river water are known as corrosion or solution.
Important erosional features:
a. Potholes: These are cylindrical or bowl-like depressions in the rocky beds of streams, which are excavated in the
floors of the streams by extensive, localized abrasion. These are commonly found in softer bedrocks.
b. Water fall: These are defined as magnificent jumps made by stream or river water at certain specific parts of their
course where there is a sudden and considerable drop in the gradient of the channel.
c. River valleys: The river channel carved out by the flow of running water is commonly known as a river valley.
d. Gorges or canyons: During the river erosion, down cutting of its cannel gives rise to a deep narrow valley with
vertical or steep walls. Such a valley is termed as a gorge or canyons.
e. Escarpments: These are erosional land forms produces by rivers in regions composed of alternating beds of hard
and soft rocks. During river erosion soft rocks erode much faster than hard rocks, leaving behind steep slopes on
one side and a gentle slope on the other. The steep slope side is known as the escarpment.
Hog’s back: This is a sharp ridge like structure with high angle sides on two sides formed by harder rocks in an
inclined series of beds.
Mesa and butte: In regions of horizontal strata in which isolated portions of land is capped by a hard, erosion-
resistant bed, the erosional landforms produced will have an isolated flat-topped land area with seep sides,
commonly known as mesa. Isolated masses without flat tops are called buttes.
Transportation: A river is a most powerful agent of transportation. All the material being transported by a
Fluvial Geomorphology
This document discusses fluvial landscapes and processes. It begins by defining base level as the lowest level a river can erode down to, which is ultimately sea level. It then describes how above base level, rivers engage in downcutting and have more energy for erosion. Closer to base level, rivers meander laterally and deposit material. Common landforms include meandering streams, floodplains, deltas, and entrenched meanders formed by tectonic uplift. The document also discusses drainage patterns, watersheds, stream flow, fluvial processes of erosion and deposition, and flooding events.
Streams and Floods
Streams erode, transport, and deposit sediment as they flow downhill. Their patterns are controlled by geology and climate. Meandering streams form point bars on inside bends as faster flow on outsides erodes the banks. During floods, sediment is deposited in floodplains and deltas form where streams enter standing water. Over geological time, streams deepen valleys and widen them through lateral erosion.
L1 River Processes
The document discusses several key river processes including erosion, transportation, deposition, and the hydrological cycle. It describes the main forces that shape rivers as they flow downstream such as erosion processes like hydraulic action and abrasion. It also explains how rivers transport sediment loads through traction, saltation, and suspension. Finally, it discusses how and why rivers deposit material based on changes in gradient, volume, and speed.
River Landform
Rivers have distinct features along their upper, middle, and lower courses. In the upper course, the river flows through a V-shaped valley with steep sides, eroding vertically. Meanders begin to form in the middle course as the river erodes more horizontally and widens the valley floor. In the lower course, the river flows through a wide, flat floodplain with features like oxbow lakes formed from abandoned meander loops.
EROSION AND DEPOSITION.pptx topic on soil
erosion and deposition is a topic on soil essential to the sudy in both science and environmental science
Fluvial/River Processes
Here are the key points about how isostatic changes have impacted the Irish landscape:
- Isostatic changes refer to vertical movements of the Earth's crust due to adjustments in land masses following the melting of ice sheets during glacial periods.
- During the last ice age, much of Ireland was depressed under thick ice sheets, weighing the land surface down. As the ice melted about 10,000 years ago, the land began to rise again in a process known as isostatic rebound.
- This caused rivers to be elevated above their original base levels. Many rivers underwent rejuvenation as they cut downwards, forming features like waterfalls, incised meanders and terraces along their courses as they
Fluvial process
Fluvial processes create distinct landforms over time as a river ages. In the youth stage, the river valley is narrow with steep sides. Meanders begin to form in the maturity stage as the river widens and deepens. In the old stage, the river flows across a flat floodplain as it approaches being a featureless plain. Distinct landforms are produced at each stage as the river's erosional and depositional activities change.
Fluvial landforms
This document discusses different types of erosional and depositional landforms created by river processes. It describes landforms such as V-shaped valleys and waterfalls that are created by erosion, and floodplains and deltas that are formed by deposition. It also explains the factors that influence fluvial erosion and the formation of various erosional features like interlocking spurs, rapids, and potholes.
Fluvial landforms-for-site-docx
The document describes various fluvial landforms found in the upper course of a river. Vertical erosion dominates and produces V-shaped valleys with interlocking spurs. Rapids and waterfalls form where the gradient suddenly increases, such as at bands of harder rock. Potholes are eroded by spinning pebbles in eddies and widen/deepen through abrasion. Braided channels occur where rivers carry large sand/gravel loads that deposit as shifting bars and islands, dividing the channel.
Fluvial landforms-for-site-docx
The document describes various fluvial landforms found in the upper course of a river. Vertical erosion dominates and produces steep V-shaped valleys with interlocking spurs. Rapids and waterfalls form where the gradient suddenly increases, such as at bands of resistant rock. Potholes are formed by abrasion of pebbles rotating in eddies, deepening and widening holes in the rock. Braided channels occur where rivers carry large loads of sediment that deposit as shifting bars and islands, dividing the channel.
Rivers Revision
This document provides information about rivers and flooding, including:
1) It discusses the hydrological cycle and river landforms like meanders, ox-bow lakes, and deltas. Biological, freeze-thaw, and chemical weathering are explained.
2) Methods for managing flooding are examined, including both "hard" options like building flood defenses, and "softer" options like restoring floodplains.
3) Practice questions are provided about river features and processes like waterfall formation. Diagrams and explanations of answers are given.
Rivers revision
This document provides information about rivers and flooding, including:
1) It discusses various river landforms and processes like meanders, floodplains, estuaries, and deltas. It also explains how v-shaped valleys and waterfalls are formed.
2) It covers causes of flooding like rainfall, soil permeability, and human impacts such as deforestation, farming, and urbanization.
3) It introduces hard and soft flood management options and provides examples like flood defenses and restoring natural floodplains. Practice questions are included about these topics.
Geography fluvial landforms
Stream capture, also known as river capture or stream piracy, is the process where a river or stream redirects its flow and starts flowing into another river's drainage basin instead of continuing into its own basin. This can occur where two drainage basins are separated by an erosion-resistant divide that is breached by headward erosion of one of the streams. Once the divide is breached, the stream will capture the tributaries of the neighboring basin and divert its entire flow into the new course. Stream capture events can result in changes to drainage patterns over time.
Grade 12 notes (Geomorphology) .pdf
This document provides a summary of key concepts in geomorphology. It defines important terms like drainage basin, catchment area, river types and features. It describes different drainage patterns that form based on geology and topography. Factors that influence river discharge and landforms created by fluvial processes like meanders and waterfalls are also outlined. The document also discusses concepts like river grading, rejuvenation, and capture - how rivers gain or lose energy over time.
Fluvial featuresy13ib geography
The document discusses key concepts related to fluvial landforms and their formation by erosion and depositional processes. It focuses on students understanding the relationship between landforms and the fluvial processes that shape them, including the formation of waterfalls, meanders, flood plains, braided channels, levees, and deltas. Key concepts are erosion, deposition, slope erosion, stream erosion, and how these shape features like channels, banks, and overall fluvial landscapes over time.
River Channel Processes & Landforms
The document discusses river channel processes and landforms, including:
1. River processes like erosion, transportation, and deposition shape landforms through sediment movement.
2. Velocity and discharge impact a river's ability to erode, transport, or deposit materials based on the Hjulström curve.
3. Meanders, floodplains, and deltas are examples of landforms formed by fluvial erosion and deposition that impact human settlements.
River erosion
This document outlines key features of river erosion and river systems. It begins with a longitudinal profile diagram showing how a river's gradient is steepest at the headwaters and gentlest near the base level. It then discusses drainage patterns like dendritic and trellis. Common river features like meanders and waterfalls are also explained. The document covers the erosional work of rivers through processes like abrasion and hydraulic action. Methods of sediment transportation like suspension and traction are outlined. Stages in river development from youthful to mature to old age are also summarized.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
ここ3000字までしか入らないけどタイトルの方がたくさん文字入ると思います。
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
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Running Water Streams Online
- 6. Types of sediment load
- 12. Base Level
- 18. Stream Development and Deposition
- 21. Braided and Dendritic Stream Images
- 22. Stream Piracy (arrow = headward erosion of divide)
- 23. Stream Order
- 25. Drainage Divides and Drainage Basin Images
- 35. Delta and Alluvial Fans