Radburn was developed in 1929 in New Jersey as one of America's first planned garden communities. It was designed by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright based on principles separating pedestrian and vehicular traffic through the use of cul-de-sacs and footpaths. The development included single family homes, row houses, apartments, and a central shopping center organized around extensive common green spaces within superblocks. While innovative at the time, some aspects of Radburn's design did not work as intended in practice and it faced financial difficulties, though its approach to integrating land uses and prioritizing pedestrian access influenced later suburban development.

1. RADBURN
NEW JERSY

2. • Located within the borough of fair lawn, Bergen
county , New Jersey.
• Developed by CLARENCE STEIN and HENRY WRIGHT
.
• It is Americas first garden community .
• Created in 1929
• 25000 people
• 149 acres
• 430 single houses
• 90 row houses
• 54 semi attached houses
• 93 apartment units
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED
• Rapid industrialization after
WW1
• Migration of rural to cities
• Drastic growth of cities
• Housing shortage
• They need to provide housing
and protect from motorized
traffic
INTRODUCTION

3. • To build community with all complexes of modern life
while providing open spaces and making it
economically viable.
• Harmonious blending of private areas and open spaces
and also self-sufficient with residential commercial
and industrial areas
• One of the principles that is applied is maximum radius
for walking distance from the home to the community
should be 400m at most.
• Shopping areas are situated at the intersecting traffic
streets on the outside corners rather than the center
unit
• The main concept behind the layout of community
was cul-de-sac grouping i.e. Cluster grouping and
separation of vehicular and pedestrian movements.
• There are extensive range of recreational activities
planned for entire community like tot lots, preschools,
sports, aerobics, amateur dramatics, library, clubroom
etc.

4. OBJECTIVES
• To promote environmental consideration by conserving
open spaces, arrange buildings and grounds as to give
sunlight, air and tolerable outlook to even the smallest and
cheapest house.
• Providing self-contained settlement i.e., providing
playgrounds, schools, theatres, public buildings, stores and
religious buildings altogether.
• Putting factories and other industrial buildings where they
can be used without wasteful transportation of goods and
people.
• To make place for man's habitation and industry and to fit
the health requirements of his daily life in same area.

5. CONCEPT
• Separation of pedestrian and vehicular
movement
• Super block (large block) surrounded by
main roads.
• CUL-DE-SAC's - houses grouped around
small clusters and each house accessed
from the main road.
• Living room, bedroom faced towards
gardens and parks, service areas to
access roads.
• Walkways designed such that
pedestrians can reach the social places
without crossing the automobile street.

6. EMERGENCE OF
RADBURG PLANNING
• Inspired by the garden city idea the city housing
corporation of New York acquired a vacant site in new
jersey within commuting distance of New York city for
the community of Radburn
• The industrialization of the United States after World
War I led to a dramatic growth of the cities during the
1920s
• Population shift led to a severe housing shortage
• In answer to the needs of "modem society, Radburn, the
Town for the Motor Age was created in 1929
• It has 25000 people. 149 acres area, 430 single houses,
90 row houses, 54 semi attached houses. 93 apartment
units
• Its planners were, Clarence Stein and Henry Wright.

7. Six plans of house
planning
• Plan simply but comprehensively . Don’t stop at
the individual property line: Adjust paving.
sidewalks, sewers and the like to the particular
needs of the property dealt with - not to a
conventional pattern.
• Arrange building and grounds so as to give
sunlight. air and a tolerable outlook even the
smallest and cheapest home.
• Provide ample sites in the right places for
community use i.e., playground school gardens,
school, theatres. churches. public buildings And
stores. Put factories and other industrial building
where they can be used without wasteful
transportation of good or people.
Henry wright
RADBURN PLANNING CRITERIA

8. • Cars must be parked and stored, deliveries made,
waste collected - plan for such services with a minimum
of danger, noise and confusion.
• Bring private and public land into relationship and
plan buildings and groups of buildings with relation to
each other. Develop collectively such services as will add the
comfort of the individual, a lower cost than is possible under
individual operation.
• Arrange for the occupancy of houses on fair basis of cost and
service, including the cost of what needs to be done in
organizing, building and maintaining the community.

9. PLANNING
• The street plan formed a pattern of rectangular
blocks divided into rectangular lots that were
usually very narrow to conserve on utility lines
and very deep to conserve on streets.
• The curvilinear design was then revised to give
some resemblance of characters to the
subdivision to subdue to deadly monotony of
parallel streets stretching to infinity. When
parking is desired on each side of the street.
the right of way is between 54- 64 feet wide.
pavement width 36 feet
• It suggests parking on one side only since the
traffic lanes should not be less than 10 feet
while.

10. • The cul-de-sac or dead-end street came into use to
eliminate through traffic in a positive manner.
• Cul-de-sac terminate in a circular to retain their
inherent advantages, they should be short-a
maximum length of 450 feet is recommended.
• Long cul-de-sacs, induce accelerated traffic speeds
and render access for service and fire protection
more complicated.
• It eliminates the necessity for the turn around and
provides the continuous circulation that is required
by some communities to assure no interference
with the accessibility of fire protection and other
services.

11. Layout of housing units
• The houses were oriented in reverse of the conventional placement
on the plot. Kitchens and garages faced the road,
• living rooms and bedrooms turned toward the garden
• Pathways provided uninterrupted pedestrian access to a continuous
park strip, which led to large common open spaces within the center
of the superblock
• The 2900 residents of Radburn share 23 acres of interior parks, which
yield 345 square feet/ person.
• The Plaza Building is only neighborhood shopping center, and its tall
clock tower has been a neighborhood landmark since 1927
• Radburn works as a garden city and a wonderful example of a well-
designed community because every piece is integrated perfectly into
one body.

12. • Radburn works as a garden city and a wonderful
example of well-designed community because
every piece is integrated perfectly into one body.​
• The plaza's building is radburn's only shopping
center .
• Radburn works as the garden city and well-
designed community as everything was integrated
in one body

13. • NEIGHBORHOOD CONCEPT
• Cul-de-sac or dead end streets
came into use to eliminate through
traffic in a positive manner.​
• It eliminates the necessity for the
turn arounds and provide
continuous circulation required for
communities

14. FEATURES
• Hierarchical transportation
systems
• Clusters
• Footpath systems
• Underpasses
• Shopping center
• Homogeneity
• Large-scale development
• Mixed use
• Interior park
Decentralized, self-contained settlements, organized to promote
environmental considerations by conserving open space, harnessing the
auto and promoting community life; key features:

15. Radburn's concept
adaptations
US – Los Angeles , Baldwin hills , Kitimat B.C
Several towns in RUSSIA
INDIA – Chandigarh
NEW ZEALAND – welling town
Section of OSAKA in JAPAN
ENGLAND ( post WW 2) - Coventry, Steven age
Egypt Chandigarh Osaka, Japan

16. FAILURES-
• The design of Radburn believed that people would
actively use the front of the houses facing the
greenways.
• In reality, people come and leave from the back of
the houses and the vehicles, not pedestrian access
• More children and people walking and playing in
the little driveways and clusters than on the actual
greenways.
• The market has repeatedly shown that homeowners
prefer more personal land around their homes to
living on tiny lots and sharing a large green space in
common.
• The depression pushed the builder, City
Housing Corporation, into bankruptcy.

17. CONCLUSION-
• Compared to the contemporary developments the
Radburn plan is more safer, orderly, convenient,
spacious and peaceful.
• Many developers have used one and more aspects of
Radburn plan and its implementation in their own
suburbs.
• From a socialist point of view, Radburn is not an
ideally panned place to live, but it establishes a real
mode or plan of living.
• Radburn idea is now sub-urban
model of choice.

18. THANK YOU • K.CHANDIN 318106101010​
• P.HEMILA 318106101037​