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Renal function tests
The document discusses various functions of the kidney and renal function tests. The kidney functions include excretion of waste, regulation of salt/water balance, regulation of acid-base balance, and production of hormones. Renal function tests provide information on glomerular function, renal blood flow, and tubular function. Common tests include urine analysis, creatinine clearance tests, urea clearance tests, and inulin clearance tests which help assess glomerular filtration rate and renal function.
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Renal function tests
- 2. Formation of urine asthe waste product Excretion of NPN substances Regulation of salt & water balance Regulation of acid-base balance Production of Hormones Functions of KIDNEY
- 3. Assessment of the extentof renal damage Monitoring the progression of renal damage Monitoring and adjusting the dose of renal toxic drugs Renal Function Tests –required for……
- 4. Renal blood flow GFR Renal glomeruli function Renaltubular function Urinary output RFTs give information regarding…….
- 5. 1. Urine analysis 2.Tests for assessment of glomerular function 3. Tests to measure renal plasma flow 4. Tests for assessment of tubular function
- 6.
- 7. Renal clearance test Blood ureaand serum creatinine Proteinuria Haematuria RFT
- 8. Renal clearance ofa substance is defined as the volume of plasma from which the substance is completely cleared by the kidneys per minute
- 9. • Endogenous creatinineand urea • Exogenous inulin Substances used for clearance test Renal clearance test used to assess the rate of glomerular filtration and renal blood flow
- 10. Creatinine • Based onthe rate of excretion by the kidneys of metabolically produced creatinine Creatinine clearance test Creatinine
- 11.
- 12. Normal Sensitivity of the testis less 75ml/min 40% filtered urea is reabsorbed Urea clearance test
- 13. Normal Method of choice fordetermination of GFR 120ml/min Freely filtered & neither reabsorbed nor secreted by tubules Inulin clearance test
- 14.
- 15. Blood urea 20- 40mg/dl S.creatinine 0.6- 1.2mg/dl
- 16. Renal clearance test Blood ureaand serum creatinine Haematuria RFT
- 17. • Proteinuria inurine is an indicator of leaky glomeruli • 30-300mg/day is called microalbuminuria • Microalbuminuria is the earliest sign of renal damage Small amount of protein usually less than 30mg/day, is found in urine
- 18. Renal clearance test Blood ureaand serum creatinine Proteinuria RFT
- 19. Intact glomerulus doesnot allow the passage of RBC. Glomerular damage, RBC leakage occurs
- 20. Urine concentration test Urinedilution test Specific proteinuria or Tubular proteinuria Glycosuria Amino aciduria
Editor's Notes
- #11 Cx = (UxV)/P Cx is clearance of a substance x, Ux and Px are concentrations of the substance in urine and plasma respectively, and V the volume of urine per unit time. In estimating clearance, concentration and volume units must be consistent. For example, if urine creatinine concentration is 70 mg/dL and volume is 2000 mL/day, urine creatinine must also be expressed in mg/mL, not mg/dL. So the total amount excreted is: 0.7 mg/mL × 2000 mL/day = 1400 mg/day. A clearance in mL/24 hours can be converted to a clearance in mL/min by dividing the value by 1440, since 24 hours equals 1440 minutes. Quick Formulas for the Calculation of Clearance When calculating a 24-hour clearance in mL/min, urine creatinine excretion may be expressed in g/24 hours instead of mg/24 hours while expressing the plasma creatinine as mg/dL instead of mg/mL. The incorrect use of these units can be rectified by multiplying the final result by 1000 (for using g instead of mg) and then by 100 (for using mg/dL instead of mg/mL). A further correction requires dividing the value by 1440 in order to convert a 24-hour clearance value to a value in mL/min as follows ( Carroll, 1989 ): (14-7) Cx = UxV (g/24 hours)/Px (mg/dL) × 100 000 × 1/1440 Since 100 000/1440 = 70: (14-8) Cx (mL/min) = Ux (g/day) × 70/Px (mg/dL)