Kidney stones form when minerals in urine crystallize and accumulate in the kidneys. The document discusses the types, causes, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of kidney stones. Calcium, uric acid, and struvite stones are the most common types. Risk factors include dehydration and family history. Symptoms include flank pain and blood in the urine. Treatment involves pain medication, increased fluid intake, and sometimes surgical procedures like lithotripsy to break up stones.
Gas is air in the digestive tract. Gas leaves the body when people burp through the mouth or pass gas through the anus - the opening at the end of the digestive tract where stool leaves the body.
Everyone has gas. Burping and passing gas are normal. Many people believe that they burp or pass gas too often and that they have too much gas. Having too much gas is rare.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disorders:
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/gas_ez/
Slide set that accompanied a public lecture on Nutrients and Bone Health held in London September 2011. The lecture focused on the importance of diet and lifestyle in maintaining healthy bone and preventing osteoporosis. Aspects of diagnosis are reviewed and the use of bone markers to indicate bone turnover are discussed in relation to monitoring the response to treatment.
Gas is air in the digestive tract. Gas leaves the body when people burp through the mouth or pass gas through the anus - the opening at the end of the digestive tract where stool leaves the body.
Everyone has gas. Burping and passing gas are normal. Many people believe that they burp or pass gas too often and that they have too much gas. Having too much gas is rare.
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disorders:
http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/gas_ez/
Slide set that accompanied a public lecture on Nutrients and Bone Health held in London September 2011. The lecture focused on the importance of diet and lifestyle in maintaining healthy bone and preventing osteoporosis. Aspects of diagnosis are reviewed and the use of bone markers to indicate bone turnover are discussed in relation to monitoring the response to treatment.
BPH also called as benign prostate hypertrophy. #nursing #nursinglecture #study #teaching. This includes the nursing care plan and management. share to others. Only for study purpose.
This presentation simplifies the understanding of Bones, different disorders related to bones, its prevention and care. It also explains the Must have diet and must avoid food.
Kidney stone disease, also known as urolithiasis, is when a solid piece of material (kidney stone) occurs in the urinary tract. Kidney stones typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. A small stone may pass without causing symptoms.
BPH also called as benign prostate hypertrophy. #nursing #nursinglecture #study #teaching. This includes the nursing care plan and management. share to others. Only for study purpose.
This presentation simplifies the understanding of Bones, different disorders related to bones, its prevention and care. It also explains the Must have diet and must avoid food.
Kidney stone disease, also known as urolithiasis, is when a solid piece of material (kidney stone) occurs in the urinary tract. Kidney stones typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. A small stone may pass without causing symptoms.
Nephrolithiasis is the term employed for kidney stones, also known as renal calculi, and they are crystal concretions formed typically in the kidney. Calculi typically form in the kidneys and ideally leave the body via the urethra without pain. Larger stones are painful and may need surgical intervention
Kidney Stones Causes, Symptoms and treatment options.pptxSaket Narnoli
Kidney stones, often caused by diet and dehydration, lead to intense pain, blood in urine, and urinary issues. Treatment varies from hydration and pain relief to surgical procedures.
SSurocare as the best choice for kidney stone treatment in Bangalore. Also we provide kidney stone removal at affordable cost Bangalore, Visit for advanced treatment of kidney stone surgery.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
3. INTRODUCTION
Kidney Stones, also known as
renal calculus or nephrolith, are
small, hard deposits of mineral and
acid salts on the inner surfaces of
the kidneys.
If stones grow to sufficient size they
can cause blockage of the ureter.
kidney-------- stone (calcium)
gall bladder---- stone (cholesterol
oxalates)
intestine ------- jejunum (hard
substance)
4. INCIDENCE
Urinary calculi are more common in men
than in women.
Incidence of urinary calculi peaks
between the 3rd and 5th decades of life.
80% of stones under 2mm in size
90% of stones pass through the urinary
system spontaneously
There is seasonal variation with stone
occurring more often in the summer
months suspecting the role of dehydration
in this process.
5. STONE
FORMATION
Highly concentrated urine
constituents crystallize and
harden to form calculi.
Kidney stones form when our
urine contains more crystal-
forming substances — such as
calcium, oxalate and uric acid.
At the same time, our urine
may lack substances that
prevent crystals from sticking
together, creating an ideal
environment for kidney stones
to form.
The crystals get deposited on
the nucleus and continue to
grow. These can some times
adhere to the renal papillae.
8. Calcium stones: Most kidney stones are calcium
stones, usually in the form of calcium oxalate and calcium
phosphate. Oxalate is a naturally occurring substance
found in food. Some fruits and vegetables, as well as
nuts and chocolate, have high oxalate levels. Our liver
also produces oxalate.
IN ALKALINE URINE
ENLARGES RAPIDLY
TAKE SHAPE OF CALYCES
STAGHORN
CALCIUM PHOSPHATE
9. Uric Acid: This type of kidney stone is more
common in men than in women. They can occur
in people with gout or those going through
chemotherapy.
Struvite: This type of stone is found mostly in
women with urinary tract infection. These stones
can be quite large and cause urinary obstruction.
Cystine: Cystine stones are rare. They occur in
both men and women who have the genetic
disorder cystinuria.
Other: Other, rarer types of kidney stones also can
occur. Such as XANTHINE STONES, DIHYDROXY
ADENINE STONE, SILICATE STONES etc.
10.
11. CLINICAL
MANIFESTATIONS
Severe flank pain
Abdominal pain
Nausea and vomiting
Fatigue
Elevated temperature, BP, and respirations
Steady Pain
Pain on urination; Pink, red or brown urine
Oliguria and anuria in obstruction
Hematuria
Renal colic
Hydronephrosis
12. CAUSES Supersaturation of urine is
the key to stone formation
Imbalance of pH in urine
Gout
Hyperparathyroidism
Inflammatory Bowel
Disease
UTI (Urinary Tract
Infections)
Dehydration
Crystal aggregation
14. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
• Slow urine flow, resulting in super saturation of the urine.
• Damage to the lining of the urinary tract
• Decreased inhibitor substances in the urine that would otherwise
prevent super saturation and crystalline aggregation.
19. PREVENTION
• Hydration
• Drink 3 liters of fluid per day (14 cups)
• Ideally water
• Lemonade (citrate
decrease stone
formation)
• Diet
• Low sodium & calcium intake.
• Avoid intake of oxalate-containing
foods (eg, spinach,strawberries,
rhubarb, tea, peanuts, wheat bran).
• Low protein intake is required.
• Exercise/Increase Activity
• -Avoid activities leading to sudden
increases in environmental temperatures
that may cause excessive sweating and
dehydration.
21. MEDICATIONS
Pain relief may require
narcotic medications. The
presence of infection requires
treatment with antibiotics.
Other medications include:
allopurinol for uric acid
stones
diuretics
sodium bicarbonate or
sodium citrate
phosphorus solutions
