This document discusses biofuels as a renewable energy source. It notes that fossil fuel reserves will eventually be depleted, so scientists are looking at alternatives like biofuels. Biofuels are fuels derived from biological carbon fixation, such as plant biomass or waste. They offer advantages like reducing dependence on fossil fuels and emissions. Common biofuels include ethanol from sugar/starch crops and biodiesel from plant oils, with biodiesel being popular in Europe. While biofuels provide benefits, their production also has some disadvantages like higher costs.

1. Biofuel
BY
K. Deepak Raj
K. Gautham Reddy
Ankit Mittal

2. WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY?
 Increased the demand of energy in developing countries due to fast growing
population, rapid modernization and industrialization.
 The reserve will be depleted one day. In addition, the dependency on these
fossil fuels, which are largely been imported, has serious implications on
economy and environment.
 Scientist say that up to 2040,all the resources of fossil fuels will be finished.
So for this reason scientist are focus their view on the alternative renewable
energy resource such as solar energy, biogas, biodiesel, wind power, tidal
energy etc

3. World Energy scenario
35%
24%
21%
11%
7% 2%
1%
Oil
Coal
Natural gas
Renewable
source
Nuclear

4. World Energy Consumption

5. Fossil Fuel Usage

6. Biofuels

7. What is Biofuel?
 A biofuel is a type of fuel whose energy is
derived from biological carbon fixation.
 Fuel which produced from renewable
biological resources such as plant
biomass and treated municipal and
industrial waste.

8. Why biofuels?

9. Why biofuels?
 To reduce our dependence on fossil fuels
 To reduce reliance on foreign oil
 To lower emissions of greenhouse gases
 To bring business to rural economics

11. Advantages of biofuels
 There is no emission of hazardous gases
 Locally available in every region of the
world.
 Friendly with the environment, so they do
not cause global warming
 The energy release per unit mass of biofuel
is greater than the energy released from
the unit mass of fossil fuels.

13. Two methods to form biofuel
1. Sugar crops and starch are grown and
through process of fermentation, ethanol
is produced.
2. Plants are grown naturally to produce oil
like algae. Oils are heated to reduce
viscosity, then directly used as a fuel for
diesel engines

14. Types of Biofuels
• Made from sugar, starch, and vegetable oil.
First generation Biofuel
• Made from non-edible plant materials.
Second generation Biofuel
• Made from algae and microbes.
Third generation Biofuel

15. Biodiesel
Biodiesel is a famous biofuel in Europe
 Produced from oils or fats using trans-
esterification after mixing the biomass with
methanol and sodium hydroxide.
 methanol and sodium hyrox
Used for car diesel engi
PrProduced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide
♫ Used for car diesel engines
oduced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide
♫ Used for car diesel engines

16. Making Biodiesel
Inputs:
 Fat/Vegetable Oil (“Feedstock”)
 Methanol/Ethanol
 Catalyst - “Lye” (Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium
Hydroxide)
 Water
Outputs:
 Biodiesel
 Dirty Water
 Glycerine

17. World Biodiesel Production

18. Biodiesel production in Bl, 1991-2010, in the world and main producing
countries; Source: INRA estimations from various sources

19. Application of Biodiesel
 car diesel engine
 effective solvent
 oxygenated fuel

20. Advantages of biodiesel
 Biodiesel can be termed clean fuel as it does not
contain carcinogens and its sulphur content is also
lesser than the mineral diesel.
 It possesses high biodegradability and lubricating
property
 Improves engine efficiency and operating life cycle.
 Domestic resource,
 Readily mixes with petroleum diesel fuel in any ratio
 Higher flash point makes it safer in transport and
storage;
 Greatly reduces particulate matter and carbon
monoxide emissions.

22. Blends of biodiesel
Blends of biodiesel and conventional
hydrocarbon-based diesel are often used
and specified in terms of "B" factor to state
the amount of biodiesel in any fuel mix.
• 100% biodiesel is referred to as B100
• 20% biodiesel, 80% petrodiesel is
labeled B20
• 5% biodiesel, 95% petrodiesel is labeled B5
• 2% biodiesel, 98% petrodiesel is labeled B2

24. Disadvantages of biodiesel
 Higher production cost.
 The resources like corn,soyabean etc are
extensively used for biodiesel leading to
increase in demand and inturn increasing
the prices of them.
 Poor low temperature properties.

26. CONCLUSION
Biofuel production has lead to :
 Power to local community
 Improving agriculture
 Rural electrification
 Job creation