1) Amoebic abscess is a complication of amoebic dysentery caused by the protozoa Entamoeba histolytica entering the liver via the portal vein.
2) Within the liver, the protozoa causes thrombosis, infarction and cytolytic activity resulting in the formation of a large, viscous abscess that often appears reddish-brown in color.
3) Symptoms include fever, abdominal pain localized to the liver, and tender hepatomegaly. Diagnosis is confirmed by abscess aspiration which reveals anchovy sauce-like pus.
Explanation of what splenomegaly is in relation to its dimension deviation from normal spleen.Classification of splenomegaly according to it's size in adult and pediatric. The causes of splenomegaly along with the symptom that would manifest as a result of this anomaly. Lastly, diagnosis of splenomegaly
Explanation of what splenomegaly is in relation to its dimension deviation from normal spleen.Classification of splenomegaly according to it's size in adult and pediatric. The causes of splenomegaly along with the symptom that would manifest as a result of this anomaly. Lastly, diagnosis of splenomegaly
Pyelonephritis
It is the inflammation of the kidney & upper urinary tract that usually results from the bacterial infection of the bladder.
Pyelonephritis can be classified in several different catagories:
-acute pyelonephritis
-chronic pyelonephritis
-xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis
It is the inflammation of the kidney & upper urinary tract that usually results from the bacterial infection of the bladder.
Pyelonephritis can be classified in several different catagories:
-acute pyelonephritis
-chronic pyelonephritis
-xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
This is a lecture note for 5th-semester MBBS students. Lecture notes on hepatology, liver disease, and liver abscess. Introduction to a liver abscess, pyogenic liver abscess, causes, approach and management of liver abscess.
In this presentation, I discussed the various liver swellings- both cystic and solid swellings. Cystic lumps are Pyogenic liver abscess, Amebic liver abscess and hydatid cyst. Benign solid swellings are Hepatic adenoma, Focal nodular hyperplasia and Hemangioma. The malignant solid swelings are secondary carcinoma of the liver, primary Hepatocellular carcinoma and Hepatoblastoma.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
2. Amoebic abscess is a complication of amoebic
dysentry which is caused by entamoeba histolytica.
Pathology:
The protozoa passes from the colonic lesion via the
portal vein into the liver, usually into the upper and
posterior portions of right lobe
Liver infection begins with intrahepatic portal
thrombosis and infarction, the cytolytic activity starts
and leads to liquefaction of the surrounding stromal
and parenchymal structures, resulting in formation of
large single abscess.
30% have more than one abscess.
3. Gross appearance:
Liver is usually enlarged
The liquefied material within the
abscess is characteristically viscid
and semitransparent. Content is
mixture of rbcs, leucocytes, broken
down liver cells and this looks
reddish brown coloured and is
described as choclate sauce or
anchovy sauce.
In early cases, wall of abscess is thin
with little fibrosis whereas older
cases have a fibrous capsule.
4. Microscopically: 3 zones are recognized,
1) Central necrotic zone
2) Middle zone showing destruction of
parenchymal cells
3) Outer zone which is adjacent to the
fibrous capsule and in which amoeba
are demonstrated, earlier the stage more
likely that the amoeba will be found.
Secondary infection with
staphylococci, streptococci and
Esterechia coli is found in half the cases
otherwise the pus is sterile.
5. Clinical features:
Amoebic abscess develops after attack of amoebic
dysentry
It may also develop even in a carrier who hasn’t shown
definite symptoms and signs of amoebic dysentry
Though anemia and loss of eight are first to appear, yet
the typical symptoms are
Fever- upto 39”C or even more particularly at
night, associated with chills and sweating. Unless its
complicated by secondary infection the temperature is
usually less than that of pyogenic.
Pain- is usually felt over the right lower
intercostal spaces but the site of pain is usually related
to the location of hepatic abscess.
6. Superior surface abscess may cause pain
referred to the right shoulder
Tender hepatomegaly is often seen,
tenderness and rigidity is felt just below the
right costal margin. If left lobe is involved
then tender swelling in epigastrium
Unfortunately only one-third to half the
patients offer history of previous diarrhoea,
clinical jaundice is rare, abnormal pulmonary
signs may also be looked for.
7. Complications: Prognosis is better then
pyogenic but if untreated, it may burst into
a) Right pleural cavity- resulting in empyema
b) Right lung- causig bronchohepatic fistula,
lung abscess or pneumonia
c) Peritoneal cavity or even the pericardial
cavity if there is single large abscess of the
left lobe
Rarely, the amoebic abscess may
extend into kidney as well.
8. Investigations:
Blood examination- leucocytosis in early cases,
anemia in chronic cases
Serological tests like Indirect hemagglutination and
Complement fixation tests to detect antibodies are
useful. Negative titres exclude amoebic abscess as a
diagnostic possibility.
Diagnosis is 100% confirmed by aspiration of liver
abscess, anchovy sauce is quiet diagnostic
Sigmoidoscopy reveals characteristic amoebic ulcers
Radiography often reveals elevation and fixation of
right half of diaphragm
Liver function tests and examination of stool for
amoebae and are not useful.
9. Treatment: Management of amoebic abscess is
mainly drug therapy with amoebicidal drugs, few
abscesses particularly the large ones may require
needle aspiration.
Amoebicidal drugs-
Metronidazole which acts on both intestinal and
hepatic amoebiasis is drug of choice, given as 750
mg orally TID for 5 to 10 days
Emetine, dehydroemetine and chloroquine are
alternatives
Patients who continue to pass cysts in their stools
after a course of metronidazole may benefit from
diloxanide furoate or di-iodohydroxyquinolone.
10. Needle aspiration- Indications are
Persistence of clinical features of amoebic abscess
following a course of amoebicidal drugs
Clinical or radiological evidence of
presence of hepatic abscess
Drug therapy should be instituted several
days before aspiration, no drug should be injected
directly into the abscess cavity.
Technique- Should be done in OT under
guidance of USG or CT, long needle with wide
bore is selected. Preferred route is through 9th
ICS
or 10th
ICS between anterior and posterior axillary
line.
11. Surgical drainage of abscess: This carries great
morbidity and mortality, its only indicated
when abscess is secondarily infected as evident
by needle aspiration
amoebic peritonitis