Biofuel is fuel for the future. It makes a country fuel independent as well as technologically advanced with good environment. Be energy efficient. Prepare to conserve and be safe.

1. FUTURE OF BIOFUEL
Fuel for future
Barsha Bharati
M .Sc biotechnology

3. General Outline of Presentation
What is
biofuel?
PIONEERS
The
Generations
of biofuel
Biofuel types
Production
processes
USES
Advantages
and
Disadvantage
s

4. CONTENTS OF FUTURISM
Research by Institutions
Biofuel Organisms #feed
stock
Major Producers by region
Companies producing Biofuels
A hope #Vision 2050

5. What is Biofuel?
 A biofuel is defined as any fuel whose energy is obtained
through a process of biological carbon fixation.
 Biological carbon fixation: A carbon fixation that converts
carbon dioxide into organic molecule found in a living
organism.
 If any of those organic molecules can be used to provide
energy in a mechanical setting, we call it a fuel.
 Any hydrocarbon fuel that is produced from organic matter
(living or once living material) in a short period of time
(days, weeks, or even months) is considered as biofuel.
 This contrasts with fossil fuels, which take millions of years
to form and with other types of fuel which are not based on
hydrocarbons (nuclear fission, for instance).

6. Pioneers
Nikolas August Otto
Rudolf Diesel
“peanut oil using Diesel engine”
Henry Ford
“model T car”

7. The Generations of biofuel
• Conventional biofuels
• Produced from food crops (corn, sugar cane, soybeans, vegetable oils, wheat, sugar beets, rapeseed,
peanut)
• But these are vital part of food chain
First
generation
• Generally not food crops or already fulfilled their food purposes #sustainable food crops
• Second generation extraction technology (Thermo chemical conversion- gasification, pyrolysis,
torrefaction, biochemical conversion)
• Feed stock- Jatropha, switch grasses, indiangrass, waste vegetable oils, Municipal solid waste
Second
generation
• No feed stock can match the quantity and diversity of fuel potential derived from algae
• List of fuels- biodiesel, butanol, gasoline, ethanol, methane, ethanol, jet fuel
• Cultivation by open ponds, closed loop systems, photobioreactors
• potential to mitigate most of the drawbacks of 1st and 2nd generation biofuels
Third
Generation

8. Biofuel Production

9. USES:
 Transportations
 Power generation
 Heat
Advantages and Disadvantages
 Availability
 Environment Friendly
 Less spills and surface contsamination
 Less sulphur and atmospheric
contamination
 Reduce some green house gas emission
 Energy independence to a country
 Regional suitability
 Food security
 Land use changes
 Monoculture, genetic engineering, biodiversity
 Also contribute to global warming

10. Research by Institutions

12. Everything from vegetable oil to coffee grounds
to exotic plants like Jatropha can be used to
produce biodiesel. As long as the plant produces
triglycerides (fats and oils), it can be used to
produce biodiesel.
Bioethanol is produced from things like corn,
sugarcane, and the non-edible parts of plants.
The latter feedstock leads to the production of
cellulosic ethanol.

13. Major Producers by region
Region Fuel Production (liters) Major
Feedstock
Europe 10 Billion Corn/Soybean
North America 40 Billion Corn/Soybean
South America 25 Billion Corn/Sugar
Cane
Africa
(including Middle
East)
2 Billion Animal
Dung/Jatroph
a
Australia/ Asia 4 Billion Palm Oil
TOTAL ~81 Billion Corn

14. Region Biodiesel
Production
(liters)
Major Feedstock
Europe 7 Billion Canola/Soybean/
Barley
North America 3 Billion Soybean
South America 4 Billion Castor
bean/Sunflower
Africa
(including
Middle East)
Limited Limited
Australia/ Asia 1 Billion Soybean/Jatroph
a/used cooking
oil/Coconut/Palm
TOTAL 15 Billion

15. Companies producing Biofuels
 Algenol, United States
 Blue Marble Energy, United States
 Chemrec, Sweden
 DuPont Danisco, United States
 Fujian Zhongde Energy Co., Ltd, China
 Gushan Environmental Energy, China
 PetroSun, United States

16. Indian companies
 Universal biofuel pvt ltd, Hyderabad
 Indian bioenergy, Bangalore
 Shirke Biofuels, Pune
 Emami Biotech ltd, Kolkata
 Bharat Renewable Energy Limited, lucknow

17. Current trends:
 Most gasoline and diesel fuels in North America and Europe are blended with biofuel.
 Biodiesl accounts for about 3% of the German market and 0.15% of the U.S. market.
 About 1 billion gallons of biodiesel are produced annually.
 Bioethanol is more popular in the Americas while biodiesel is more popular in Europe.
 The U.S. and Brazil produce 87% of the world's fuel ethanol.
 More than 22 billion gallons of fuel ethanol are produced each year.
 Ethanol is added to gasoline to improve octane and reduce emissions.
 Biodiesel is added to petroleum-based diesel to reduce emissions and improve engine life.
 Concerns about the global price of food have resulted in many nations revising
(downward) plans for biofuel production and use
 Biofuels, like fossil fuels, come in a number of forms and meet a number of different
energy needs. The class of biofuels is subdivided into two generations, each of which
contains a number of different fuels that will be explored in this article

18.  United Nations International Biofuels Forum (IBF)
 If the biofuel industry could be said to have a single guiding body, it would have to be
the U.N. International Biofuels Forum (IBF). The IBF was formed in 2007 to facilitate
the sharing of information between biofuel producers and to link producers and
consumers. It was recognized early on that biofuels would become a major commodity
in the energy sector and that facilitating their development in a responsible way would
have benefit for all segments of society.
 Member Countries
 Brazil
 China
 India
 South Africa
 United States
 European Commision

19. A hope #Vision 2050
 Promote the sustained production and use of biofuels
 Link countries with agricultural potential to countries with
production capacity and technology
 Promote environmentally responsible biofuel production
 Set industry standards
 Biodiesel standards and ratings vary dramatically from region to
region
 Develop joint measurement standards
 Share technical expertise and facilitate partnerships

20. “
”
We will explore biofuels in more depth. For now keep an
open mind and consider that there is no magic bullet
when it comes to meet our energy needs. Good energy
policies should include being observant , being patient,
avoid knee jerk reactions and relying on good science to
guide our decisions.
FUEL FOR FUTURE
THANK YOU

21. References:
 Biofuel.org.uk
 Biofuels and their co products as live stock feed, global economic and
environmental implications, Jozsefz et al. PMC- 2016
 Microalgae as sustainable, Renewable energy feed stock for biofuel
production, Srikanth et al. PMC4385614- 2015
 Next generation biofuel engineering in prokaryotes, luisa eta al. 2013