This document discusses bioethanol production and technology. It begins by introducing bioethanol and explaining its importance as an alternative energy source due to depletion of fossil fuels and environmental concerns. The main steps of bioethanol production are described as fermentation, distillation and dehydration. Common raw materials like sugar, starch and cellulose sources are identified. Microorganisms used in fermentation and different production technologies like sugar fermentation and dry/wet milling processes are outlined. Applications include fuel blending and uses. Advantages include renewability while disadvantages include lower efficiency than petroleum and land use impacts.

1. Class Seminar
B I O E T H A N O L P R O D U C T I O N
A N D T E C H N O L O G Y

2. Submitted to :-
Er. Shivani Garg Mam
Assistant Professor
Institute of Environmental Studies
Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra
Er. Minakshi Suhag Mam
Assistant Professor
Institute of Environmental Studies
Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra

3. Submitted by :-
Ajay Sharma
Roll No. 17
M.Tech 3rd Sem

4. Content :-
1. Introduction
2. Raw Materials
3. Main Steps of Bioethanol Production
4. Microorganisms for Fermentation
5. Flow Chart for Bioethanol Production
6. Bioethanol Production Technologies
7. Applications of Bioethanol
8. Advantages of Bioethanol
9. Disadvantages of Bioethanol

5. Bioethanol
Bioethanol (CH3CH2OH) is a liquid biofuel
which can be produced from several
different biomass feedstocks and
conversion technologies.
In the current time, the importance of
alternative energy source has become even
more necessary due to
1). Depletion of limited fossil fuel stock
2). Safe and better environment

6. Sugar Material
Beet, Sugarcane, Sweet Sorghum,
and fruits
Starchy Material
Corn , Wheat , Rice , Potatoes ,
Cassava , Sweet Potatoes etc
Cellulose Material
Wood, Used Paper, Crop Residues
etc.
RAW MATERIALS :-

7. MAIN Steps for Bioethanol Production :-
1.Fermentation
2.Distillation
3.Dehydration

8. Fermentation :-
Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical
changes in organic substrates through the action of enzymes.
During fermentation, microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and yeast)
metabolize plant sugars and produce ethanol.
Distillation
Distillation is used to separate liquids from nonvolatile
solids, as in the separation of alcoholic liquors from
fermented materials. The objective is to achieve the
closest possible contact between rising vapour and
descending liquid so as to allow only the most volatile
material to proceed in the form of vapour to the
receiver while returning the less volatile material as
liquid toward the still.
DEHYDRATION :-
The production of bioethanol from fermentation route produces
aqueous ethanol solutions. In order to obtain absolute ethanol
from the aqueous ethanol solution, the dehydration process is
carried out

9. Bacteria 1. Zymomonas mobilis
2. Bacillus stereothermophilus
3. Escherichia coli
Yeast 1. Pachysolen cerevisiae
2. Candila Shehatae
3. Pichia Stipitis
Microorganism for
Bioethanol Production

10. C6H10O5 + H2O --- C6H12O6
Starch
Glucose

11. BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION
TECHNOLOGIES

12. Sugar Fermentation
 Hydrolysis process breaks down the
biomass cellulosic portion into sugar solutions
which will then be fermented into ethanol
 Yeast is added and heated to the solution
 Invertase acts as a catalyst and convert the
sucrose sugar into glucose and fructose

13. Dry Milling Process :-
 Clean and break down the corn kernel into
fine particles
 Sugar solution is produced when the
Powder mixture (corn germ/starch and fibre)
is broken down into sucrose by dilute Acid or
enzymes.
 Yeast is added to ferment the coold
mixture into ethanol.

14. Wet Milling Process :-
 Corn kernel is soaked in warm water
 Proteins broke down
 Starch present in the corn is released
(Thus softening the kernel for the milling process
 Microorganisms fiber and starch products are
produced.
 In the Distillation process ethanol is produced.

15. Dilute Acid Hydrolysis :-
Oldest simplest yet efficient method
Hydrolysed the biomass to sucrose
Hemicellulose undergo hydrolysis with the
addition of 7% sulfuric acid under the
temperature 190°C
To generate the more resistant cellulose
portion 4% of sulphuric acid is added at the the

17. Sugarcane
Sucrose
C12H22O11

18. Corn :-

19. Wheat :-

20. Applications of Bioethanol :-
1. Blending of ethanol with a small proportion of volatile fuel such
as gasoline is more cost effective
2. Various mixture of bioethanol with gasoline or diesel fuels are
termed as
E5G to E26G indicates 5-26% ethanol with 95-74 % gasoline)
E85G (85% ethanol , 15% gasoline)
E15D (15% ethanol , 85% Diesel)

21. 3. Transport fuel to to replace gasoline
4. Fuel for power generation by thermal
combustion
5. Fuel for fuel cells by thermochemical reaction
6. Fuel in cogeneration system (P+H)
7. Feedstock in the chemical industry

22. Advantages of Bioethanol :-
1. It is a renewable energy resource
2. Reduce the amount of high octane additives
3. Fuel spills are more easily bio-degraded.
4. Exhaust gases of Ethanol are much cleaner due
to complete combustion of Bioethanol

23. 5.Greenhouse gas reduction
6. Positive Energy Balance
Output of energy during the production is
more than the input.
7. Any plant cell used for the production of
bioethanol if it contains sugar and starch

24. Disadvantages of Bioethanol :-
1. Bioethanol is not as efficient as petroleum.
2. Engines made for working on bio ethanol
cannot be used for petrol or diesel.
3. Used of phosphorus and nitrogen in the
production create negative effect on the
environment.(D.O.)

25. 4. Cold start difficulties because pure ethanol is
difficult to vaporize.
5. Biodiversity will be affected as a large amount
of arable land is required to grow crops.
6. Food vs Fuel Debate
Sacrifice of food crops for biofuel production.

26. Conclusion :-
Bioethanol is responsible for removing the
carbon equivalent of 20 million cars from the
road. … A smaller carbon footprint and an
increase in energy efficiency. Ethanol use
reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 40-45
percent compared to gasoline–even when
hypothetical land use change emissions are
included.

27. 1. David Chiaramonti
Improvement of crop plants for industrial end uses, 209-251, 2007
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-5486-0_8
2. Bioethanol Production (Online Article)
http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/EandE/Web_sites/02-03/biofuels/what_bioethanol.htm
3. Mustafa Vohra, Jagdish Manwar, Rahul Manmode, Satish Padgilwar, Sanjay Patil
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2 (1), 573-584, 2014
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213343713002054
References :-

28. 4. Bioethanol Production
https://www.slideshare.net/sunnyalha/bioethanol-ppt
5. What is Bioethanol (YouTube , skill lync) 30 May 2020
https://youtu.be/bMVbu35M4_k