Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited condition marked by cyst formation and kidney enlargement, leading to kidney failure and other complications. It can present symptoms such as blood in urine, abdominal pain, and frequent urination, with three types: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and acquired cystic kidney disease. Diagnosis involves imaging techniques, and treatments focus on symptom management and may include medications, dietary changes, or surgery.

2. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is an inherited kidney disease.
It is denoted by cysts formation in the kidney and enlargement
of the kidney.
 It is the 4th leading cause of kidney failure
 It can also cause developing cysts in the liver and other
complication
 It impairs kidney function and eventually lead to kidney
damage and failure

3. Certain symptoms of polycystic kidney disease may
include:
 Blood in urine
 Frequent urination
 Pain in the abdomen and back
 Slight feeling of heaviness in the back
 Kidney stones
 Pale skin colour
 Skin that bruises easily
 Joint pain
 Nail abnormalities
 Fatigue
 Urinary tract infections

4. The cause of Polycystic Kidney Disease is mostly inherited, But less
commonly, it can occur in person who can previously any kidney
diseases.
There are three types of Polycystic Kidney Disease:
 Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease - Also called adult
polycystic kidney disease and account for 90% of cases. Someone
who has a parent with polycystic kidney disease has 50% chance of
developing such condition
 Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease - It is a much less
common type of polycystic kidney disease. Here, both the parent
should have polycystic kidney disease to develop polycystic kidney
disease for children.The person will have no symptom for polycystic
kidney disease if one gene is present.
 Acquired cystic kidney disease- It is not inherited and usually occurs in
life. It may develop to patients who have other kidney problems.

5. A family history and knowing the symptoms can help the
doctor to diagnose polycystic kidney disease. Certain diagnose
techniques may include:
 Abdominal ultrasound- Imaging technique to look for the cysts
in kidney
 Abdominal CT scan- Imaging technique which can detect small
cysts in the kidney
 Abdominal MRI scan-Technique which visualize kidney
structures and look for cysts
 Intravenous pyleogram- Contrast dye which is used to look for
blood vessels more clearly in X-ray.

6. Some treatments can be used to decrease certain symptoms,
which may include:
 Pain medication to decrease pain I abdomen and back
 Blood pressure medication to decrease blood pressure
 Antibiotics which will treat urinary tract infection (UTI)
 A low sodium diet
 Surgery to cut cysts and can relieve symptoms
 Diuretics to help remove excess fluid from the body.

7. Certain complications can occur due to polycystic kidney
disease, such as:
 Cysts in liver, pancreas and testicles
 Cataracts and blindness
 Liver failure
 Kidney stones
 Cardiovascular diseases
 Bleeding and bursting of cysts
 Brain or aortic aneurysms
 Anaemia

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