Biofuel and their classification. Extraction methods. Their role on saving the environment and conservation of fossil fuels. Leading countries on biofuel production. Their advantages and disadvantages .

1. POST GRADUATE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
BERHAMPUR UNIVERSITY
 PRESENTED BY:-
Sibadatta Maharana
M.Sc Botany Part-2
Roll No. - BY3420
8TH July 2021
BIOFUEL

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 CLASSIFICATION
 METHODS OF PRODUCTION
 USES
 BIOFUEL PRODUCTION AROUND THE GLOBE
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGES
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 Biofuel is derived from biomass or organic wastes like plant, algae, or
animal waste . Biofuel is considered to be a great source of renewable
energy . And it is a great approach on the fossil fuel conservation in the
coming future.
 There are 2 types of biofuels -1)Liquid and 2) Gaseous
 Liquid biofuels are – bioethanol, biodiesel, bioethers , vegetable oils etc.
 Gaseous biofuels are biogas or biomethane and syngas
 The most common and widely produced biofuels are – biomethanol
,biodiesel , biomethane.

4. CLASSIFICATION
Biofuels are classified into 3 generations according to their raw
materials or the feedstocks .
 1st Generation Biofuels
• Fuels are made from food crops such as corn, sugar cane , maize and
vegetable oil are called as 1st generation biofuels .
• These are called as conventional biofuels and can be mixed with the
fossil fuels in any ratio.
• 1st generation biofuels are mainly bioethanol and biodiesel .
• These are obtained by fermentation and transesterification .

5.  2nd Generation Biofuels
• These are the advanced form of biofuels. And these are mainly obtained
from lignocellulosic materials .
• Feedstocks are non food, cheap ,plant waste , animal fat, agricultural and
forest residue ,grass ,aquatic biomass , straws, sugarcane bagasse,
oil and waste vegetable oil etc.
 3rd Generation Biofuels
• Algal biofuels are the third generation biofuels.
• Algae which are used in this process are mainly Chlorella, Dunaliela
,Chlamydomonas , Scenedesmus .
• And the fuel obtained here is bioethanol .

6. METHODS OF PRODUCTION
Bioethanol
 The history of ethanol fuel in Brazil dates from the 1970s and relates to
Brazil’s sugarcane.
 Wheat, corn, sugar beet, sugar cane, molasses, any sugar or starch rich
plants are used as feedstocks.
 Bioethanol is produced by the action of microorganisms particularly
yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) through fermentation of sugars or
starches and cellulose .

7. Process of Bioethanol Fermentation from Sugar

8. Biodiesel
 In 1890s Rudolf Diesel was the first person who made biodiesel from
vegetable oil.
 All fats and oils consist of triglycerides.
 Transesterification describes the reaction where glycerol is replaced with a
lighter and less viscous alcohol – e.g. Methanol or ethanol .
 A catalyst (KOH or NaOH) is needed to break the glycerol-FA bonds .
Transesterification of Triglycerides

9. Process of making biodiesel from feedstock

10. Biogas
• Obtained from cow manure, fruit and vegetable waste through anaerobic
respiration .
• Produced from anaerobic digestion in anaerobic digesters (AD)
• The anaerobic digestion starts with hydrolysis followed by fermentation
then acetogenesis and methanogenesis .
• Microbes used in the process are –
• Acetogens - Syntrophomonas wolfei , Clostridium formicoaceticum
Methanogens - Methanosaeta , Methanosarcina

11. Biogas Digester Conversion of defferent organic matters into
biomethane

12. USES
 Biofuels are used in transportation , electricity and Cooking .
 Used as fuel in aircrafts , railways , road vehicles etc .
 Biogas is used as cooking , heating and lighting .
 Bioethanol is a direct alternate for petrol.
 Biodiesel is used as petroleum diesel .

13. BIOFUEL PRODUCTION AROUND THE
GLOBE
 Various countries make biofuel around the globe for the energy requirement in
transportation , electricity and cooking etc.
 Countries with highest amount of biofuel production are US ,Brazil , Germany,
China, Argentina ,France , Indonesia etc.
 India is a developing country in the field of Biofuel production .India is extending
plantations of jatropha, an oil-producing tree that is used in biodiesel production.
The Indian sugar ethanol program sets a target of 5% bioethanol incorporation
into transport fuel.
 National Biofuel Agency was adopted in an effective manner in 2008 .
 But due to lack of encouragement and biomass supply its difficult to produce
biofuel.

15. ADVANTAGES
 Biofuels are renewable energy sources.
 Easy to source .
 Use of biofuel reduces air pollution.
 Reduces the amount of green house gases .
 Better waste disposal leads to reduced pollution in soil and water .
 No sulfur content reduces the chances of acid rain .
 A better alternate for fossil fuels hence leads to the energy conservation .
 Economic security .
 Environment friendly if spilled accidentally .

16. DISADVANTAGES
 High cost of production .
 Industrial pollution .
 Shortage of food.
 Use of fertilizers .
 Faster degradation .
 Biodiesel is less oxidatively stable than petroleum diesel fuel.
 Poor cold weather performance of liquid fuels .
 Rising of fuel price in the future .

17. CONCLUSION
 Use of biofuel can lead to lower the global warming and green house
effect . And can be a great alternate of fossil fuel .
 Though there are disadvantages in the production cost , more research
are required on this field to make it economically viable and extraction of
better quality of fuel.

18. Thank You