Raynaud's disease is a rare disorder characterized by vasospasm of the arteries, causing reduced blood flow to the fingers and toes. It typically presents as color changes in the affected areas in response to cold temperatures or stress. There are two types - primary Raynaud's, where the cause is unknown, and secondary Raynaud's, which is associated with other medical conditions like scleroderma or injury. Symptoms may include numbness, pain, and skin ulcers or gangrene in severe cases. Treatment focuses on avoiding triggers and using vasodilators to improve circulation.

2.  Raynaud's is a rare disorder that affects the
arteries.
 Raynaud's is also called a disease, syndrome,
or phenomenon.
 Vasospasm, which is a narrowing of the blood
vessels.
 Vasospasm of the arteries reduces blood flow
to the fingers and toes.
 Also may occur at the tip of ears and nose.

5.  Primary Raynaud’s / Raynaud’s disease the
causes is not known.(idiopathic)
 Secondary Raynaud’s / Raynaud’s
phenomenon where the causes are known.

6.  Cold temperature
 Stress
 Blood vessels in spasm

7. ETIOLOGY OF SECONDARY RAYNAUD’S
 Scleroderma
 Lupus (Lupus is a chronic, autoimmune
disease that can damage any part of the body
(skin, joints, and/or organs inside the body).
 Rheumatoid arthritis

8.  Sjogren's syndrome
 Diseases of the arteries.
 Carpal tunnel syndrome(it is numbness,
tingling, weakness, and other problems in
hand because of pressure on the median
nerve in your wrist)

9.  Repetitive actions
 Hand and foot injuries
 Medicines
 Smoking

10.  PRIMARY RAYNAUD’S
 Gender
 Age
 Family history
 Living area climate

11. Expose to cold /
triggering factor
Small arteries at
fingers and toes
vasospasm
Become pale,
less blood flow
and low O2
supply
Warm up
(arteries dilate)
Blood flow
increase, high O2
supply
Color change to
bright red
Affected area is
warm and
throbbing pain

12. $ During the Raynaud’s attack, arteries become
narrow and no blood supply to the area, this
will cause :
# Turn pale or white and then blue
# Feel numb, cold, or painful
# Turn red, throb, tingle, burn, or feel numb as
blood flows back to the affected area

14.  Cold Stimulation Test
 Nailfold Capillaroscopy
 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or "sed
rate")
 C-reactive protein (CRP) tests

15.  Medical treatment
@ Calcium channel blockers -- Norvasc
@ Alpha blockers -- Prazosin
@ Vasodilators -- Losartan (Cozaar)

16.  Surgical treatment
@ Nerve surgery--- sympathectomy
@ Chemical injection
@ Amputation.

17. Complete lost of blood to the digits will cause:
 deformities of fingers and toes
 gangrene
 ulcer

18.  Stop smoking
 Exercise
 Control stress
 Avoid caffeine
 Take care of feet and hand
 Dress warmly outdoors

20. NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Ineffective peripheral
tissue perfusion related to
lack of blood supply to
extremities.
GOAL: Increased arterial blood supply to
extremities.

21. NURSING
INTERVENTION
RATIONALE
Assess the patient for the blood
circulation,colour and sensation at the
extremities.
For further investigation and treatment.
Apply warm compress at the affected
area
To promote good blood circulation
Administer the medication as prescribed
by doctor such as vasodilator, calcium
channel blockers and alpha blockers
To vasodilate the blood vessel and
increase blood supply to the extremities
Monitor the blood circulation to the
extremities every two hourly (circulation
chart)
To observe for any further complication
Encourage patient to perform extremities
exercises while sitting or during work
Muscular exercises promotes blood flow
and the development of collateral
circulation

22. EVALUATION : Patients extremities are warm to
touch, improve in colour and
no complain of numbness .

23. NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Anxiety related to
disease process.
GOAL : To reduce the anxiety level of patient

24. NURSING
INTERVENTION
RATIONALE
Asses the patient’s anxiety level by
observing clients behavior e.g crying
facial expression and anxious.
For further investigation
Reinforce doctor’s explainations to
patient by using the non medical term
To increase the understanding of patient
about the disease.
Provide moral and emotional support to
patient
To provide patient psychological comfort
Encourage diversional theraphy e.g
watching tv, listening songs
To deviate client’s mind away from the
disease and to avoid patient get mentally
stress

25. EVALUATION : Patient’s anxiety level decrease
and client is more clear about
the disease.

26. NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Deficient knowledge
regarding self-
care
activities.
GOAL : The patient will able to carry out daily
activity by understanding the
health education given by nurse
based on the disease.

27. NURSING
INTERVENTION
RATIONALE
Assess client knowledge level For the nurses to give adequate health
education to the client
Encourage patient to perform extremities
exercises.
To promote the blood flow to the affected
area
Advise patient to place the fingers or toe
under the warm water during the attack.
The warm water will vasodilate and
encourage the blood flow.
Advise patient to stop smoking Reducing the risk factor may reduce
symptoms or slow the disease
progression
Advise patient not to wear tight wrist
band or watch and clothings
Constrictive clothing and accessories
impede circulation.

28. EVALUATION : Client is able to carry out the
daily activities by implementing the
health education given.

29.  Raynaud's sometimes is called a disease,
syndrome, or phenomenon.
 Is a narrowing of the blood vessels.
 Vasospasm of the arteries reduces blood flow to
the fingers and toes.
 In people who have Raynaud's, the disorder
usually affects the fingers.
 In about 40 percent of people who have
Raynaud's, it affects the toes. Rarely, the disorder
affects the nose, ears, nipples, and lips.

30.  Has two type of raynaud that is primary and
secondary raynaud disease
 In both types of Raynaud's, even mild or brief
changes in temperature can cause Raynaud's
attacks.
 People with severe Raynaud's can develop skin
sores or gangrene from prolonged or repeated
Raynaud's attacks.
 It can be treated e.g. by placing the hand under
warm water to vasodilate

31.  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/raynauds-
disease/DS00433/DSECTION
 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/arti
cle/000412.htm
 http://www.faqs.org/health/topics/77/Raynau
d-s-disease.html
 http://www.medic8.com/healthguide/articles/r
aynauds.html

32.  http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/rayna
ud/ray_diagnosis.html
 http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/176713.
php -raynaud disease
 http://agedcareact.wordpress.com/2007/11/13/wha
t-is-raynauds-disease/ - raynaud disease
 http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_conditio
n_info_details.asp?disease_id=110&channel_id=2
022&relation_id=16665 –raynaud disease
 http://edition.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/raynauds-
disease/DS00433.html -raynaud disease

33.  Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical –
surgical nursing, 12th edition.
 Pearson International edition medical – surgical
nursing, 4th edition.
 Joyce.M & Jane Hokanson Hawks medical –
surgical nursing, 8th edition.