renal stone disease
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Kidney stones, also known as renal calculi, are small, hard deposits that form in the kidneys from mineral and acid salts. The most common types are calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones. Symptoms include severe flank or abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and blood in the urine. Diagnosis involves blood and urine tests, CT scans, x-rays, and ultrasounds. Treatment focuses on pain management and preventing recurrence by increasing fluid intake and modifying diet. Invasive procedures may sometimes be necessary to remove larger stones.
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renal stone disease
- 1. The university of Georgia Radiology Atheer Ahmed 1330129 Renal stone disease
- 2. Definition Kidney Stones are small, hard deposits of mineral and acid salts on the inner surfaces of the kidneys Alternative names include: Renal Lithiasis Renal Calculi Nephrolithiasis (Kidney Stone Disease) Stones are classified by their location in the urinary system and their composition of crystals.
- 6. Types of Stones Calcium Oxalate Most common Calcium Phosphate Struvite More common in woman than men. Uric Acid Caused by high protein diet and gout. Cystine Fairly uncommon; generally linked to a hereditary disorder.
- 7. Signs and Symptoms Severe flank pain Abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting Fatigue Elevated temperature, BP, and respirations UA positive for RBC Objective Data: perspiration, clutching of the abdomen, doubled-over. Steady Pain Left flank tendernes http://knol.google.com/k/-/-/27ifsyywko3wx/sqc1f9/kidneystonesymptoms.jpg
- 8. Diagnostic Test and Diagnostics: Blood Analysis Urine Analysis CT Scan Abdominal x-ray Ultrasound Retrograde Pyelogram Cystoscopy Intravenous pyelography http://knol.google.com/k/-/-/PYwIQr_i/GXb8Fg/Stone%20CT.jpg
- 9. Treatment Two Focuses of Treatment: Treatment of acute problems, such as pain, n/v, etc Identify cause and prevent kidney stones from reoccurring Acute Treatment: Pain Medication!!! Strain urine for stones Keep Hydrated Ambulation Diet Restrictions Emotional Support Invasive Procedure (may be necessary) http://www.free-press-release.com/members/members_pic/200906/img/1245774370.jpg
Editor's Notes
- When oxalate combines with calcium, which prevents the oxalate from being absorbed in the intestinal tract. It then goes through the kidneys where is can pose a problem. Stones classified by majority of crystal that they are composed of. Foods high is oxalate, rhubarb, star fruit, beets, beet greens, collards, okra, refried beans, spinach, Swiss chard, sweet potatoes, sesame seeds, almonds and soy products, vitamin D, metabolic disorders, and bypass surgery increase calcium oxalate concentration in urine.
- pain typically starts at side or back, just below your ribs, and radiates to ones lower abdomen and groin. Often begins when stone reaches ureters
- Blood analyis-look at calcium levels Intravenous pyelography: A contrast dye is injected into a vein in your arm and a series of X-rays is taken as the dye moves through your kidneys, ureters and bladder. Helps determine stone location and extent of blockage. Not for pt with renal failure.
- do not need to over-hydrate since stone has already formed (2000-2200 ml/day) -encourage patient to keep mobile to promote movement of the stone from the upper to lower part of the ureter. Avoid foods high in ____: depends on the type of stone.