This document discusses direct-to-home (DTH) television. It begins with an introduction to DTH television, noting that it is a wireless system that delivers television programs directly to viewers' homes using a personal dish. It then covers the history and constituents of DTH, including the minidish antenna, low-noise block downconverter, coaxial cable, and set-top box. The basic principles and operation of DTH are explained, including how signals are transmitted from satellites to viewers' homes. Differences between DTH and cable TV are outlined. Major DTH service providers in India are identified as well as features, applications, benefits and the future prospects of DTH.
Basics of Colour Television and Digital TVjanakiravi
Main characteristics of human eye with regard to perception of colours-mixing of colours. three standards of colour transmission system, CATV, DTH, HDTV & SMART TV
For TS-SBTET, C-18, DECE 6 Unit, By Nenavath Ravi Kumar, MIST Hyderabad
Basics of Colour Television and Digital TVjanakiravi
Main characteristics of human eye with regard to perception of colours-mixing of colours. three standards of colour transmission system, CATV, DTH, HDTV & SMART TV
For TS-SBTET, C-18, DECE 6 Unit, By Nenavath Ravi Kumar, MIST Hyderabad
RF Carrier oscillator
To generate the carrier signal.
Usually a crystal-controlled oscillator is used.
Buffer amplifier
Low gain, high input impedance linear amplifier.
To isolate the oscillator from the high power amplifiers.
Modulator : can use either emitter collector modulation
Intermediate and final power amplifiers (pull-push modulators)
Required with low-level transmitters to maintain symmetry in the AM envelope
Coupling network
Matches output impedance of the final amplifier to the transmission line/antenn
Applications are in low-power, low-capacity systems : wireless intercoms, remote control units, pagers and short-range walkie-talkie
Modulating signal is processed similarly as in low-level transmitter except for the addition of power amplifier
Power amplifier
To provide higher power modulating signal necessary to achieve 100% modulation (carrier power is maximum at the high-level modulation point).
Same circuit as low-level transmitter for carrier oscillator, buffer and driver but with addition of power amplifier
Satellite Link Design:
EIRP, Transmission Losses, Free-space transmission, System noise temperature and G/T ratio, Noise figure, Design of downlinks, Design of uplink, Design of specified C/N: combining C/N and C/I values in satellite links, Overall C/No, Link design procedure.
hello readers i give my PPT presentation for about antenna and ther properties and working explain in this ppt
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Main constraint for colour TV was compatibility with existing monochrome system. It should produce normal black and white picture on monochrome receiver without any modification on receiver circuitry. Moreover colour receiver must produce a black and white picture if transmission is monochrome.
Hence it should have same - bandwidth, location & spacing of sound and video frequencies, luminance information as a monochromatic signal. Colour information in signal should not effect picture on a monochrome receiver. Other circuit details of colour receiver should be same as that of monochromatic receiver..
RF Carrier oscillator
To generate the carrier signal.
Usually a crystal-controlled oscillator is used.
Buffer amplifier
Low gain, high input impedance linear amplifier.
To isolate the oscillator from the high power amplifiers.
Modulator : can use either emitter collector modulation
Intermediate and final power amplifiers (pull-push modulators)
Required with low-level transmitters to maintain symmetry in the AM envelope
Coupling network
Matches output impedance of the final amplifier to the transmission line/antenn
Applications are in low-power, low-capacity systems : wireless intercoms, remote control units, pagers and short-range walkie-talkie
Modulating signal is processed similarly as in low-level transmitter except for the addition of power amplifier
Power amplifier
To provide higher power modulating signal necessary to achieve 100% modulation (carrier power is maximum at the high-level modulation point).
Same circuit as low-level transmitter for carrier oscillator, buffer and driver but with addition of power amplifier
Satellite Link Design:
EIRP, Transmission Losses, Free-space transmission, System noise temperature and G/T ratio, Noise figure, Design of downlinks, Design of uplink, Design of specified C/N: combining C/N and C/I values in satellite links, Overall C/No, Link design procedure.
hello readers i give my PPT presentation for about antenna and ther properties and working explain in this ppt
i hope you like it THANK YOU.......!!!!!!!
Main constraint for colour TV was compatibility with existing monochrome system. It should produce normal black and white picture on monochrome receiver without any modification on receiver circuitry. Moreover colour receiver must produce a black and white picture if transmission is monochrome.
Hence it should have same - bandwidth, location & spacing of sound and video frequencies, luminance information as a monochromatic signal. Colour information in signal should not effect picture on a monochrome receiver. Other circuit details of colour receiver should be same as that of monochromatic receiver..
DTH is a new technology and it has matured to its full potential in other parts of the world. There are many application has been found every day for exploitation of benefits of DTH?
The word ‘DTH’ is synonymous with transmission of digital video channel to home
subscriber’s using a small dish antenna. The DTH utilizes a technology which enables a home to receive high speed internet broadband access data communication, voice over internet protocol (IP) telephony and much more using an open standard Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) technology. The video channels are received with a suitable set top box. It is Capable of demodulating Motion Picture Engineering Group (MPEG-2) standard videos. It is for the return channel required for other services such as voice over internet protocol and broadband access data communications, that a return channel is also required for the home terminal. The return channel via the satellite is called RCS and is an open standard. Hardware compatible with DVB-RCS technology are readily available in the market in both Ku-band and C-band. DVB-RCS is an international open standard for multimedia satellite network where the return data rates in access of 2 Mbps are possible using low cost user terminals. The forward ink is usually at 40 Mbps.
Today, most satellite TV customers in developed television markets get their programming through a direct broadcast satellite (DBS) provider, such as DISH TV or DTH platform. The provider selects programs and broadcasts them to subscribers as a set package. Basically, the provider’s goal is to bring dozens or even hundreds of channels to the customer’s television in a form that approximates the competition from Cable TV. Unlike earlier programming, the provider’s broadcast is completely digital, which means it has high picture and stereo sound quality.
Early satellite television was broadcast in C-band - radio in the 3.4- gigahertz (GHz) to 7-GHz
frequency range. Digital broadcast satellite transmits programming in the Ku frequency range (10 GHz to 14 GHz). There are five major components involved in a direct to home (DTH) satellite.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
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Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
2. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
Introduction
History
Constituents of DTH
Basic principle of DTH
Basic Block diagram & its Operation
Cable TV Vs DTH TV
Features of DTH
DTH service providers
Mayank Garg Slide 2
CONTENTS
3. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
• The term DTH stands for ‘Direct To Home’.
• DTH television is a wireless system for delivering
television programs directly to the viewer’s house.
• ‡Defined as the reception of satellite programs with a
personal dish in an individual home.
• ‡DTH symbols the Transmission of digital video
channel to home subscribers through small dish
antenna.
INTRODUCTION
Mayank Garg Slide 3
6. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
• LNBF is the part of a satellite antenna which is positioned
in front of the dish to receive the signal and converts the
signal to be carried by cable to the receiver .
• Low noise block down converter is the antenna of what
is commonly called the parabolic satellite dish commonly
used in satellite TV reception.
Mayank Garg Slide 6
LNBF
8. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad CampusMayank Garg Slide 8
• In DTH television , the broadcast signals are transmitted
from satellites orbiting the Earth to the viewer’s house.
• Each satellite is located approximately 35,700km above
the Earth in geosynchronous orbit.
• These satellites receive the signals from the broadcast
stations located on Earth and rebroadcast them to the
Earth.
• The viewer’s dish picks up the signal from the satellite
and passes it on to the receiver located inside the
viewer’s house.
• The receiver processes the signal and passes it on to
the television.
• The DTH television is used in millions of homes across
United States ,Europe and South East Asia.
BASIC PRINCIPLE
11. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad CampusMayank Garg Slide 11
OPERATION
• The block diagram of DTH TV system can be divided
into two sections:
Outdoor Unit
Indoor Unit
• OUTDOOR UNIT
• The outdoor unit consist of :
1) The parabolic satellite antenna
2) Low noise amplifier(LNA)
3) Converter
12. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad CampusMayank Garg Slide 12
Outdoor unit cont..
• The receiver antenna is a parabolic reflector horn
antenna which is directed directly to the satellite to
receive the signal.
• The received signal from satellite by the antenna is
applied to the low noise amplifier(LNA) which is a wide
band amplifier.
• LNA amplifies all the frequencies received from the
antenna and applies them to a converter. The second
input to this converter is from the local oscillator 1.
• The converter output consist of a UHF signal having a
frequency range from 950-1450 MHz with a bandwidth of
500 MHz.
• The output of converter is applied to the RF amplifier.
13. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad CampusMayank Garg Slide 13
INDOOR
• It consist of an RF amplifier which is applied to a
channel selector to select the desired channel with
the help of the mixer & local oscillator too.
• An IF frequency of 70MHz is produced.
• The RF amplifier applied these to video-audio
detector which separates the video , audio &
synchronous pulses.
• The TV receiver then works as usual.
• A DBS(Directly Broadcast Satellite) concept is used
in DTH system.
14. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
• Satellite TV involves receiving signals from a satellite
where as cable TV entails airing programs.
• The biggest difference between satellite and cable
TV is the picture and sound quality.
• Unlike cable TV, satellite TV programs are excellent
quality with some of them being high definition.
• Here are some guidelines that can help compare
Dish Network with cable TV.
Mayank Garg Slide 14
DTH Vs CABLE TV
16. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
DTH offers better quality picture than Cable TV.
DTH can reach remote areas where terrestrial
transmission and cable TV have failed to penetrate.
DTH has also allows for interactive TV services
such as movie-on-demand , and e-mail.
In DTH, the payments will be made directly by the
subscriber to the satellite company offering the
service.
Mayank Garg Slide 16
SOME OF THE FEATURES OF DTH
17. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
India currently has 6 major DTH service providers
and a total of over 5 million subscriber households.
Tata group and Star network owned Tata Sky .
• Zee group owned Dish TV .
• Sun network owned SUNDIRECT DTH.
• Reliance owned BIG TV .
• Bharti Aritel's DTH .
• DD Direct Plus India - DTH Potential .
• DTH to grow from 3.2 mn in 2007 to 43 mn by
2015, with 30% share of Pay TV.
Mayank Garg Slide 17
DTH SERVICE PROVIDERS
18. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad CampusMayank Garg Slide 18
FUTURE PROSEPECTS OF DTH…
Detection of Message Signal
Triggering The Rectenna
GSM Frequency In INDIA (900MHz Or 1800MHz)
The DTH market in INDIA is relatively increase day -by-day. In the
past 5 months, two solid competitors like Airtel ,Reliance have
entered the market .
In coming 5 years.... We have managed to overtake Japan as the
largest DTH market in Asia.
In the next 2 years (by 2014) we will be able to add another 30
million subscribers .
(which is about the same as the population of Belgium, Portugal
and Greece put-together!)
19. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
• Doordarshan free-to-air services providing 40 TV
channels with no subscription fees is an attractive
preposition to people in urban and rural areas.
• A number has started IP broadcast with return
channel on PSTN line and this would be for education
and other application.
Mayank Garg Slide 19
DTH APPLICATION
20. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
• Cost effective communication, information and
entertainment.
• DTH services are transparent providing digital
quality video, audio, radio, and IP to all at equal
prices and other benefits with reliability.
Mayank Garg Slide 20
DTH BENEFITS
21. BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
TATA SKY
Mayank Garg Slide 21
Advantage and disadvantages of Top 4
service providers in India