The display technology

1. TECHNICAL
SEMINAR
“ORGANICLIGHT EMITTING DIODE"
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Submitted by
ANANTHAKRISHNA G
USN-1CK10EC002
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Mrs. KAVYA S
Asst. Professor
DEPT. OF ECE, CBIT KOLAR
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2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• WHAT IS OLED?
• HISTORY
• FEATURES
• WORKING PRINCIPLE
• MANUFACTURING OF OLED
• TYPES OF OLED
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• APPLICATIONS
• CONCLUTION
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OLED 2013-14

3. INTRODUCTION
 Organic light emitting diode(OLED).
 Emerging Technology for displays in devices.
 Main principle behind OLED technology is
electroluminescence.
 Offers brighter, thinner, high contrast, flexible
displays.
OLED 2013-14
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4. OLED 2013-14
WHAT IS AN OLED?
 OLEDs are solid state devices composed of thin
films of organic molecules that is 100 to 500
nanometres thick.
 They emits light with the application of electricity.
 They doesn’t require any backlight. i.e., they are self
emitting.
 They are made from carbon and hydrogen.
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HISTORY
 The first OLED device was developed by Eastman
Kodak in 1987.
 In 1996, pioneer produces the world’s first
commercial PMOLED.
 In 2000, many companies like Motorola, LG etc
developed various displays.
 In 2001, Sony developed world’s largest fullcolor
OLED
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HISTORY (CONTD.)
 In 2002, approximately 3.5 million passive matrix
OLED sub-displays were sold, and over 10 million
were sold in 2003.
 In 2010 and 2011, many companies announced
AMOLED displays.
 Many developments had take place in the year 2012.
OLED 2013-14

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FEATURES
 Flexibility.
 Emissive Technology.
 Light weight and thin.
 Low power consumption.
 High contrast, brighter and perfect display from all
angles.
OLED 2013-14

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STRUCTURE OF OLED(FIGURE)
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How OLED Works
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WORKING PRINCIPLE
 A voltage is applied across the anode and cathode.
 Current flows from cathode to anode through the
organic layers.
 Electrons flow to emissive layer from the cathode.
 Electrons are removed from conductive layer
leaving holes.
 Holes jump into emissive layer .
 Electron and hole combine and light emitted.
OLED 2013-14

11. MANUFACTURING OF OLED
• Vacuum deposition or Vacuum Thermal evaporation
(VTE)
• Organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD)
• Inkjet Printing
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Types of OLEDs
• Passive-matrix OLED
• Active-matrix OLED
• Transparent OLED
• Top-emitting OLED
• Foldable OLED
• White OLED
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1. Passive-Matrix OLED (PMOLED)
• Perpendicular cathode/anode
strip orientation
• Light emitted at intersection
(pixels)
• External circuitry
– Turns on/off pixels
• Large power consumption
– Used on 1-3 inch screens
– Alphanumeric displays
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• Full layers of cathode, anode,
organic molecules
• Thin Film Transistor matrix
(TFT) on top of anode
– Internal circuitry to
determine which pixels to
turn on/off
• Less power consumed then
PMOLED
– Used for larger displays
2. Active-Matrix OLED (AMOLED)
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3. Transparent OLED(TOLED)
• Transparent substrate,
cathode and anode
• Bi-direction light emission
• Passive or Active Matrix
OLED
• Useful for heads-up display
– Transparent projector
screen
– Glasses
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4. Top-emitting OLED(TEOLED)
• Non-transparent or
reflective substrate
• Transparent Cathode
• Used with Active Matrix
Device
• Smart card displays
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5. Foldable OLED
• Flexible metallic foil
or plastic substrate
• Lightweight and
durable
• Reduce display
breaking
• Clothing OLED
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6. White OLED
• Emits bright white light
• Replace fluorescent
lights
• Reduce energy cost for
lighting
• True Color Qualities
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19. Advantages of OLED
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1. Very thin panel of approximately 1mm
2. Low power consumption
3. High brightness
4. High contrast ratio of 10,000 : 1
5. Wide viewing angle of 170
6. Foldable display panel
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20. Advantages of OLED display over TFT-LCD
display
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1. Contrast Ratio
 Higher contrast ratio than TFT-LCD display
 Better impression for higher brightness
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2.Viewing Angle
 Higher viewing angle up to 170 for constant
contrast ratio
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3. Response Time
 Fast time response in order of <50 us
 Comparison by graphical point of view
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4. Backlight Function
 No backlight required in OLED display
 During black background OLED is turned OFF
 In LCD backlight is still required
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5. Power Efficiency
 OLED display is more power efficient
than TFT-LCD display
 For the same power OLED display is
more brighter
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OLED Disadvantages
• Lifetime
• White, Red, Green  46,000-230,000 hours
• About 5-25 years
• Blue  14,000 hours
• About 1.6 years
• Expensive
• Susceptible to water
• Overcome multi-billion dollar LCD market
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APPLICATIONS
Major applications of OLED technology are
 OLED TV.
 Mobile phones with OLED screens.
 Smart watch with OLED screens.
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OLED TV
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MOBILE PHONES WITH OLED SCREEN
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29. SMART WATCH WITH OLED DISPLAY
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CONCLUSION
• Limited use caused by degradation of materials.
• OLED will replace current LED and LCD
technologies
• Expensive
• Flexibility and thinness will enable many applications
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THANK YOU