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Biofuels
This document discusses biofuels as a renewable energy source. It notes that fossil fuel reserves will eventually be depleted, so scientists are looking at alternatives like biofuels. Biofuels are fuels derived from biological carbon fixation, such as plant biomass or waste. They offer advantages like reducing dependence on fossil fuels and emissions. Common biofuels include ethanol from sugar/starch crops and biodiesel from plant oils, with biodiesel being popular in Europe. While biofuels provide benefits, their production also has some disadvantages like higher costs.
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Biofuels
- 1. Biofuel BY K. Deepak Raj K.Gautham Reddy Ankit Mittal
- 2. WHY RENEWABLE ENERGY? Increased the demand of energy in developing countries due to fast growing population, rapid modernization and industrialization. The reserve will be depleted one day. In addition, the dependency on these fossil fuels, which are largely been imported, has serious implications on economy and environment. Scientist say that up to 2040,all the resources of fossil fuels will be finished. So for this reason scientist are focus their view on the alternative renewable energy resource such as solar energy, biogas, biodiesel, wind power, tidal energy etc
- 3. World Energy scenario 35% 24% 21% 11% 7%2% 1% Oil Coal Natural gas Renewable source Nuclear
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- 7. What is Biofuel? A biofuel is a type of fuel whose energy is derived from biological carbon fixation. Fuel which produced from renewable biological resources such as plant biomass and treated municipal and industrial waste.
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- 9. Why biofuels? Toreduce our dependence on fossil fuels To reduce reliance on foreign oil To lower emissions of greenhouse gases To bring business to rural economics
- 11. Advantages of biofuels There is no emission of hazardous gases Locally available in every region of the world. Friendly with the environment, so they do not cause global warming The energy release per unit mass of biofuel is greater than the energy released from the unit mass of fossil fuels.
- 13. Two methods toform biofuel 1. Sugar crops and starch are grown and through process of fermentation, ethanol is produced. 2. Plants are grown naturally to produce oil like algae. Oils are heated to reduce viscosity, then directly used as a fuel for diesel engines
- 14. Types of Biofuels •Made from sugar, starch, and vegetable oil. First generation Biofuel • Made from non-edible plant materials. Second generation Biofuel • Made from algae and microbes. Third generation Biofuel
- 15. Biodiesel Biodiesel is afamous biofuel in Europe Produced from oils or fats using trans- esterification after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hydroxide. methanol and sodium hyrox Used for car diesel engi PrProduced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide ♫ Used for car diesel engines oduced after mixing the biomass with methanol and sodium hyroxide ♫ Used for car diesel engines
- 16. Making Biodiesel Inputs: Fat/VegetableOil (“Feedstock”) Methanol/Ethanol Catalyst - “Lye” (Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium Hydroxide) Water Outputs: Biodiesel Dirty Water Glycerine
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- 18. Biodiesel production inBl, 1991-2010, in the world and main producing countries; Source: INRA estimations from various sources
- 19. Application of Biodiesel car diesel engine effective solvent oxygenated fuel
- 20. Advantages of biodiesel Biodiesel can be termed clean fuel as it does not contain carcinogens and its sulphur content is also lesser than the mineral diesel. It possesses high biodegradability and lubricating property Improves engine efficiency and operating life cycle. Domestic resource, Readily mixes with petroleum diesel fuel in any ratio Higher flash point makes it safer in transport and storage; Greatly reduces particulate matter and carbon monoxide emissions.
- 22. Blends of biodiesel Blendsof biodiesel and conventional hydrocarbon-based diesel are often used and specified in terms of "B" factor to state the amount of biodiesel in any fuel mix. • 100% biodiesel is referred to as B100 • 20% biodiesel, 80% petrodiesel is labeled B20 • 5% biodiesel, 95% petrodiesel is labeled B5 • 2% biodiesel, 98% petrodiesel is labeled B2
- 24. Disadvantages of biodiesel Higher production cost. The resources like corn,soyabean etc are extensively used for biodiesel leading to increase in demand and inturn increasing the prices of them. Poor low temperature properties.
- 26. CONCLUSION Biofuel production haslead to : Power to local community Improving agriculture Rural electrification Job creation
Editor's Notes
- #20 contains a reduced amount of carbon and higher hydrogen and oxygen content than fossil diesel