This document provides an overview of different recording and reproduction systems including magnetic recording, magnetic tape devices, magnetic disks, video tape recording, and disc/phonograph recording. It describes the basic processes and components involved in each system such as how magnetic or audio signals are recorded on a storage medium like tape or discs and then reproduced. It also gives some examples of uses for each technology such as data storage, audio/video playback, and instant replay in sports broadcasting.

1. CONSUMER
ELECTRONICS
ME10801
A Journal on Recording &
Reproduction System

2. Recording & Reproduction System
2
Students involved in the preparation of this journal,
FMEG11119 Jain Vinit Uttam
FMEG11128 Laturkar Chetan Anil
FMEG11131 Mehta Het Dhirendra
FMEG11132 Mhatre Shaunak Prasad
FMEG11137 Momin Rihan Sharfuddin
FMEG11141 Panchal Divyesh Babulal
FMEG11142 Panchal Girishkumar Ramanlal
FMEG11143 Panchal Hitesh Mafatal
FMEG11145 Panchal Vinay Arvind
FMEG11147 Patel Karan Kaushik
FMEG11148 Patel Shubham Babubhai
FMEG11153 Rawani Keval Hemal
FMEG11154 Sarvaiya Rushitkumar Dhirubhai
FMEG11155 Shah Nikunj Hitesh
FMEG11156 Shenghani Rushi Suresh
FMEG11158 Thaker Kunj Paresh
FMEG11160 Vedant Rishabh Mulesh
FMET12360 Ghadge Vivek Shailendra
K. J. Somaiya Polytechnic,
Vidyavihar (E),
Mumbai - 77

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Introduction
Recording is the process of capturing data or translating information to a recording
format, stored on any storage medium, which is referred as record, but for any audio
or visual medium, we say recording.
Source is the media from where the recording is to be done. The thing that has been
recorded is then translated into the medium that we want and then it is stored into the
storage medium, we want. The stored data is then reproduced as and when required by
us. Thus, the reproduction system can be defined as the system to which the stored
data is reproduced again and again.
Here, there is one basic example on recording and reproduction system. Normally,
when we are sitting in the lectures, we concentrate to what the sir/teacher is teaching
in the class. Thus, it can be said that the source of our recording is the lecturer’s
speech and what we do is, we translate the data or in simple language we try to
understand in our language and then we store it in on our storage medium, i.e., mind.
And what we do in exams is we reproduce the data stored in our mind on our exam
papers.
Now, let us discuss the various types of recording and reproduction system.
Magnetic Recording & reproduction
Magnetic recording, method of preserving sounds, pictures, and data in the form of
electrical signals through the selective magnetization of portions of a magnetic
material. The principle of magnetic recording was first demonstrated by the Danish
Source
Translating
Data Storage Reproduction

4. Recording & Reproduction System
4
engineer Valdemar Poulsen in 1900, when he introduced a machine called the
telegraphone that recorded speech magnetically on steel wire.
magnetic recording
In the years following Poulsen’s invention, devices using a wide variety of magnetic
recording mediums have been developed by researchers in Germany, Great Britain,
and the United States. Principal among them are magnetic tape and disk recorders,
which are used not only to reproduce audio and video signals but also to store
computer data and measurements from instruments employed in scientific and medical
research. Other significant magnetic recording devices include magnetic drum, core,
and bubble units designed specifically to provide auxiliary data storage for computer
systems.
Magnetic tape devices. Magnetic tape provides a compact, economical means of
preserving and reproducing varied forms of information. Recordings on tape can be
played back immediately and are easily erased, permitting the tape to be reused many
times without a loss in quality of recording. For these reasons, tape is the most widely
used of the various magnetic recording mediums. It consists of a narrow plastic ribbon
coated with fine particles of iron oxide or other readily magnetizable material. In
recording on tape, an electrical signal passes through a recording head as the tape is
drawn past, leaving a magnetic imprint on the tape’s surface. When the recorded tape
is drawn past the playback or reproducing head, a signal is induced that is the
equivalent of the recorded signal. This signal is amplified to the intensity appropriate
to the output equipment.
Tape speeds for sound recording vary from less than 2 inches (5 centimetres) per
second to as much as 15 in. (37.5 cm) per second. Video signals occupy a much wider
bandwidth than do audio signals and require a much higher relative speed between the
tape and the head. Data recording requires even greater speeds. The tape transport of a
data-storage unit of a high-performance digital computer, for example, must be able to
move the tape past the head at a rate of 200 in. (500 cm) per second.
Magnetic tape was initially designed for sound recording. German engineers
developed an audio tape recording machine called the magnetophone during World
War II. U.S. and British researchers adopted the basic design of this device to create a
magnetic tape recorder capable of high-quality sound reproduction in the late 1940s.

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Within a decade magnetic tape supplanted phonograph records for radio music
programming. Prerecorded tapes in the form of cartridges and cassettes for sound
systems in homes and automobiles were in widespread use by the late 1960s.
Related to the audio cassette recorder is a magnetic tape recording system that serves
as a telephone answering device. Messages or instructions prerecorded on tape are
reproduced automatically when a telephone user’s number is dialed. The answering
device then actuates the recording head, which records any messages that the caller
wishes to leave.
Magnetic tape was introduced as a data-storage medium in 1951, when it was used in
the auxiliary memory of UNIVAC I, the first digital computer produced for
commercial use. For about the next 10 years nearly all computers employed magnetic
tape storage units. By the 1960s, however, magnetic disk and magnetic drum auxiliary
memories began replacing the tape units in large-scale scientific and business data-
processing systems that require extremely fast retrieval of stored information and
programs. Magnetic tape devices, particularly those using cassettes, continue to be
employed as a principal form of auxiliary memory in general-purpose minicomputers
and microcomputers because of their low cost and great storage capacity. About
48,000 bits of information can be stored on one inch of tape.
Uses
Magnetic tape recorders have also been widely used to record measurements directly
from laboratory instruments and detection devices carried aboard planetary probes.
The readings are converted into electrical signals and recorded on tape, which can be
played back by researchers for detailed analysis and comparison.
These features give magnetic disk devices an advantage over tape recorders. A disk
unit has the ability to read any given segment of an audio or video recording or block
of data without having to pass over a major portion of its content sequentially;
locating desired information on tape may take many minutes. In a magnetic disk unit,
direct access to a precise track on a specific disk reduces retrieval time to a fraction of
a second.
Magnetic disk technology was applied to data storage in 1962. The random
accessibility of data stored in disk units made these devices particularly suitable for
use as auxiliary memories in high-speed computer systems. Small, flexible plastic

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disks called floppy disks were developed
during the 1970s. Although floppy disks
cannot store as much information as
conventional disks or retrieve data as rapidly,
they are adequate for applications such as
those involving minicomputers and
microcomputers where low cost and ease of
use are of primary importance.
Magnetic disk recording has various other
uses. Office dictating machines and
transcribing units utilize the process for storing spoken messages for later use.
Magnetic disk technology has also facilitated and improved a method known as
“instant replay” that is widely used in live telecasts, especially of sports events. This
method involves the immediate re-showing of, for
example, a crucial play in a football game during
a live-action broadcast. Videotape recorders were
initially used for instant replay, but they proved
too cumbersome. In 1967 Ampex developed a
special videodisk machine that made it possible to
locate and replay a desired action in less than four
seconds.
Disc recording & reproduction
A gramophone record (phonograph record in American English) or vinyl record,
commonly known as "a record", is an analog sound storage medium in the form of a
flat polyvinyl chloride (previously Shellac) disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral
groove. The groove usually starts near the periphery and ends near the center of the
disc. Phonograph records are generally described by their diameter in inches (12",
10", 7"), the rotational speed in rpm at which they are played (331
⁄3, 45, 78), and their
time capacity resulting from a combination of those parameters (LP − long playing,
SP − single, EP − 12" single); their reproductive quality or "fidelity" ("high fidelity",
"orthophonic", "full-range", etc.), and the number of audio channels provided
("mono", "stereo", "quad", etc.).

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Video Tape Recording &
Reproduction
A video recorder uses heads on a spinning drum to
read and write diagonal tracks onto a moving tape.
This has many potential sources of timing errors.
If the mechanism ran at an absolutely constant
speed, and never varied from moment to moment,
or from the time of recording to the time of
playback, then the timing of the playback signal would be exactly the same as the
input. However, imperfection being inevitable, the timing of the playback always
differs to some extent from the original signal. Longitudinal error (error arising from
effects in the long direction of the tape) can be caused by variations in the rotational
rate of the capstan drive, stretching of the tape medium, and jamming of tape in the
machine. Transverse error (error arising from effects in the cross-tape direction) can
be caused by variations in the rotational speed of the scanning drum and differences in
the angle between the tape and the scanning heads (usually addressed by video
"tracking" controls). Longitudinal errors are similar to the ones that
cause wow and flutter in audio recordings. Since these errors are not so subtle and
since it is standard video recording practice to record a parallel control track, these
errors are detected and servos are adjusted accordingly to dramatically reduce this
problem..
Many of the deficiencies of the reel-to-reel systems were overcome with the invention
of the Video cassette recorder (VCR), where the videotape is enclosed in a user-
friendly videocassette shell. This subsequently became the most familiar type of VTR
known to consumers. In this system, the tape is pre-attached onto two reels enclosed
within the cassette, and tape loading and unloading is automated. There is no need for
the user to ever touch the tape, and the media can be protected from dust, dirt, and
tape misalignments that could foul the recording mechanism. Typically, the only time
the user ever touches the tape in a videocassette is when a failure results from a tape
getting stuck in the mechanism. The function of the Video Reproducer Unit (VRU) is
to provide playback video content from pre-recorded media (e.g., tape, disc, etc.)
Video disc recording & playback

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A CD player is an electronic device that plays audio compact discs. CD players are
often a part of home stereo systems, car audio systems, and personal computers. They
are also manufactured as portable devices.
The process of playing an Audio CD, touted as a digital audio storage medium, starts
with the plastic polycarbonate disc, an analogue medium that contains the digitally
encoded data.
To read the data from the disc, a laser beam shines on the surface of the disc.
Differences on the particular disc being played and in the loading mechanism makes
the need of using a movable lens with a very close focal length to focus the light on
the disc. Sony released its CD Player called the CDP-101[3]
in 1982 utilising a slide-
out tray design for the CD. As it was easy to use and manufacture, most CD player
tray designs had followed this style of tray ever since.
A digital video recorder (DVR), is a consumer electronics device or application
software that records video in a digital format to a disk drive, USB flash drive, SD
memory card, SSD or other local or networked mass storage device.
Video disc
Videodisc (or video disc) is a general term for a laser- or stylus-readable random-
access disc that contains both audio and analog video signals recorded in an analog
form. Typically, it is a reference to any such media that predates the mainstream
popularity of the DVD format.
Compact disc
Compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format. The format was
originally developed to store and play back sound recordings only (CD-DA), but was
later adapted for storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further
derived from these, including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable
media (CD-RW), Video Compact Disc (VCD), Super Video Compact Disc (SVCD),
Photo CD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced Music CD. Audio CDs and audio CD
players have been commercially available since October 1982.
Standard CDs have a diameter of 120 millimetres (4.7 in) and can hold up to about 80
minutes of uncompressed audio or 700 MiB (actually about 703 MiB or 737 MB) of

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data. The Mini CD has various diameters ranging from 60 to 80 millimetres (2.4 to 3.1
in); they are sometimes used for CD singles, storing up to 24 minutes of audio or
delivering device drivers.
At the time of the technology's introduction it had much greater capacity than
computer hard drives common at the time. The reverse is now true, with hard drives
far exceeding the capacity of CDs.
In 2004, worldwide sales of CD audio, CD-ROM, and CD-R reached about 30 billion
discs. By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide.[1] Compact discs are
increasingly being replaced or supplemented by other forms of digital distribution and
storage, such as downloading and flash drives, with audio CD sales dropping nearly
50% from their peak in 2000.
Mechanical components
A CD player has three major mechanical components : a drive motor, a lens system,
and a tracking mechanism. The drive motor (also called spindle) rotates the disc
between 200 and 500 revolutions per minute. The tracking mechanism moves the lens
system along the spiral tracks in which information is encoded, and the lens assembly
reads the information using a laser beam, typically produced by a laser diode. The
laser reads information by focusing a beam on the CD, which is reflected off the disc's
mirrored surface back to a photodiode array sensor. The sensor detects changes in the
beam, and a digital processing chain interprets these changes as binary data. The data
are processed, and eventually converted to sound using a digital-to-analog
converter (DAC).
A TOC or Table of Contents is located after the "lead-in" area of the disc, which is
located in an inner ring of the disc, and contains roughly five kilobytes of available
space. It is the first information that the player reads when the disc is loaded in the
player and contains information on the total number of audio tracks, the running time
on the CD, the running time of each track, and other information such as ISRC and the
format structure of the disc. The TOC is of such vital importance for the disc that if it
is not read correctly by the player, the CD could not be played back. That's why it is
repeated 3 times before the first music program starts.

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The "lead out" area in the end (the outer peripheral) of the disc tells the player that
disc has come to an end.
Distortion & noise reduction in video system
Distortion: Changing form due to external changes or forces. The distortion happens
mainly due to transmission lags occurring between audio and video frame rate. It is
improved by using rate distortion optimization method and also other methods too.
The best example of video distortion can be observed in television during monsoon
season, while it’s raining heavily. This is seen more frequently with satellite TV
system like dish TV and video on DTH, etc. Also it is observed while watching online
videos. Reason is low bandwidth and insufficient graphics card.
Remedies: it can be overcome by using proper bandwidth, proper decoders, graphics
card, changing video setting in computer, etc.
Distortion & noise reduction in audio system
Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal.
All recording devices, both analogue or digital, have traits which make them
susceptible to noise. Noise can be random or white noise with no coherence, or
coherent noise introduced by the device's mechanism or processing algorithms.
In electronic recording devices, a major form of noise is hiss caused by
random electrons that, heavily influenced by heat, stray from their designated path.
In the case of photographic film and magnetic tape, noise (both visible and audible) is
introduced due to the grain structure of the medium. In photographic film, the size of
the grains in the film determines the film's sensitivity, more sensitive film having
larger sized grains. In electrons influence the voltage of the output signal and thus
create detectable magnetic tape, the larger the grains of the magnetic particles
(usually ferric oxide or magnetite), the more prone the medium is to noise.
When using analog tape recording technology, they may exhibit a type of noise known
as tape hiss. This is related to the particle size and texture used in the magnetic
emulsion that is sprayed on the recording media, and also to the relative tape velocity
Dolby and dbx noise reduction system.
While there are dozens of different kinds of noise reduction, the first widely used
audio noise reduction technique was developed by Ray Dolby in 1966. Intended for
professional use, Dolby Type A was an encode/decode system in which the amplitude

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of frequencies in four bands was increased during recording (encoding), then
decreased proportionately during playback (decoding). The Dolby B system
(developed in conjunction with Henry Kloss) was a single band system designed for
consumer products. In particular, when recording quiet parts of an audio signal, the
frequencies above 1 kHz would be boosted. This had the effect of increasing the
signal to noise ratio on tape up to 10dB depending on the initial signal volume. When
it was played back, the decoder reversed the process, in effect reducing the noise level
by up to 10dB. The Dolby B system, while not as effective as Dolby A, had the
advantage of remaining listenable on playback systems without a decoder.
Dbx was the competing analog noise reduction system developed by David E.
Blackmer, founder of dbx laboratories.[1]
It used a root-mean-squared (RMS)
encode/decode algorithm with the noise-prone high frequencies boosted, and the
entire signal fed through a 2:1 compander. Dbx operated across the entire audible
bandwidth and unlike Dolby B was unusable as an open ended system. However it
could achieve up to 30 dB of noise reduction. Since Analog video recordings use
frequency modulation for the luminance part (composite video signal in direct colour
systems), which keeps the tape at saturation level, audio style noise reduction is
unnecessary.
Dynamic Noise Limiter and Dynamic Noise Reduction
Dynamic Noise Limiter (DNL) is an unpatented audio noise reduction system
originally introduced by Philips in 1971 for use on cassette decks. Its circuitry is also
based on a single chip.
It was further developed into Dynamic Noise Reduction (DNR) by National
Semiconductor to reduce noise levels on long-distance telephony. First sold in 1981,
DNR is frequently confused with the far more common Dolby noise reduction
system. However, unlike Dolby and dbx Type I & Type II noise reduction systems,
DNL and DNR are playback-only signal processing systems that do not require the
source material to first be encoded, and they can be used together with other forms of
noise reduction.
Because DNL and DNR are non-complementary, meaning they do not require
encoded source material, they can be used to remove background noise from any
audio signal, including magnetic tape recordings and FM radio broadcasts, reducing
noise by as much as 10 dB. They can be used in conjunction with other noise

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reduction systems, provided that they are used prior to applying DNR to prevent DNR
from causing the other noise reduction system to mistrack.
Analog and digital recording
Analog (or analogue) recording (Greek, ana is "according to"
and logos "relationship") is a technique used for the recording of analog signals which
among many possibilities include audio frequency, analog audio and analog
video information for later playback.
Analog recording methods store signals as a continual wave in or on the media. The
wave might be stored as a physical texture on aphonograph record, or a fluctuation in
the field strength of a magnetic recording. This is different from digital recording of
which among many possibilities include digital audio and digital video, which digital
signals are represented as data or discrete numbers.
In digital recording, digital
audio and digital video are
directly recorded to a storage
device as a stream of discrete
numbers, representing the changes
in air pressure (sound) for audio
and chroma and luminance values
for video through time, thus
making an abstract template for
the original sound or moving
image.
Recording
The analog signal is transmitted from the input device to an analog-to-digital
converter (ADC).
The ADC converts this signal by repeatedly measuring the momentary level of
the analog (audio) wave and then assigning a binary number with a given
quantity of bits (word length) to each measuring point.
The frequency at which the ADC measures the level of the analog wave is
called the sample rate or sampling rate.

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A digital audio sample with a given word length represents the audio level at
one moment.
The longer the word length the more exact is the representation of the original
audio wave levelwise.
The higher the sampling rate the higher the upper cutoff frequency of the
digitized audio signal.
The ADC outputs a sequence of samples that make up a continuous stream of
0s and 1s.
These numbers are stored onto recording media such as magnetic tape, hard
drive, optical drive or solid state memory.
Comparison of analog and digital recording:
An analog recording is one where a property or characteristic of a physical recording
medium is made to vary in a manner analogous to the variations in air pressure of the
original sound. Generally, the air pressure variations are first converted (by
a transducer such as a microphone) into an electrical analog signal in which either the
instantaneous voltage or current is directly proportional to the instantaneous air
pressure (or is a function of the pressure). The variations of the electrical signal in turn
are converted to variations in the recording medium by a recording machine such as a
tape recorder or record cutter—the variable property of the medium ismodulated by
the signal. Examples of properties that are modified are the magnetization of magnetic
tape or the deviation (or displacement) of the groove of a gramophone disc from a
smooth, flat spiral track.
A digital recording is produced by converting the physical properties of the original
sound into a sequence of numbers, which can then be stored and read back for
reproduction. Normally, the sound is transduced (as by a microphone) to an analog
signal in the same way as for analog recording, and then the analog signal is digitized,
or converted to a digital signal, through an analog-to-digital converter and then
recorded onto a digital storage medium such as a compact disc or hard disk.
Two prominent differences in functionality are the bandwidth and the signal-to-noise
ratio (S/N); however, both digital and analog systems have inherent strengths and
weaknesses. The bandwidth of the digital system is determined, according to
the Nyquist frequency, by the sample rate used. The bandwidth of an analog system is
dependent by the physical capabilities of the analog circuits. The S/N of a digital

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system is first limited by the bit depth of the digitization process, but the electronic
implementation of the digital audio circuit introduces additional noise. In an analog
system, other natural analog noise sources exist, such as flicker noise and
imperfections in the recording medium. Some functions of the two systems are also
naturally exclusive to either one or the other, such as the ability for more
transparent filtering algorithms[1]
in digital systems
and the harmonic saturation of analog systems
CCD systems
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is a device for the
movement of electrical charge, usually from within the
device to an area where the charge can be
manipulated, for example conversion into a digital
value. This is achieved by "shifting" the signals between stages within the device one
at a time. CCDs move charge between capacitive bins in the device, with the shift
allowing for the transfer of charge between bins.
The CCD is a major piece of technology in digital
imaging. In a CCD image sensor, pixels are
represented by p-doped MOS capacitors.
when image acquisition begins, allowing the
conversion of incoming photons into electron
charges at the semiconductor-oxide interface; the
CCD is then used to read out these charges.
Although CCDs are not the only technology to
allow for light detection, CCD image sensors are widely used in professional, medical,
and scientific applications where high-quality image data is required.
The charge-coupled device was invented in 1969 at AT&T Bell Labs by Willard
Boyle and George E. Smith
The device could be used as a shift register. The essence of the design was the ability
to transfer charge along the surface of a semiconductor from one storage capacitor to
the next.
Development of the device progressed at a rapid rate. By 1971, Bell researchers lead
by Michael Tompsett were able to capture images with simple linear

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devices.[7]
Several companies, including Fairchild Semiconductor, RCA and Texas
Instruments, picked up on the invention and began development programs.
In a CCD for capturing images, there is a photoactive region (an epitaxial layer of
silicon), and a transmission region made out of a shift register (the CCD, properly
speaking).
An image is projected through a lens onto the capacitor array (the photoactive region),
causing each capacitor to accumulate an electric charge proportional to
the light intensity at that location. A one-dimensional array, used in line-scan cameras,
captures a single slice of the image, while a two-dimensional array, used in video and
still cameras, captures a two-dimensional picture corresponding to the scene projected
onto the focal plane of the sensor. Once the array has been exposed to the image, a
control circuit causes each capacitor to transfer its contents to its neighbor (operating
as a shift.
Cable TV
Cable television is a system of distributing television programs to paying subscribers
via radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted through coaxial cables or light pulses
through fiber-optic cables.
The abbreviation CATV is often used for cable television. It originally stood
for Community Access Television or Community Antenna Television, from cable
television's origins in 1948: in areas where over-the-air reception was limited by
distance from transmitters or mountainous terrain,
large "community antennas" were constructed, and
cable was run from them to individual homes. In
order to receive cable television at a given location,
cable distribution lines must be available on the local
utility poles or underground utility lines.Coaxial
cable.
Cable TV charges in India.
Monthly cable TV charges will be capped at Rs250.
In an affidavit filed before the apex court, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
said it proposes to divide cable services into three pricing slabs.

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To streamline the cable TV fee structure, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
(TRAI), which is also the broadcast regulator, today told the Supreme Court that it
plans to cap monthly charges at Rs250 across the country, except for pockets where
the conditional access system (CAS) has been implemented.
In an affidavit filed before the court, TRAI said it proposes to divide cable services
into three pricing slabs. The first would have a monthly charge of Rs100 for a
minimum of 30 free-to-air (FTA) channels, including the mandatory Doordarshan
channels.
TRAI said for those customers opting for the basic package (which includes
Doordarshan channels) with up to 20 pay channels, the monthly bill will be fixed at
Rs200.If subscribers choose a basic package with over 20 pay channels, they will have
to pay Rs250 a month.
CABLE TV PROVIDERS IN INDIA.
1. shri balaji cable network in gurgaon
2. Hathway
3. DEN Networks
4. Reliance Digicom (ex Digicable)
5. Asianet(Kerala)
6. Manthan Broadband Services
7. SCV
8. You Telecom
9. Seven Star Dot Com Pvt Ltd
10.Advanced Multisystem Broadband Communication Pvt. Ltd
11.Arasu Cable
12.Barasat Cable TV Network Pvt. Ltd
13.CableComm Services Pvt. Ltd
14.Channel 3
15.Home Cable Network Pvt Limited
16.Gujarat Telelink P Limited (GTPL)
17.ICE TV Pvt
18.JPR Channel
19.System

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20.Satellite Vision Cable TV & Broadband Services Mumbai
1.)1/3 SONY CCD 800TVL 30pcs IR LED cctv camera specifications
Main Features:
*CCD Board: Original 1/3'' 800 TVL CCD board
*Horizontal Resolution: Genuine 800 TVL
*Effictive Pixels:PAL:976(H)x582(V) & NTSC: 976(H)x494(V)
*With OSD(on-screen display) Menu:Yes
*D-WDR(Digital-WideDynamicRange) Function:Yes
Specifications:

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Image Device 1/3" SONY 960H CCD
CCD model no. ICX811AK(PAL) ICX810AK(NTSC)
DSP model no. AVS03P
Horizontal Resolution 800TVL
TV System PAL/NTSC
Effective Pixels PAL:960(H)*582(V) , NTSC:976H*494(V)
Scanning System 2:1 Interlace
Synchronization Internal
Min. Illumination 0 Lux (LED ON)
S/N Ratio More than 48dB(AGC OFF)
Video Output 1Vp-p,75ohm, BNC
Lens Type
standard lens: 2.8-12mm lens, 6-15, 9-
22mm lens optional
Day & Night
Color / BW / EXT
Auto-progressive
Auto-general
Day to Night Delay 0-255
IR input level Low / High
White Balance ATW, D75, D65, D50 CWF, U30, F/A
Electronic Shutter SpeedPAL:1/50 ~ 1/100,000sec, NTSC:1/60 ~ 1/100,000sec
AGC 0-127 option
Sharpness 0- 7 option
Backlight Auto/Low/Mid/High
D-WDR N/A
Super WDR 0-10 level adjustable
Demist Auto/Low/Mid/High
Motion Detection ON/OFF (4 areas)
DNR 3DNR:ON/OFF(0-3 option)

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D-ZOOM 1-4 level option
Infrared LED 72pcs Ø5mm IR LEDs
IR Distance 60 Meters
Infrared Spectrum 850nm
Operation Temperature -10°C ~ 50°C
Storage Temperature -20°C ~ 60°C
Input Voltage/Current DC12V 380mA
Adapter Requirement DC12V 1A
2. SONY DD57A/FF001800FID
Features:
·1/ 3” SONY Super HAD II CCD
· Built-in multi-language OSD menu
· Resolution: Color-600TVL
· Electronic shutter adjustable
· Wide Angle 130°
Pick-up device 1/3" SONY Super HAD II CCD

20. Recording & Reproduction System
20
Effective pixels NTSC:768*494, PAL:752*582
Resolution Color-600TVL @ F1.2, B/W-700TVL
Sensor size 4.9mm*3.7mm
Sync system Internal
Min. illumination 0.01lux (0.001 Sens up Mode)
S/N ratio More than 52dB
Electronic shutter 1/50 / 1/100000sec / FLK/Manual/Fixed
Lens 1.8mm
Flicker less mode On/off
Mirror function On/off
Privacy zone On/off (4 AREAS)
BLC On/off (64 AREAS)
SSNR III /DNR Low /Medium /High/off
Motion detect On/off (64 AREAS)
Gamma Auto / Adjustable
White balance Auto (ATW, AWB, FIXED, MANUAL)
AGC On/off (0-255)
Day & Night Color, B/W, Auto IRC level adjust
Video output 1.0V p-p Composite Video Output, 75 Ohm
Power supply DC12V
Operating temp -10 ~50oC
Operating Humidity20% ~ 80% RH
Power consumption 110mA

21. Recording & Reproduction System
K.J.SOMAIYA POLYTECHNIC
21
700TVL Effio-E SONY CCD 48LED OSD MENU CCTV
Waterproof Black Bullet Camera++63
Specifications:
Image Device 1/3" SONY CCD Effio-E Processor
Horizontal Resolution 700 TVL
Pixels: PAL:976(H) × 582(V)
NTSC:976(H) × 494 (V)
TV SYSTEM PAL/NTSC
LED 48 PCS
Night Distance More than 15M
Lens 3.6mm(Defaulted)
Color On/Auto Selectable
White Balance ATW / AWB / MANUAL (1800 K~10500 K)
Sync System INT/LL Selectable
Usable Ⅲumination 0 Lux (Color) 0.001 Lux (B/W)
S/N Ratio ≥60dB(AGC Off)
O.S.D. O.S.D. MENU
Privacy Function ON / OFF
Motion Detection ON / OFF

22. Recording & Reproduction System
22
IP Rating IP66
Back Light Compensation BLC / HSBLC / AUTO
Gamma Characterlstic 0.45
Video Output 1.0Vp-p 75Ω
Electronic Shutter Time
PAL 1/50-100,000Sec
NTSC 1/60-1/120,000Sec
Operation Temperature -10℃ - +50℃ RH95% Max
Humidity 30 ~ 90% Percent RH
White Balance Auto
Power Supply DC12V±10% 600 mA
CCTV 500TVL 1/4 SONY CCD 36X Optical Zoom Auto Focus
DSP Color Video Zoom Camera
Product Description
Specifications:
Model: 36X(D/N)
System of signal: NTSC/PAL

23. Recording & Reproduction System
K.J.SOMAIYA POLYTECHNIC
23
Pick up device: 1/4'' SONY CCD
Horizontal resolution: 500TV Line
S/N ratio:50 dB
Minium illumination: 0.1Lux
Lens:3.9~140.4 mm
View angle:49.6°~2.5°
Electronic Shutter: 1/60to1/10000S(NTSC), 1/50to1/10000S(PAL)
White Balance: Auto tracking
Auto AGC control: Auto control
Backlight compensation: On/Off
Control connector: Bys contol DC±3V~±12V
Focus Mode: Bus control focus/Button control focus
Video output: 1.0Vp-p,75Ω
Power supply: DC12V±10%, 3.6W
Auto camera specifications caution:
Do not attempt to disassemble the camera.ln order to prevent electric shock,do
not remove screws or cover.There are no user-serviceable parts inside.Refer all
servicing to qualified service personnel.
Handle the camera with care.The camera could be damaged by
improper handling or storage.
Do not expose the camera to rain or moisture,or try to operate it in wet
areas.Take immediate action if the camera becomes wet.Turn the power off and
refer
servicing to qualified service personnal Moisture can damage the camera
and also create a danger of electric shock.
Do not use strong or abrasive detergents when cleaning the canera body.Use
a dry cloth clean the camera when dirty.In case the dirt is hard to remove,use
a mild detergent and wipe gently.
Never point the canera toward the sun,Whether the camera is used outdoors
or not,never point it toward the sun.Use cautionwhen operating the camera in
the vicinity of spot lights or other bright reflecting objects.
Do not operate the camera beyond its Temperature.humidity or power
source ratings.Do not use the camera in an extreme environment where
high temperature or high humidity exists.
Use the camera under conditions where temperatures are between -
10℃～+50℃, and humidity is below 85%.For the correct power supply, refer to
the specification sheet.