Downloaded 1,639 times
Uploaded byWahidahPuteriAbah
Raynaud’s
Raynaud's disease is a rare disorder characterized by vasospasm of the arteries, causing reduced blood flow to the fingers and toes. It can be classified as either primary Raynaud's, whose cause is unknown, or secondary Raynaud's, which has an underlying cause such as scleroderma or rheumatoid arthritis. Symptoms include pale, cold, painful fingers and toes during attacks triggered by cold temperatures or stress. Treatment focuses on vasodilators and lifestyle changes to promote blood circulation. Nursing care involves assessing circulation, providing warm compresses, administering medications, educating on self-care activities, and reducing anxiety.
More Related Content
More from WahidahPuteriAbah
Raynaud’s
- 1.
- 2. WHAT IS RAYNAUD’SDISEASE?? Raynaud's is a rare disorder that affects the arteries. Raynaud's is also called a disease, syndrome, or phenomenon. Vasospasm, which is a narrowing of the blood vessels. Vasospasm of the arteries reduces blood flow to the fingers and toes. Also may occur at the tip of ears and nose.
- 3.
- 4.
- 5. CLASSIFICATION Primary Raynaud’s / Raynaud’s disease the causes is not known.(idiopathic) Secondary Raynaud’s / Raynaud’s phenomenon where the causes are known.
- 6. ETIOLOGY OF PRIMARYRAYNAUD’S Cold temperature Stress Blood vessels in spasm
- 7. ETIOLOGY OF SECONDARYRAYNAUD’S Scleroderma Lupus. Rheumatoid arthritis Sjogren's syndrome Diseases of the arteries. Carpal tunnel syndrome
- 8. Repetitive actions Hand and foot injuries Exposure to certain chemicals Medicines Smoking
- 9. RISK FACTORS…. PRIMARY RAYNAUD’S Gender Age Family history Living area climate
- 10. SECONDARY RAYNAUDS’S Age Certain disease and condition Work place Injury of hand and leg Repetitive action Living climate Smoking Medicines
- 11. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Become Small arteries at Expose to cold / pale, less blood fingers and toes triggering factor flow and low O2 vasospasm supply Blood flow Warm up increase, high O2 (arteries dilate) supply Affected area is Color change to warm and bright red throbbing pain
- 12. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION $ Duringthe Raynaud’s attack, arteries become narrow and no blood supply to the area, this will cause : # Turn pale or white and then blue # Feel numb, cold, or painful # Turn red, throb, tingle, burn, or feel numb as blood flows back to the affected area
- 13. INVESTIGATION Cold StimulationTest Nailfold Capillaroscopy Antinuclear antibody (ANA) Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or "sed rate") C-reactive protein (CRP) tests
- 14. TREATMENT Medical treatment @ Calcium channel blockers -- Norvasc @ Alpha blockers -- Prazosin @ Vasodilators -- Losartan (Cozaar)
- 15. Surgical treatment @ Nerve surgery--- sympathectomy @ Chemical injection @ Amputation.
- 16. COMPLICATION Complete lost ofblood to the digits will cause: deformities of fingers and toes gangrene ulcer
- 17. HEALTH EDUCATION Stopsmoking Exercise Control stress Avoid caffeine Take care of feet and hand Dress warmly outdoors
- 18.
- 19. NURSING CARE PLAN1 NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to lack of blood supply to extremities. GOAL: Increased arterial blood supply to extremities.
- 20. NURSING RATIONALE INTERVENTION Assess the patient for the blood For further investigation and treatment. circulation,colour and sensation at the extremities. Apply warm compress at the affected To promote good blood circulation area Administer the medication as prescribed To vasodilate the blood vessel and by doctor such as vasodilator, calcium increase blood supply to the extremities channel blockers and alpha blockers Monitor the blood circulation to the To observe for any further complication extremities every two hourly (circulation chart) Encourage patient to perform extremities Muscular exercises promotes blood flow exercises while sitting or during work and the development of collateral circulation
- 21. EVALUATION : Patientsextremities are warm to touch, improve in colour and no complain of numbness .
- 22. NURSING CARE PLAN2 NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Anxiety related to disease process. GOAL : To reduce the anxiety level of patient
- 23. NURSING RATIONALE INTERVENTION Asses the patient’s anxiety level by For further investigation observing clients behavior e.g crying facial expression and anxious. Reinforce doctor’s explainations to To increase the understanding of patient patient by using the non medical term about the disease. Provide moral and emotional support to To provide patient psychological comfort patient Encourage diversional theraphy e.g To deviate client’s mind away from the watching tv, listening songs disease and to avoid patient get mentally stress
- 24. EVALUATION : Patient’sanxiety level decrease and client is more clear about the disease.
- 25. NURSING CARE PLAN3 NURSING DIAGNOSIS : Deficient knowledge regarding self-care activities. GOAL : The patient will able to carry out daily activity by understanding the health education given by nurse based on the disease.
- 26. NURSING RATIONALE INTERVENTION Assess client knowledge level For the nurses to give adequate health education to the client Encourage patient to perform extremities To promote the blood flow to the affected exercises. area Advise patient to place the fingers or toe The warm water will vasodilate and under the warm water during the attack. encourage the blood flow. Advise patient to stop smoking Reducing the risk factor may reduce symptoms or slow the disease progression Advise patient not to wear tight wrist Constrictive clothing and accessories band or watch and clothings impede circulation.
- 27. EVALUATION : Clientis able to carry out the daily activities by implementing the health education given.
- 28. CONCLUSION Raynaud's sometimesis called a disease, syndrome, or phenomenon. Is a narrowing of the blood vessels. Vasospasm of the arteries reduces blood flow to the fingers and toes. In people who have Raynaud's, the disorder usually affects the fingers. In about 40 percent of people who have Raynaud's, it affects the toes. Rarely, the disorder affects the nose, ears, nipples, and lips.
- 29. Has twotype of raynaud that is primary and secondary raynaud disease In both types of Raynaud's, even mild or brief changes in temperature can cause Raynaud's attacks. People with severe Raynaud's can develop skin sores or gangrene from prolonged or repeated Raynaud's attacks. It can be treated e.g. by placing the hand under warm water to vasodilate
- 30. REFERRENCES http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/raynauds- disease/DS00433/DSECTION http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/arti cle/000412.htm http://www.faqs.org/health/topics/77/Raynaud -s-disease.html http://www.medic8.com/healthguide/articles/r aynauds.html
- 31. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/ray naud/ray_diagnosis.html http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/1767 13.php -raynaud disease http://agedcareact.wordpress.com/2007/11/13/w hat-is-raynauds-disease/ - raynaud disease http://bodyandhealth.canada.com/channel_cond ition_info_details.asp?disease_id=110&channel _id=2022&relation_id=16665 –raynaud disease http://edition.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/raynauds- disease/DS00433.html -raynaud disease
- 32. Brunner & Suddarth’s textbook of medical – surgical nursing, 12th edition. Pearson International edition medical – surgical nursing, 4th edition. Joyce.M & Jane Hokanson Hawks medical – surgical nursing, 8th edition.
- 33.