This document discusses different types of biofuels including their generation processes. It explains that biofuels are fuels derived from living organisms and biomass. There are three generations of biofuels - first from edible plant materials, second from non-edible plant parts, and third from algae. Key biofuels discussed include biodiesel, biogas, and bioethanol. Biodiesel is made through transesterification of vegetable oils. Biogas is produced through anaerobic digestion of biomass. Bioethanol is generated through fermentation of sugars from crops like corn. The document also outlines benefits and disadvantages of biofuel production.

1. BIOFUEL
GENERATION

2. Biomass Clean fuelsPhysiochemical or
Fermentation processes
Biofuels
Biofuels are fuels made from recently
living organisms.

3. Biomass is organic material
which has stored sunlight in
the form of chemical
energy.
Understanding Biomass
Biomass can be considered as a
renewable energy source, and can be
converted into either direct energy-
carrier compounds by direct
combustion, anaerobic digestion
systems, destructive distillation,
gasification, chemical hydrolysis and
biochemical hydrolysis

4. Biofuel generation resources
Some of the namely biofuel preparation
resources
Agriculture crops
Vegetables oils
Animal fats
Sugars
Algae
Plants remains

5. They can be divided into three
categories
first - generation biofuels are made largely
from edible sugars and starches.
second - generation biofuels are made
from no edible plant materials.
third generation biofuels are made from
algae and microbes.
Classification

6. Understanding Biofuels
Biodiesel
•Mixture of methyl esters and fatty acids
•Prepared from vegetable oils and
animal fats
Biogas
Bioethanol •Produced from agricultural crops
•Produced from biomass

7. Understanding Biofuels
BioPetrol
•Produced from carbon wastes,
sewage sludge, agri-wastes,
bagasse, pulp and paper residues,
tannery sludge and other end-of-life
products such as plastics, tires and
the organics in municipal solid waste
Biomethanol •Produced from biomass but is now
chiefly made from natural gas

8. Understanding Biofuels
Biobutanol •Produced from biomass

9. Bioethanol Generation
Ethanol is another name for ethyl alcohol, or “grain alcohol”
(CH3CH2OH).
Ethanol can be made from
1. Cellulose (recent developments)
2. Sugarcane
3. Potato
4. Corn

11. A successful trial has been conducted to run the Shatabdi Express running
between Delhi and Chandigarh by mixing 20% Jatropha oil with diesel.
Biodiesel
Biodiesel is an ecofriendly clean alternative biodegradable, low
cost, renewable, nontoxic fuel produced from the plant Jatropha
curcas. It contains more oxygen, no petroleum, essentially free of
sulphur & aromatics, cleaner burn at higher temperature and
will reduce green house gas emission. It can be used directly or
blended with petroleum diesel to run the machinery.

12. Resources for Biodiesel
Virgin oil feedstock; rapeseed and soybean oils are
most commonly used, soybean oil alone accounting for
about ninety percent of all fuel stocks; It also can be
obtained from field pennycress and Jatropha other
crops such as mustard, flax, sunflower, canola, palm oil,
hemp, and even algae show promise
Waste vegetable oil (WVO);
Animal fats including tallow, lard, yellow grease,
chicken fat, and the by-products of the production of
Omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil.

13. Biodiesel Generation
Biodiesel is made by chemically altering an organic oil
(typically vegetable oil) through a process called
"transesterification". Essentially, the process thins down
the oil to allow it to run in an unmodified diesel engine.

15. Biodiesel Production Method

16. Biogas

17. Biogas Preparation Method

18. Biogas Preparation Method

19. Biopetrol
Involves liquefying carbon-rich solid fuels
Converting Sewage sludge into synthetic oils
1. Pyrolysis : Thermal breakdown of the molecular structure
to create radical fractions different in size.
2. Stabilization of the radicals by recombining themselves or
by redistribution of hydrogen from the raw material itself or by
hydrogen that is introduced from outside (molecular
hydrogen or from hydrogen-donor matter).

20. Other Alcohols and Ethers
Biobutanol
Biobutanol – butanol made from biomass – can be produced with the
same feedstocks as ethanol but with a modified fermentation and
distillation process. Butanol can be used in standard vehicles in
gasoline blends.
Biomethanol
Methanol is commonly called “wood alcohol.” It can be made from
biomass but is now chiefly made from natural gas. Production of
methanol is one way to make use of remote natural gas that might
not otherwise be brought to market. It has about half the energy
content of gasoline.

21. Benefits of biofuels
Save carbon emission up to 80%
The energy relase per unit mass of biofuels is greater than
that of fossil fuels.
reduce greenhouse gases.
 high crop yields and lower costs for land and labor provide
an economic advantage

22. Disadvantages of Biofuels
Generation
1. More energy is used to make biofuels, than is contained in
the biofuel.
2. Greenhouse gases produced by burning
3. Extra costs of installing technology to process and recycle
wastes.
4. Biodiversity -sacrifice their rainforests to build more oil
plantations
5. first generation biofuels are not sustainable
6. Farmers may move towards biofuel production reducing
food production.

23. Conclusion
• Biodiesel gave the opportunity to give back to the
environment by allowing us to pursue an alternative fuel.
• Biofuel production technology is still very much in the first
generation and has disadvantages.
• Need to evolve revolution in technology to improve
production technology.
• Need to change lifstyles to increase use of biofuels.

26. THANK YOU
This presentation was designed keeping in mind
its advantages in BT-101

27. BUT Stay tuned for clip on
Biodiesel Production

28. Developed by
Mitul
Rawat
Mohit
Rajput
Nikhil
Singla
S.Avinash
Deepak