An aneurysm is a localized bulging or dilation of the wall of a blood vessel. They are caused by a weakened blood vessel wall and risk factors include smoking, hypertension, genetics, and age. Aneurysms are classified based on size, shape, location, and cause. Treatment depends on the type and risk of rupture but may involve medication to control blood pressure, surgical clipping or endovascular coiling to repair the aneurysm, and postoperative nursing care like monitoring for infection or bleeding. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help prevent aneurysm formation.

1. .
ANEURYSM
Presented by
Ms Jinumol
first year M.sc Nsg
NUINS

2. .

3. INTRODUCTION
 An aneurysm is a localized, abnormal, weak spot
on a blood vessel wall that causes an outward
bulging, likened to a bubble or balloon. Aneurysms
are a result of a weakened blood vessel wall, and
may be a result of a hereditary condition or an
acquired disease. Aneurysms can also be a nidus
for clot formation (thrombosis) and embolization

4. DEFINITION
 Aneurysm are out-pouching or dilation of the
arterial wall and common problem involving in
aorta.
( B.T Basuvathappa)
 An Aneurysm is a localized sac or dilation formed at
the weak point in the wall of the artery.
(Brunner)
 An Aneurysm is a permentant localized dilation,
stretching or balloning of an artery to around 50%
increase in size
 ( Joyce M Black)

5. ETIOLOGY
 Exact etiology is unknown
 Atherosclerotic disease
 Hypertension
 Syphilis
 Trauma
 Smoking

6. RISK FACTORS
 Genetic predisposition
 Smoking
 Old age
 Tobacco use
 Alcoholism

7. CLASSIFICATION
Fusiform
 Based on Size Saccular
Dissecting
True Aneurysm
 Based on Cause
False Aneurysm

8. .
 FUSIFORM ANEURISM
It is a diffuse dilation that involve the entire
circumference of the arterial segment .that is whole
artery.
 SACCULAR ANEURYSM
It is a distension of vessel projecting from one
side. Saccular aneurysm is a distinct localized out
pouching of arterial wall .
o DISSECTING ANEURYSM
Haemorrhage or intramural hematoma separating
arterial wall

9. .
 TRUE ANEURYSM
 Result of slow weakening of arterial wall caused by
long term hypertension, atherosclerosis.
 FALSE ANEURYSM
 also called as pseudo aneurysm
 Caused by traumatic break in arterial wall.

10. TYPES
ANEURYSM
Aortic Cerebral Peripheral
Thoracic Abdominal

11. CLINICAL FEATURES
 THORACIC AORTIC
 Asymptomatic
 Pain over jaw, neck,
chest, upper back,
left shoulder.
 Dyspnoea
 Cough
 Hoarseness
 ABDOMINAL AORTIC
 Deep penetrating pain in
the back or side of the
abdomen.
 Cold clammy skin
 Numbness
 Tingling in the feet
 Nausea
 vomiting

12. .o CEREBRAL ANEURYSM
 Droopy eyelid
 Double Vision
 Pain above and behind the eye.
 A Dilated Pupil
 Numbness
 Weakness of one side of the face or body
PERIPHERAL ANEURYSM
 A Pulsating lump that can
be felt in the neck, arm ,or
leg.
 Leg or arm pain
 Gangrene

13. DIAGNOSTIC MEASURES
 History Collecting
 Physical Examination
 Chest x-ray
 Ultrasound
 Echocardiography
 Computed Tomography
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
 Angiography
 Aortagram

14. MANAGEMENT
 Medical Management
 Surgical Management
 Nursing Management

15. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
 Medicines are used to lower blood pressure, relax blood
vessels, and lower the risk of rupture of aneurysm .
 Beta blockers and calcium channel blockers are the
medicines most commonly used.
 Strict control of blood pressure should be maintained.
 Anti-seizure drugs ( Cerebral aneurysm) :seizures may
occur after an aneurysm has ruptures. Examples include
levetiracetam (Keppra), phenytoin (Dilantin, Phenytek,
others) and valproic acid

16. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
 Surgery may be recommended if aneurysm is too
large and likely to rupture.
 Aortic ( Abdominal) Aneurysm
Endovascular procedure
Open repair
Endovascular procedure
 Newer method for non emergency treatment
 2 small incision are made in the groin and a
vascular graft is guided into the aorta

17. .
 At the tip of catheter are deflated balloon and a
tightly wrapped polyester cloth.
 When Properly positioned , graft is placed by
inflating the balloon.
Open Repair
o The traditional and most common type of surgery.
o Involves abdominal or open chest repair.
o An incision is made in the chest or abdomen from
xiphoid process to symphysis pubis.
o Aneurysm is exposed and aorta is clamped just
above and below to stop the blood flow.
o Aneurysm is opened and a dacron graft is then
placed within the aneurysm

18. .
 Cerebral aneurysm
Cerebral aneurysm include
Surgical clipping
Endovascular Coiling
 Surgical Clipping
 Aneurysm is identified through craniotomy. After
aneurysm is identified it is carefully separated from
surrounding tissue.
 A small metal clip is then applied to the neck of
aneurysm.
 Normal blood vessel anatomy is physically restored.

19. .
 Endovascular Coiling
 Non invasive procedure to treat cerebral
aneurysm without opening the skull or
performing brain surgery.
 The Coil refers to a thin wire which is coiled within
the aneurysm .The Coil prevents further blood flow
into aneurysm.
COMPLICATIONS
 Bleeding
 Hydrocephalus
 Seizures

20. NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Assessment
 Tissue Perfusion
 Vital signs
 Self care ability
 Nutritional status
 Bowel elimination pattern
 Nursing diagnosis
o Altered tissue perfusion related to Aneurysm.
o Pain related to pressure of aneurysm on nerves.
o Knowledge deficit related to aneurysm and its
treatment.

21. .
NURSING DIAGNOSIS
 Altered tissue perfusion related to Aneurysm.
 Pain related to pressure of aneurysm on nerves.
 Knowledge deficit related to aneurysm and its
treatment.
 Imbalanced Nutritional status related to decreased
oral intake.
 Impaired sleeping pattern related to pain
 Risk for infection related to surgery.

22. .
NURSING INTERVENSION
 Maintaining Tissue Perfusion.
o Assess for signs and symptoms of bleeding such as
hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, diaphoresis,
hypovolemic shock.
o Monitor laboratory values and urine output hourly.
o Maintain iv infusion to administer medications to
control BP.
 Preventing infection
o Monitor vital signs and changes in WBC count
frequently.
o Monitor incision site for signs of infection
o Administer Antibiotics drugs as prescribed to prevent
infection

23. .
 Relieving Pain
o Keep the head of the bed elevated not more than
45 degree for first 3 postoperative days to
prevent pressure on incision site.
o Encourage the patient to maintain an exercise
schedule postoperatively.
o Administer Nasogastric decompression for ileus
following surgery until bowel sound returns.
o Administer Analgesics as prescribed.

24. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
 Congenital aneurysm cannot be prevented
 Healthy lifestyle to be maintained ( low fat diet,
regular exercise, Abstinence from smoking.).
 Strict control of blood pressure.

25. CONCLUSION
 An aneurysm is a localized, abnormal, weak spot
on blood vessel wall that causes an outward
bulging .It can be true or false . clinical features
Include fatigue, speech problem etc. The
occurrence of aneurysm can be prevented by
appropriate life style modifications.

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