Keynote icdcm Josep Guerrero

1. Advanced Control Architectures
of DC Microgrids
Josep M. Guerrero, Prof. in microgrid, IEEE Fellow
joz@et.aau.dk

2. 2
MicroGrid Research
Programme Areas
AC MicroGrids
DC MicroGrids
 Modeling
 Control & Operation
 Energy Storage
 Protection
 Power Quality
 Standard-based ICT
 Networked Control
 EMS & Optimization
 Multi-Agents
MICROGRID RESEARCH PROGRAMME

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4. Every setup is able to emulate a multi-converter low-voltage
Microgrid, local and energy management control programmed
in dSPACE real-time control platforms.
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555
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888
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9.  Kamstrup Omnia scheme in iMGlab

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Load
Main
Grid
PV
. . . to
Workstation
3-6
Power flow
Load
Main
Grid
PV WT
Local distribution
network
L

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12. Main
Utility Grid
PCC
Household appliances and electronics
The concept of Microgrids
Grid connected
mode
Islanded
mode
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13. Setup 1
Setup 2Setup 3
Setup 5
Setup 6Setup 7
EMS/MGCC

14. • Remote telecom applications
• Coupled renewable systems
• DC powered homes
• Fast HEV charging stations
Basic control
Basic control
Configuration
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15. AC Low voltage MicroGrid
coordinated control:
AC Microgrids:
Bus frequency signaling
DC Microgrids:
Bus voltage signaling
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19. Inner loop:
ESS:Voltage Controlled Mode
RES:Current Controlled Mode
Primary loop:
ESS:Bus signaling control
RES:Virtual inertia control

PWMPIPI
Vref
Vdc

Vdc
Iref
Vin
L
C

PWMPI
Vdc

Vdc
Iref
Vin L
C
PRES
PMPP
Vdc
V*
dc Vmeas
DC Bus
ESS Unit
RES Unit
LPFPI
Vsec
*
Secondary Coordinated Control
Virtual Inertia Control
d
d
iL
iL
2measV

Vdc
SoC

1SoCdV
Table I.
V*
dc
dV
Innerloop control
DVL
Innerloop control
dV
dV
LOAD1
Relay
Demand Side
Control
Table II.
LOAD3
Relay
ON/OFF
LOAD2
RelayON/OFF
DVH
LPF
m
n
CommunicationLink
Low SoC Control
Bus-signaling Control
High SoC Control
Demand Side
Control
Table II.
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Coordinated control when high
SoC

20. 07-07-2015
20
07-07-2015
20 20
Voltage regulator
- Centralized for each dc MG
- Distributed over the MG cluster
- Regulates the voltage inside each MG to the
nominal value when they are not connected.
- Maintains the bus voltages within an
acceptable range when they are connected.
1d iv
LBC
MG-ibus
ji
DC source m
+
DC-DC
Primary control j
...
...
iv
miiv
DC source j
+
DC-DC
Power flow controller (DPFC)

MGv
j
m
jj
PI controller
iSOC
2d iv
( )iG s
avg
iv
Voltage controller (DVSC)
Proposed distributed control
avg
jv
jSOC
FromneighborMGsToneighborMGs
avg
iv,iSOC
ijb
ija
Primary control m
iv
( )iF s
Dynamic consensus protocol
PI controller
SOC estimator
d iSOC
Cybernetwork
Power flow regulator
- Using the distributed voltage regulator
power flow control is achieved.
- Regulates the power flow between dc
MGs when they are connected.
- Power flow is regulated according to
SOC of batteries inside the MGs.
Power flow regulator
- Using the distributed voltage regulator
power flow control is achieved.
- Regulates the power flow between dc
MGs when they are connected.
- Power flow is regulated according to
SOC of batteries inside the MGs.

21. Distributed Hierarchical Control
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22. Distributed Hierarchical Control
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23. DCA based distributed optimization for paralleled DC-DC
Converters
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26. DCA based distributed optimization for paralleled DC-DC
Converters
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27. DCA based distributed optimization for paralleled DC-DC
Converters
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28. DCA based DC MG Modeling
40 1 2 3 5 6 8
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Time (s)
Converter 1~6 Inductor Current
PCC Voltage
Comm Topology 100 ;
0.3;
caT ms



(a) System dynamic under LINE shaped network
7
0.08
40 1 2 3 5 6 87
4
51 3
62
2
36
5 4
1 2
36
5 4
1LINE
RING CROSS FULL
40 1 2 3 5 6
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Time (s)
Comm Topology
(b) System dynamic under RING shaped network
40 1 2 3 5 6
40 1 2 3 5 6
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Time (s)
Comm Topology
(c) System dynamic under CROSS shaped network
40 1 2 3 5 6
40 1 2 3 5 6
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Time (s)
Comm Topology
(d) System dynamic under FULL shaped network
40 1 2 3 5 6
2
36
5 4
1
Converter 1~6 Inductor Current
PCC Voltage
Converter 1~6 Inductor Current
PCC Voltage
Converter 1~6 Inductor Current
PCC Voltage
100 ;
0.29;
caT ms



100 ;
0.22;
caT ms



100 ;
0.17;
caT ms



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29. Hierarchical Control of DC Microgrids
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30. Danish
30http://www.residentialvdc.et.aau.dk

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REbus™ is an open standard for DC electricity distribution.
REbus™ microgrid is a flexible energy network that lets you make and use clean
renewable energy for home, business, school, or neighbourhood. (400V)
Comercial DC Microgrid
31 31http://www.residentialvdc.et.aau.dk

32. 07.07.2015
Industrial/PhD Microgrids Course, Aalborg
University
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Primary Source Units (PSU)
Load Units (LU)
Powerline Communication
• Robust narrowband FSK modulation
• Programmable transmission data rate up to 30kbps
• Programmable communication frequency from
50kHz to 500kHz
• Complete Media Access Control (MAC) logic
• CSMA/CD type collision detection and resolution
• Programmable automatic preamble generation
• Programmable automatic packet-priority
management with four levels
• Error detection (CRC 16)
REbus™
Comercial DC microgrid
32 32http://www.residentialvdc.et.aau.dk

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 Phase I: Design, modelling and control.
 Phase II: Coordination control schemes between microgrid elements, including
communication systems and energy management systems for DC microgrids.
 Phase III: Creation of two Living Labs as a user-centred research concept, to test
innovation systems and elements that can conform a DC microgrid for different
applications.
• Home DC Microgrid Living Lab, at AAU
to research and test DC distribution for
1-2 family houses
• 工业微网设计 Industrial DC Microgrid Living
Lab,
At North China Electrical Power University (China),
for research, demo and test of energy solutions
for commercial buildings.

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Industrial DC Microgrid Living
Laboratory, (NCEPU)
 Phase I: DC MG Topology Design,
Control, Simulation
 Phase II:DC MG Faults Analysis
and Protection
 Phase III: Communication for DC
MG

36. Communicationnetwork
380 Vdc
48 Vdc
Air
conditioner
Ceiling
fan
Refrigerators
Electric Vehicles Flywheels
Chargers
Li-on Batteries
To another DC bus
24 Vdc
48 Vdc
Washing
machine
Led
Lighting
Phase 1.
Phase 2.
Phase 3
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EV charging stations
• Nisan Leaf fast recharge profile
• (Commercially available
CHAdeMO compatible charger
manufactured by ABB):
Fast DC charging
• Most attractive from the vehicle
owner
• point of view (around 30 minutes to
recharge completely depleted
batteries)
• Appropriate for public charging
stations
• Distribution grid may experience
problems
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43. 4343
Stop charging

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Contact:
Josep M. Guerrero
joz@et.aau.dk