Premium Call Girls Cottonpet Whatsapp 7001035870 Independent Escort Service
vitamin D
1. The universiTy of GeorGia
aTheer ahmed 1330129
endocrinoloGy
viTamin d
2. MAIN FUNCTIONS
Vitamins are essential to the body:
To maintain health
To help prevent deficiency diseases such as Beriberi (weakened muscles,
heart, nerves and digestive system) and rickets (softening of the bones)
To regulate the repair of body cells
To help combat the ageing process
To help to process carbohydrates and release energy in the body
3. Fat Soluble
Can be stored in body - regular
supply not needed
Can accumulate to toxic levels if
large amounts ingested
Fairly stable at normal cooking
temperatures
4. What is Vitamin D
Vitamin D (calciferol) comprises
a group of fat soluble seco-
sterols found naturally only in a
few foods, such as fish-liver oils,
fatty fish, mushrooms, egg yolks,
and liver.
5. Vitamin D -
Functions
Absorption and laying down of
calcium and phosphorous in bones and
teeth
Regulates calcium balance between
bones and blood
Prevents rickets
7. Effects of deficiency
•*Rickets in children and *osteomalacia
in adults
Osteoporosis
* Conditions where bones are soft and
cannot take weight of body
•Dental caries
Bones become light, less dense and
prone to fractures
8. Symptoms
•Increased risk of death
from cardiovascular
diseases
•Cognitive impairment in
older adults
•Severe asthma in children
•Cancer
9. Diagnostic of Vitamin D
-k of dietary intake
quate sunlight exposure
-Malabsorptive
diseases - Celiac
sprue, short bowel
syndrome, cystic
fibrosis
stage liver disease
10. Treatment of vitamin D
-Oral calciferol (ergocalciferol or colecalciferol),
calcium supplementation for first few weeks of
therapy, investigate family members.
-Calciferol (10,000 IU daily or 300,000 IU IM
monthly if severe malabsorption), lifelong
supplementation unless reversible risk
factor.
11. References
1.Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for
Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2010.
2.Cranney C, Horsely T, O'Donnell S, Weiler H, Ooi D, Atkinson S, et al.
Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment
No. 158 prepared by the University of Ottawa Evidence-based Practice Center
under Contract No. 290-02.0021. AHRQ Publication No. 07-E013. Rockville, MD:
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2007. [PubMed abstract]
3.Holick MF. Vitamin D. In: Shils ME, Shike M, Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins
RJ, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 10th ed. Philadelphia:
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006.
4.Norman AW, Henry HH. Vitamin D. In: Bowman BA, Russell RM, eds. Present
Knowledge in Nutrition, 9th ed. Washington DC: ILSI Press, 2006.
5.Jones G. Pharmacokinetics of vitamin D toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88:582S-
6S. [PubMed abstract]
