An aneurysm is a localized bulging or ballooning of the wall of an artery. It occurs when the arterial wall weakens, causing it to widen abnormally. The two main types are saccular aneurysms, which are spherical bulges, and fusiform aneurysms, which elongate a portion of the artery. Aneurysms can enlarge over time and rupture, causing life-threatening hemorrhage. Risk factors include atherosclerosis, infection, smoking, hypertension, and genetic conditions. Diagnosis involves physical exam and imaging tests. Treatment depends on the location and size of the aneurysm but may involve open or endovascular surgical repair to prevent rupture.
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Kindly leave your comment if you found this helpful ;)
Some of the slides, i hide it from my real presentations for my own reference. Download to see all of them.
CARDIAC TAMPONADE ( Cardiac emergency) • Cardiac Tamponade is a life threatening complication caused by excessive accumulation of fluid in the pericardium. Or • Compression of all cardiac chambers due to excessive accumulation of pericardial fluid leading to compromised cardiac out put.
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a type of surgery that improves blood flow to the heart. It's used for people who have severe coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease.
Cardiomyopathy, or heart muscle disease, is a type of progressive heart disease in which the heart is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened. As a result, the heart muscle's ability to pump blood is less efficient, often causing heart failure and the backup of blood into the lungs or rest of the body. The disease can also cause abnormal heart rhythms.
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw.
Rheumatic heart disease is a condition in which the heart valves have been permanently damaged by rheumatic fever. The heart valve damage may start shortly after untreated or under-treated streptococcal infection such as strep throat or scarlet fever.
CARDIAC TAMPONADE ( Cardiac emergency) • Cardiac Tamponade is a life threatening complication caused by excessive accumulation of fluid in the pericardium. Or • Compression of all cardiac chambers due to excessive accumulation of pericardial fluid leading to compromised cardiac out put.
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a type of surgery that improves blood flow to the heart. It's used for people who have severe coronary heart disease (CHD), also called coronary artery disease.
Cardiomyopathy, or heart muscle disease, is a type of progressive heart disease in which the heart is abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiffened. As a result, the heart muscle's ability to pump blood is less efficient, often causing heart failure and the backup of blood into the lungs or rest of the body. The disease can also cause abnormal heart rhythms.
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. The most common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw.
Rheumatic heart disease is a condition in which the heart valves have been permanently damaged by rheumatic fever. The heart valve damage may start shortly after untreated or under-treated streptococcal infection such as strep throat or scarlet fever.
ANEURYSMS , TYPES AND THERE MANAGEMENT.pptxBipul Thakur
Discussion about different types of Aneurysm, details about Abdominal aorta aneurysm and brief discussion about some important peripheral aneurysms.
Includes approach to different forms of Abdominal aortic aneurysm, its management and complications related to the surgery.
Neha diwan presentation on aortic aneurysmNEHAADIWAN
An aortic dissection is a serious condition in which a tear occurs in the inner layer of the body's main artery (aorta).Aortic rupture is when all the layers of the aorta wall tear, causing blood to leak out from the aorta often due to a large aortic aneurysm that bursts. This will stop blood being pumped around the body and is life threatening. Ideally an aortic aneurysm will be repaired before a rupture can occur.
An aneurysm is an abnormal widening or ballooning of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel. Aneurysms are dangerous because they may burst, spilling blood in the area surrounding the blood vessel. The disease can occur in the aorta, in a blood vessel in the brain, or in a peripheral blood vessel.
An aneurysm is an enlargement of the artery. it is divided into 3type according to action, more pathology, etc. the treatment of this is commonly surgery some of the procedures also help full for the aneurysm like shutting procedure. the prevention n of this is avoid smoking, exercise...
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
2. According to American heart association an aneurysm occurs when part
of an artery wall weakness, allowing it to widen abnormally or balloon
out.
An aneurysm is a localized sac or dilation formed at a weak point in the
wall of the aorta
Because of the high pressure in the arterial system, aneurysms can
enlarge, producing complications by compressing surrounding structures
Aneurysm is the second most frequent disease of the aorta after
atherosclerosis
3. CLASSIFICATION CAN BE
BASED ON
True aneurysm
False aneurysm
Saccular aneurysm
Fusiform aneurysm
Berry aneurysm
Secondary to atherosclerotic,
Syphilis.
4. THE LAYERS OF VESSEL WALL
INVOLVED
TRUE ANEURYSM
PSEUDO ANEURYSM
5. MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES
( SHAPE AND SIZE OF ANEURYSM)
SACCULAR ANEURYSM
They are spherical in shape and involve only a portion of the vessel
wall, they very in size and are often filled either partially or
fully by a thrombus.
FUSIFORM ANEURYSM
A localized dilation of an artery in which the entire circumference
of the vessel is distended. The result is an elongated, tubular,
or spindle like swelling.
6. BERRY ANEURYSM
A berry aneurysm, which looks like a berry on a narrow stem, is
the most common type of brain aneurysm. They make up 90
percent of all brain aneurysms, according to Stanford Health
Care. Berry aneurysms tend to appear at the base of the brain
where the major blood vessels meet, also known as the Circle of
Willis.
When a berry aneurysm ruptures, blood from the
artery moves into the brain causing subarachnoid haemorrhage.
7.
8.
9.
10. The aneurysm ruptures it can lead to haemorrhage stroke.
A raptured aneurysm quickly become life threatening and requires prompt
medical treatment.
According to the meta analysis done by Boogaarts ‘etal’ in the year 2015
they found that aneurysmal rupture prior to treatment is a major cause of
death and morbidity in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.
They also found that aneurysm size is an important risk factor for
aneurysmal bleeding.
11. ATHEROSCLEROTIC ANEURYSM
Atherosclerotic Aneurysms are aneurysms caused by atherosclerosis and typically
occur in the abdominal aorta.
Inflammation associated with atherosclerosis leads to destruction, thinning and thus
weakening of vascular wall, specifically the tunica media, which leads to aneurysmal
dilation of the vessel.
12. SYPHILITIC ANEURYSM
Syphilitic Aneurysms arise during tertiary syphilis due to chronic inflammation in the
tunica adventitia of large elastic arteries, particularly the aorta. Ischemia of the tunica
media, combined with further syphilitic invasion into the tunica media itself, results
in medial destruction and weakening, ultimately causing dilation and aneurysm-
formation.
14. THORACIC AORTIC ANEURYSM
It is primarily in the thorax.
It is the ballooning of the upper aspect of aorta, above the diaphragm.
The principal causes of death due to thoracic aneurysmal disease are dissection
and rupture.
Once rupture occurs the mortality rate is 50 to 80%.
16. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF TAA
Compression of Superior venacava may produce congestion of head,
neck and upper extremities.
Pulse and BP differences
Chest pain
Abnormal pulsation apparent on chest
Shortness of breath
Cough
Hoarseness
Dysphagia
17. ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM
Vast majority of aneurysm are asymptomatic unless raptured. Rupture may
result in pain in the abdomen or back, low blood pressure and often result in
death.
18. COMMON CAUSES FOR ANEURYSM
ETIOLOGY/ RISK FACTORS
Atherosclerosis may contribute to weakening of blood vessel
Infection which affect the arterial wall
Syphilis
Marfan syndrome
Penetrating or blunt trauma
High blood pressure it may enlarge or weaken the blood vessel
Older age(greater than 60)
Male sex
Smoking
Family history of aneurysmal disease
28. ENDO VASCULAR GRAFT
PROCEDURE
It is an alternative to conventional surgical repair of AAA.
This techniques involves the placement of a suture less aortic graft into the
abdominal aorta inside the aneurysm via femoral artery cut down
After the graft is delivered to the predetermined point , the graft is pressed
or implanted against the vessel wall by balloon inflation
The blood then flows through the vascular graft, thus preventing the
expansion of the aneurysm due to pressure, and the aneurysmal wall begin
to shrink over time because the blood is now being diverted through the
endograft.
29. OPEN SURGICAL REPAIR
– Longer Recovery Time
Longer Hospital Stay
– 90% Long Term Success
– Younger patients typically.
EVAR
– Shorter length of stay
– Reduction in blood loss
– ICU utilization reduced
– Reduce morbidity/mortality rate
– Older patients typically
– Needs long-term follow-up
– May need secondary procedures
for end leaks.
34. COILING OF ANEURYSM
A catheter is introduced in to the femoral artery and threaded up to the
cerebral blood vessel
Platinum coils attached to a thin wire are inserted into the catheter and then
placed in the aneurysm until the aneurysm is filled with the coil.
So it packing prevents the blood from circulating through the aneurysm and
reduce the risk of rupture.
35. NURSING DIAGNOSIS AND INTERVENTION
Monitor vital signs,
Obtain information regarding back or abdominal pain
Explain all procedures in simple words
Reduce unnecessary external stimuli
Instruct the patient not to lift any heavy objects(beyond 2.5 kg) for about 6 to 12 weeks after
surgery
. Teach the client about the importance of wound care.