Biofuels ppt for third year presentation

1. Seminar report on :
BIOFUELS as an alternative
fuel
Presented to : Presented by:
Er. Yastuti Rao Gautam ANUPAM SHARMA
CSJMA19001390280
UIET, CSJM University, Kanpur

2. Content
 INTRODUCTION
 BIOFUELS
 TYPES OF BIOFUELS
 FIRST GENERATION BIO FUELS
(i) BIODIESEL
(ii) BIOETHANOL
 SECOND GENERATION FUELS
 CURRENT RESEARCH
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE

3. FUELS
 Fuels are any materials that store potential energy in forms that can be
practicably released and used as heat energy.
 Fuels are required for a variety of purposes, but are utilized chiefly for
transportation and electricity generations.
Transportaion
 Globally, transportation accounts for 25% of energy demand and nearly
62% of oil consumed.

4. Power Generation
 The generation of electricity is the single largest use of fuel in the
world.
 More than 60 % of power generated comes from fossil fuels.

5. BUT,
If we had replenish fuel sources, what direction should we go in?
• Electric Cars
• Solar Powers
• Wind Powers
OR
FOSSIL FUELS WILL SOON BE EXCAUSTED

6. BIOFUELS
What are biofuels?
Any hydrocarbon fuel that is produced from organic matter
(living or once living material) in a short period of time (days,
weeks, or even months) is considered a Biofuel

7. Biofuel versus Fossil Fuel
 Fossil fuels are not renewable, which means they will run out at some
point. As our ability to pump fossil fuels from the ground diminishes, the
available supply will decrease, which will inevitably lead to an increase in
price.
 Biofuels can be looked upon as a way of energy security which stands as
an alternative of fossil fuels that are limited in availability. Today, the use
of biofuels has expanded throughout the globe.

8. Positives of Biofuels
• The energy content of biodiesel is about 90% that of petroleum diesel.
• The energy content of ethanol is about 50% that of gasoline.
• The energy content of butanol is about 80% that of gasoline.
• Biofuels burn cleaner than fossil fuels, resulting in fewer emissions of
greenhouse gases, particulate emissions, and substances that cause acid
rain such as sulphur.
• Biodiesel is sulphur free.
• Biodiesel has fewer polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which have
been linked to cancer.
• Additionally, biofuels are biodegradable, so if they do spill, less harm is
done compared to when fossil fuels spill

9. Types of Biofuels
Biofuels are often broken into two generations:-
(i) 1st generation biofuels are also called conventional biofuels.
They are made from things like sugar, starch, or vegetable oil.
Note that these are all food products. Any biofuel made from a
feedstock that can also be consumed as a human food is
considered a first generation biofuel.
(ii) 2nd generation biofuels are produced from sustainable
feedstock. No second generation biofuel is also a food crop,
though certain food products can become second generation fuels
when they are no longer useful for consumption. Second
generation biofuels are often called "advanced biofuels."

10. FIRST GENERATION BIOFUELS
The 1st generation of biofuels comes from sugar, starch & vegetable
fats that are solely dependent on food-crops. It also can be sourced
through animal fats.

12. Why biodiesel?
 Biodiesel reduces carbon dioxide exhaust emissions by up to
80%.
 Biodiesel produces 100% less SOx than petroleum.
 Biodiesel reduces exhaust smoke (particulates) emissions by up to
75% so the usual black cloud associated with a diesel engine can
be eliminated

13.  The smell of the biodiesel exhaust is far more pleasant.
 Biodiesel is much easier to handle and does not cause cracking or
redness.
 Biodiesel is much less dangerous to put in vehicle fuel tank as its
flash point is ± 1500C (3000F) as opposed to petroleum diesel ±
700C (1500F).
 Biodiesel provides significant lubricity improvement over
petroleum diesel fuel so engines last longer, with the right
additives engine performance can also be enhanced.

14.  Ethanol or ethyl alcohol is a clear colourless liquid, it is
biodegradable, low in toxicity and causes little environmental
pollution.
 Bioethanol fuel is mainly produced by the sugar fermentation
process, although it can also be manufactured by the chemical
process of reacting ethylene with steam. The main sources of
sugar required to produce ethanol come from fuel or energy
crops. These crops are grown specifically for energy use and
include corn, maize and wheat crops, waste straw, willow and
trees, sawdust, reed canary grass, cord grasses, Jerusalem
artichoke, miscanthus and sorghum plants.
Bioethanol

15.  By blending ethanol with gasoline we can also oxygenate the fuel
mixture so it burns more completely and reduces polluting
emissions. Ethanol fuel blends are widely sold in the United
States. The most common blend is 10% ethanol and 90% petrol
(E10).

16. 2nd Generation Biofuels
• 2nd generation biofuels are produced from sustainable feedstock. The sustainability of a
feedstock is defined by its availability, its impact on greenhouse gas emissions, its impact on
land use, and by its potential to threaten the food supply.
• To qualify as a second generation, a feedstock must not be suitable for human consumption
and
 Should grow on marginal (non-agricultural) land
 Should not require a great amount of water or fertilizer
 Certain food products can become second generation fuels when they are no longer
useful for consumption
 waste vegetable oil (2nd generation feedstock)
 Virgin vegetable oil (1st generation feedstock)
• Second generation biofuels are also referred to as “advanced biofuels”

17. First generation and second generation biofuel

18. Current Research
 Research is on going into finding more suitable biofuel crops and
improving the oil yields of these crops. Using the current yields, vast
amounts of land and fresh water would be needed to produce enough oil
to completely replace fossil fuel usage. It would require twice the land
area of the US to be devoted to soybean production, or two-thirds to be
devoted to rapeseed production, to meet current US heating and
transportation needs.
 The NFESC, with Santa Barbara-based Biodiesel Industries, is working to
develop biofuels technologies for the US navy and military, one of the
largest diesel fuel users in the world. A group of Spanish developers
working for a company called Ecofasa announced a new biofuel made
from trash. The fuel is created from general urban waste which is treated
by bacteria to produce fatty acids, which can be used to make biofuels.

19. Conclusion
 Historically, conventional fossil fuels have been used for vehicles for long
time, but the decline of available fossil fuels drives the exploration of
alternative energies. Alternative fuels provide ways to shift energy
consumption to less carbon, low pollution and more energy diversity.
Compared with transitional fuel, alternative fuels have superiority in
environment impact, sustainability and energy efficiency. Some of them
have been used in reality and shown the potential for future fuel.
 Biofuel is another potential fuel for future vehicle in short-term and mid-
term. In order to produce biofuel more environmentally, however, current
production methods need to be more advanced.

20. References
 http://biofuel.org.uk/advantages-of-biofuels.html
 http://biofuel.org.uk/disadvantages-of-biofuels.html
 http://biofuel.org.uk/biofuel-facts.html
 http://www.energy4me.org/energy-facts/energy-sources/biofuels/3/
 http://www.energy4me.org/energy-facts/energy-sources/biofuels/3/
 http://biofuel.org.uk/biofuel-facts.html
 https://www.google.com/search?q=Biofuels&biw=790&bih=639&source=lnms&tbm
=isch&sa=X&ei=mZROVOfXE-PuigLu5oGYCQ&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAg#imgdii=_