The Renaissance began in Florence, Italy in the 15th century and spread across Europe over the next two centuries. City planning during this period was influenced by a revival of classical Roman styles and an emphasis on order, symmetry, and harmony. Notable examples include Florentine architects like Brunelleschi designing buildings based on mathematical proportions and symmetrical facades, and the multi-century project to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome according to Renaissance precepts. This new approach to architecture and city planning had a significant impact across Italy and eventually the rest of Europe.

1. RENAISSANCE

2. Location
• RENAISSANCE (1400 AD-1600 AD)

3. Geography
• Renaissance began in Florence,
Italy in the early fifteenth
century, encompassing Rome and
Milan, Netherlands, and spread
to the rest of Europe and after
125yrs it reached France.
• The Renaissance began to spread
after 1500s to England, Germany,
France, Spain, Poland, and the
Netherlands.

4. Geography
Italy during the start of the
Renaissance 1350-1600 AD
Europe during the renaissance period
1500 AD
Europe during the renaissance period
1650 AD

5. Impactof city planningin neighboringstates
• Florence, the “birthplace” of the Renaissance, early exhibited a sensate use of the Renaissance tools of city renewal and design.
• Originally a Roman camp, laid out on a grid pattern, the later rapid growth of the city was along roads beyond the grid, and was
disorderly.
• The five great district churches, Santa Maria Novella, Santa Croce, Il Carmen, Santissima Annunciata, and Santa Espirito, became the
focal points around which the life of the city was organized.
• The street system was as such that it interconnected the major church buildings , with a careful integration of new and old buildings ,
throughout the renaissance.
• Other states starting adopted the planning methods.
• Like in Rome architect, Dominico Fontana, planned to establish a major street system interconnecting the seven pilgrimage churches
of Rome. Such an operation would both relieve traffic problems and impress visitors to the city, making all of Rome a single “holy
shrine”.
• The most important city of Southern Italy has been Naples. Rapid growth away from the classical grid pattern centre of the city,
combined with a royalty which had vastly increased its physical domain and temporal powers, brought forth a need to give the
overall city a common bonding arrangement during the 16th Century. To this end, a relatively straight street was constructed to
connect the “country” palace in the hills behind the city with the “city” palace, which was located in close proximity to the harbor.

6. • CHARACTERSTICS:
• The preoccupation with symmetry, and the creation of balanced axial compositions were central motifs.
• Also of great importance was the placement of monumental buildings, obelisks, and statues at the ends of long, straight streets.
• On the basis of their traffic functions Renaissance urban spaces can be grouped under three broad headings:
• first, traffic space, forming part of the main urban route system and used by both pedestrians and horsedrawn vehicles
• second, residential space, intended for local access traffic only and with a predominantly pedestrian recreational purpose
• third, pedestrian space, from which wheeled traffic was normally excluded.
• The monument at the end is recompense, as it were, for walking along a straight road (devoid of the surprises and romantic charm of
the twisting streets) and economies are met by keeping the fronting buildings plain so as to enhance the climax--private simplicity
and public magnificence

7. significance
Perspective was commenced in city planning in
order to create symmetrical buildings that led to a
form of beauty making the Renaissance cities
distinctive and unique from their Medieval
antecedents.
The urban centers of this generation also carried a
purpose exceeding that of purely a residence – as
an art gallery to showcase the artistic taste of its
partisans.
Furthermore, the application of idealism into
construction led to new mathematical ways of
designing the city. In collaboration with the
implementation of perspective within
construction, buildings were built using the
‘perfect shapes’: squares and circles.
The two combined to form a uniquely disciplined
building style that firmly set Renaissance
architecture as one of the most idiosyncratic yet
uncomplicated constructing methods in
architectural history.
Florence cathedral, Italy
Capella del
pazzi

8. Culture and it impacton Architectureand City Planning
• The Renaissance was not only a cultural movement associated with arts
but also associated with the study of ancient Greek and Latin works.
• There was invention of new techniques and a new way of representing old
ideas and classic works, as well as creating new ones.
• The Renaissance became a time in which poets, writers, artists, sculptors
and architects were widely recognized and valued as important
contributors of the society
• That was not the case during the earlier years. People did not appreciate
literature as they did in the renaissance.
• The reasons being there were not many books that had been printed in
the vernacular. Most books were printed in Greek or Latin and to be
interpreted to the common people by means of the church or highly
educated scholars.
• Artists and Architects also help spread the idea of Renaissance. The
Renaissance was greatly focused on the individual and classics. Sculptors,
Artists and Architects combined classic ideas with the humanist idea of
emphasis on an individual. Sculptors focused on creating their subjects as
they would be in a particular moment. Two major sculptors of the age were
Donatello and Michelangelo.
• Architects of the Renaissance age began to move away from the Gothic
style that had originated from France and turn to more older Roman styles.
Fillipo Brunelleschi one of the first great architects of the Renaissance. The
Brunelleschi Dome he designed was one of the largest during that time.
The reconstruction of St Peter took two centuries and was finally complete
in the 1600’s. Many architects focused on proportions, symmetry and
perspective.

9. Culture and it impacton Architectureand City Planning
• For Painters of the renaissance age it was
harder for them to look for inspiration in
ancient artwork as there was not many works
to study. Instead they got inspiration from
classical sculptors.
• Earlier paintings had been of two dimensional
figures and focused on blank backgrounds and
combined many scenes in one painting.
Renaissance paintings focused on one
particular moment or scene in a three
dimensional. Painters of the Renaissance
researched perspective and creating illusion on
a three dimensional area. Italy was introduce
to oil painting and painting on canvas in the
15th century. This greatly expanded the market
work as the cost of art reduced and
transporting pictures became easy.
• The Renaissance was a movement which
allowed people to break away from traditional
views, ideas, and practices into a new way to
look at things and a new way of thinking.

10. Politicalbackground
• In the 15th century Florence, Venice and Naples extended their power through much of the area that
surrounded them, making the movement of artists possible. This enabled Florence to have significant
artistic influence in Milan, and through Milan, France.
• In 1377, the return of the Pope from the Avignon Papacy and the re-establishment of the Papal court in
Rome, brought wealth and importance to that city, as well as a renewal in the importance of the Pope in
Italy, which was further strengthened by the council of Constance in 1417. Successive Popes, especially
Julius II, 1503–13, sought to extend the Pope’s temporal power throughout Italy.
• Various cities bore rule over the surrounding towns and villages.
• Florence , Rome, Milan and Venice were independent cities.
• They were constantly feuding with one another.
• The nobles of each city were also engaged in their own feuds
• Large families had fortified houses or palazzos which contained their family and friends, personal servants
and knights for protection
• Family crests were found on buildings commissioned by these families as well as on the shields and
armour of their hired protectors.

11. Technologicalachievementand its reflection in planning
• THE ROMAN
CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGIES OF
DOMES, VAULTS,
• ORDER OF COLUMNS,
ARCHES AND ARCADES
WAS THE BASE OF
• THIS NEW STYLE OF
ARCHITECTURE
• THE ROMANS HAD THEIR
OWN COLUMN ORDER AS
THE GREEKS.

12. Technologicalachievementand its reflection in planning
• RENAISSANCE MEANS ‘AWAKENING’ OR
‘REVIVAL’.
• THE ARCHITECTURE STYLE IS BASICALLY THE
REVIVAL OF ROMAN ARCHITECTURE.
• THE ARTISTS OF THE RENAISSANCE ERA WERE
SEARCHING THE WAYS OF REVIVING AND
ABSORBING THE METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION
OF ROMAN
• ARCHITECTURE , THAT LEAD IN THE NEW FORM
OF ARCHITECTURE.
• THE FLORENCE CATHEDRAL- THE CATHEDRAL
WAS CONSTRUCTED BY FILLIPO
• BRUNELLESCHI LOCATED AT PIAZZA DEL
DUOMOAND WAS COMPLETED IN
• THE YEAR 1436.
WWW.FLORENCE –INSTITURE.COM
WWW.ITALIAN-ARCHITECTURE.INFO

13. Technologicalachievementand its reflection in planning
•THE DOME CONSISTS OF TWO LAYERS, AN INNER
DOME AND THE OUTER DOME.
• BOTH DOMES ARE SUPPORTED BY 24 STONE HALF
ARCHES, OR RIBS, OF CIRCULAR FORM, 2.1 METRES (7
FEET) THICK AT THE BASE AND TAPERING TO 1.5
METRES (5 FEET).
• TO RESIST OUTWARD THRUST, TIE RINGS OF STONE
HELD TOGETHER WITH METAL CRAMPS RUN
HORIZONTALLY BETWEEN THE RIBS. THERE ARE ALSO
TIE RINGS OF OAK TIMBERS JOINED BY METAL
CONNECTORS. THESE MEMBERS KEEP THE DOME IN
ABALANCED POSITION.
• THE ENTIRE STRUCTURE WAS BUILT WITHOUT
FORMWORK, THE ARCHES WERE SO HUGE THAT THE
TIMBER SCAFFOLDING COULDNOT BE PROVIDED.
• THE HOLLOW DOUBLE DOMED STRUCTURE HAS THE
SAME COFFERED CELING OF THE PANTHEON AS IT
REDUCES WEIGHT OF THE STRUCTURE.
•OCULUS DENOTES A CIRCULAR OPENING IN THE
CENTRE OF A DOME OR IN A WALL.
•Lantern
•Oculus
•Marble Ribs
•Outer Dome
•Sandstone Chains (6 Levels)
•Spur Walls (Ribs)
•Inner Dome
•Upper Drum
•Lower Drum
www.westescalante.com

14. Technologicalachievementand its reflection in planning
•TO INCREASE THE STRENGTH TO THE
STRUCTURE THE ARCHITECT USED A HERRING
BONE PATTERN OF BRICKS.
•THE BASE OF THE DOME IS SUPPORTED BY
THE SANDSTONE CHAIN AND HOLDS THE
WALLS OF THE DOME.
•THE PANTHEON CAN BE RELATED TO THE
STRUCTURE DUE TO THE COFFERED CEILING, THE
OCULUS AND THE USE OF ARCHES.
www.static.ddmcdn.comwww.studyblue.com
www.flickr.com

15. Architectural character of the cities
•Features of Renaissance
Buildings:
•Symmetrical arrangement of
windows and doors.
•Extensive use of Classical
columns and pilasters.
•Triangular pediments.
•Square lintels.
•Arches.
•Domes.
•Niches with sculptures.

16. Architectural character of the cities
• PLAN - Renaissance buildings have a square,
symmetrical appearance in which proportions are
usually based on a module.
• FACADE - Façades are symmetrical around their vertical
axis.
• COLUMNS AND PILASTERS – used either as structural,
supporting an arcade or architrave, or purely decorative,
set against a wall in the form of pilasters
• ARCHES - Arches are semi-circular or (in the Mannerist
style) segmental. Arches are often used in arcades,
supported on piers or columns with capitals.
• DOMES - is used frequently, both as a very large
structural feature that is visible from the exterior, and
also as a means of roofing smaller spaces where they
are only visible internally.
• CEILINGS - refitted with flat or coffered ceilings. They
are not left open as in Medieval architecture. They are
frequently painted or decorated.
St.Peters basilica
Santa maria novella Pazzi chapel

17. Evolutionof planning wrt examplesof differenttowns
1350
The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fior
Florence, Italy
Cappella dei Pazzi
Florence, Italy
1436
1441
TEMPLE OF VESTA
ROME, ITALY
Santa Mario presso San Satiro
Milan, Italy
1472
1502
The Tempietto
Rome, Italy
1530 The Lauretian Library Florence, Italy
1547 St. Peter’s Basilica Rome, Italy
AR. Filippo
Brunelleschi
(1377-1446)
AR. Donato
Bramante
(1444-1514)
AR.
Michelangelo
Bounarroti
(1475-1564)
Laurentian Library Florence, Italy
1566
Villa La Rotonda
Vincenza, Italy
AR. Andrea
Palladio
1525
Campidoglio, Rome, Italy
1560

18. EARLY RENAISSANCE (1350-1505)
BAROQUE & ROCOCCO (1650-1789)
HIGH RENAISSANCE (1505-1650)
SOURCE: WORLDOLOGY

19. St. Peter's Basilica
• St. Peter's Basilica is a Late Renaissance church located within Vatican City.
• Designed principally by Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Carlo Maderno and Gian Lorenzo Bernini, St. Peter's is the
most renowned work of Renaissance architecture and remains the largest church in the world.

20. Facts, Basic Description & Statistics
• The construction of St. Peter's, in so far as the church itself is
concerned, was concluded within a period of 176 years
(1450-1626) as a typical Renaissance architectural piece.
• The cost of construction including all the additions of the
seventeenth century amounted to about $48,000,000.
• The center of the entire structure is the tomb of St.
PeterThe nave elevation was like that of the Lateran
cathedral, with a colonnade supporting a tall wall pierced by
large windows; a similar elevation appeared between the
aisles.
• This was a daring construction, contrary to normal Roman
practice (which favored extra-thick walls) and to basic
concepts of engineering.St Peter’s Treasury, which contains
church ornaments, statues, papal mitres and various
objects, usually gifts of kings or princes.
• The design is like a Holy Cross Transept also present
Prezi.com

21. Prezi.com

22. Specifications
• Geographic orientation: chancel west, nave east
• Total length: 730 feet (220 m)
• Total width: 500 feet (150 m)
• Interior length including vestibule: 693.8 feet
(211.5 m), more than 1/8 mile.
• Total area: 227,070 square feet (21,095 m2), more than 5
acres (20,000 m2).
• Internal area: 163,182.2 square feet (3.75 acres;
15,160.12 m2)
• Height from pavement to top of cross: 452 feet (138 m)
• Façade: 167 feet (51 m) high by 375 feet (114 m) wide
• Vestibule: 232.9 feet (71.0 m) feet wide, 44.2 feet (13.5 m)
deep, and 91.8 feet (28.0 m) high
• The internal columns and pilasters: 92 feet (28 m) tall
• The circumference of the central piers: 240 feet (73 m)
• Outer diameter of dome: 137.7 feet (42.0 m)
• The drum of the dome: 630 feet (190 m) in circumference
and 65.6 feet (20.0 m) high, rising to 240 feet (73 m) from
the ground

23. Old and New Basilica
• Old St. Peter's Basilica was the 4th-
century church begun by the Emperor
Constantine the Great between 319 and
333 AD.[18]
• It was of typical basilical form, a wide
nave and two aisles on each side and an
apsidal end, with the addition of a
transept or bema, giving the building
the shape of a tau cross.
• Pope Julius II planned the new basilica in
the 15th century as the church needed
quite a bit of repair.
• Michelangelo was appointed chief
architect for the reconstruction of St.
Peter's Basilica
wikipedia

24. FURTHERSCOPEAND IMPACTON PLANNING(LOCALOR
OTHER STATES)
• Alberti’s restricting concept of architectural town planning showcased the methodological difference between the planning of a
Single part of the city vs. the city as a whole .
• However, his belief in making the new architecture resemble the old helped shape the renaissance.
• This logic worked only in small towns like Pienza and Urbino.
• It’s impact on the local town planning resulted in Suburbanisation among other things.
• Suburbanisation refers to the rise of affordable housing on the outskirts of major cities.
• Industrial development initiated growth of cities.
• Compartmentalization of the cultural centres, residential centres and commercial/industrial centres.
• Source : http://www.goethe.de/kue/arc/dos/dos/sls/zup/en9009642.htm

25. ANALYSIS
• Renaissance means a revival or renewed interest in something.
• Ideology spread, during the renaissance period because of the lack of organization within the medieval towns in contrast with the
orderly urbanization of the roman empire .
• Medieval streets focused on serviceability hence narrower lanes .
• This period was more appearance oriented.
• Idealism must be built upon symmetry and proportion to create beauty and balance. If an addition or subtraction of a certain aspect
causes the loss of symmetry, it would make the object less beautiful in the Renaissance sense.
• The concept of Perspective by Brunelleschi was present in every stage of the Renaissance.
• Source: http://historum.com/blogs/jttwong/991-significance-perspective-idealism-renaissance-city-design.html