Preparation of the LAB reagents
How to prepare:
For the Qualitative analysis (identification) of anions and cations from inorganic salt solutions.
1. For sulphate (SO42¯) identification
a. Dilute (6M) Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
b. 0.1M Barium chloride (BaCl2) or Barium nitrate {Ba(NO3)2¬} solution
2. For halide ions identification
a. Dilute nitric acid (2M)
b. 5% Silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution
c. Dilute ammonium hydroxide solution (2M)
d. Concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution (~9M)
3. For nitrate ion identification
a. Concentrated Hydrochloric acid (37%) {÷Conc. Sulphuric acid }
b. 5% Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) solution
4. For Acetate ion identification
a. Dilute Hydrochloric acid
b. 0.2M Ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution
A. For group I cations
a. Dilute hydrochloric acid (6M)
b. Ammonia solution (9M)
c. Potassium chromate (1M)
B. For group II cations
a. Nitric acid (6M)
b. Stannous chloride (0.1M)
c. Concentrated Ammonia solution (9M)
d. Dilute Ammonia solution (2M)
e. Dilute Sodium hydroxide solution (2M)
C. For group III cations
a. Ammonia solution (9M)
b. Ammonia solution (2M)
c. Potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) [250 mg in 10 mL]
d. Potassium thiocyanate [250 mg in 10 mL]
e. Sodium hydroxide (2M)
f. Sodium hydroxide (10M)
Water is the most common reagent used in the laboratory, and while water quality can often be overlooked, the grade of water being used in an application is critical. Minute traces of salts or biological contaminants can result in unfortunate consequences when culturing cells or performing analytical measurements of biological macromolecules.
Water is the most common reagent used in the laboratory, and while water quality can often be overlooked, the grade of water being used in an application is critical. Minute traces of salts or biological contaminants can result in unfortunate consequences when culturing cells or performing analytical measurements of biological macromolecules.
Different types of solution, Properties of colloid particles, Brownian movement, Tyndall phenomenon, Solvent, Homogenous mixture, Heterogenous mixture, Normal saline, Dialysis, Mechanism of dialyzer, Gibbs-Donnan Equilibrium, Salient features of Donnan membrane equilibrium, Law of mass action, Adsorption,Adsorbents
Different types of solution, Properties of colloid particles, Brownian movement, Tyndall phenomenon, Solvent, Homogenous mixture, Heterogenous mixture, Normal saline, Dialysis, Mechanism of dialyzer, Gibbs-Donnan Equilibrium, Salient features of Donnan membrane equilibrium, Law of mass action, Adsorption,Adsorbents
B. Pharm. (Honours) Part-III Practical, Analytical Pharmacy,MANIKImran Nur Manik
a) Assay of acetyl salicylic acid in aspirin tablets.
b) Assay of sodium salicylate tablets
c) Determination of potency of penicillin tablets.
d) Non- aqueous assay of phenobarbitone tablets.
e) Determination of calcium in solid & liquid dosage form by complexometric titration.
f) Assay of promethazine hydrochloride.
g) Assay of methamphetamine hydrochloride
h) Assay of aluminum hydroxide gel.
i) Assay of milk of magnesia
j) Assay of magnesium and aluminum from antacid preparation.
k) Determination of iodine value, saponification value, acid value and R.M. value of oils and fats
Solution to the Mathematical Problems from Bahl Tuli MANIKImran Nur Manik
Bhal tuli math problems up
Solution to the Mathematical Problems from Bahl Tuli MANIK
Chapter: Solution
Book: Essentials of physical chemistry
(Multicolor Edn. 2009)
a) Assay of acetyl salicylic acid in aspirin tablets.
b) Assay of sodium salicylate tablets
c) Determination of potency of penicillin tablets.
d) Non- aqueous assay of phenobarbitone tablets.
e) Determination of calcium in solid & liquid dosage form by complexometric titration.
f) Assay of promethazine hydrochloride.
g) Assay of methamphetamine hydrochloride
h) Assay of aluminum hydroxide gel.
i) Assay of milk of magnesia
j) Assay of magnesium and aluminum from antacid preparation.
k) Determination of iodine value, saponification value, acid value and R.M. value of oils and fats.
Standardization of Acids and bases.
2. Determination of pKa and pKb values
3. Preparation of solutions of different pH & buffer capacities.
4. Determination of phase diagram of binary systems.
Determination of distribution coefficients.
6. Determination of molecular weight by Victor Meyer’s Method.
7. Determination of heats of solutions by measuring solubility as a function of temperature
(Van’t Hoff equation.)
A. Qualitative analysis of metal ions and acid radicals:
Na+, K+, Ca+2, Ag+, Mn+4, Fe+2, Fe+3, Co+2, Mg+2, Al+3, Cu+2 and acid radicals CO3,
halides, Citrate
SO4-2, NO3-, SO3-2, etc.
B. Identification of inorganic drugs in their formulation:
1. Ca+2, from supplied preparations
2. Fe+2 from supplied preparations
3. Al+3 from supplied preparations
4. Mg+2 from supplied preparations
5. K+ from supplied reparations
6. Na+ from supplied preparations
C. Conversion of different water insoluble or sparingly soluble drugs into water soluble
forms:
1. Na/ K – salicylate from salicylic acid
2. Na/ K – benzoate from benzoic acid
3. Na/ K – citrate from citric acid
Plants in complimentary and traditional systems of medicine MANIKanikImran Nur Manik
Plants in complimentary and traditional systems of medicine: Introduction-different types of
alternative systems of treatments (e.g. Ayurvedic, Unani and Homeopathic medicine). Contribution
of traditional drugs to modern medicines. Details of some common indigenous traditional drugs:
Punarnava, Vashaka, Anantamul, Arjuna, Chirata, Picrorhiga, Kalomegh, Amla, Asoka, Bahera,
Haritaki, Tulsi, Neem, Betel nut, Joan, Karela, Shajna, Carrot, Bael, Garlic, Jam and Madar.
Crude drugs: A general view of their origin, distributions, cultivation, collection, drying and
storage, commerce and quality control.
a) Classification of drugs.
b) Preparation of drugs for commercial market
c) Evaluation of crude drugs.
d) Drug adulteration.
Carbohydrate and related compounds: Sugars and sugar containing drugs. Sucrose,
dextrose, glucose, fructose etc. Polysaccharides and polysaccharide containing drugs,
Starches, dextrins etc. Gums and mucilages, tragacanth, acacia, sterculia, sodium
alginate, agar and cellulose.
Volatile oils and related terpenoids-Methods of obtaining volatile oils,
chemistry, their medicinal and commercial uses, biosynthesis of some important
volatile oils used as drugs.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
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1. Preparation of Reagents
Md. Imran Nur Manik ; Lecturer Page 0
Department of Pharmacy; Northern University Bangladesh (NUB).
Prepared By
Md. Imran Nur Manik
Lecturer
Department of Pharmacy
Northern University Bangladesh
2. Preparation of Reagents
Md. Imran Nur Manik ; Lecturer Page 1
Department of Pharmacy; Northern University Bangladesh (NUB).
How to prepare:
For the Qualitative analysis (identification) of anions and cations from inorganic salt
solutions.
1. For sulphate (SO42
¯) identification
a. Dilute (6M) Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
b. 0.1M Barium chloride (BaCl2) or Barium nitrate {Ba(NO3)2} solution
2. For halide ions identification
a. Dilute nitric acid (2M)
b. 5% Silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution
c. Dilute ammonium hydroxide solution (2M)
d. Concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution (~9M)
3. For nitrate ion identification
a. Concentrated Hydrochloric acid (37%) {÷Conc. Sulphuric acid }
b. 5% Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) solution
4. For Acetate ion identification
a. Dilute Hydrochloric acid
b. 0.2M Ferric chloride (FeCl3) solution
A. For group I cations
a. Dilute hydrochloric acid (6M)
b. Ammonia solution (9M)
c. Potassium chromate (1M)
B. For group II cations
a. Nitric acid (6M)
b. Stannous chloride (0.1M)
c. Concentrated Ammonia solution (9M)
d. Dilute Ammonia solution (2M)
e. Dilute Sodium hydroxide solution (2M)
C. For group III cations
a. Ammonia solution (9M)
b. Ammonia solution (2M)
c. Potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) [250 mg in 10 mL]
d. Potassium thiocyanate [250 mg in 10 mL]
e. Sodium hydroxide (2M)
f. Sodium hydroxide (10M)
Md.
Imran
Nur
manik
3. Preparation of Reagents
Md. Imran Nur Manik ; Lecturer Page 2
Department of Pharmacy; Northern University Bangladesh (NUB).
Reagents and their preparations including their shelf life:
01. Dilute (6M) Hydrochloric Acid (25mL) solution. Purity 37% and Density 1.19g/mL:
Method of Preparation:
Take 12.435 mL hydrochloric acid in 100 mL volumetric flask.Now completely dissolve it with a small
volume of D.W. Finally adjust the volume up to mark by adding distilled water Q.S.
Calculation: We know, W=SMV÷1000
Here, strength of HCl, S=6M, Volume,V=25 mL,
Molecular weight of HCl, M= 1+35.5=36.5 gm/mol,
Required amount W=?
Now, W={(636.525)÷1000} gm =5.475 gm
Since, ρ=M÷V; Here, ρ=1.9 gm/mL and M=5.475gm, Thus, V=(5.475÷1.19) mL =4.6008 mL.
On the other hand, purity of HCl=37%,
That means, 37 mL is present in=100 mL
∴ 4.6008 mL is present in= {(1004.6008)÷37} mL =12.435 mL of HCl
Shelf Life: 03(Three) months from the date of preparation.
Question: Calculate the volume of concentrated HCl, having a density of 1181 g/L and containing 36.5 %
HCl by weight, needed to prepare 500 mL of a 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution?
=======================
To prepare 500 mL of a 0.1 mol/L solution of hydrochloric acid we will need to dilute 4.22917 mL of
36.5 % HCl to a final volume of 500 mL with deionized (distilled) water.
SOURCE:
-------------
Name: Hydrochloric acid
Formula: HCl
Formula weight: 36.461 g/mol
CAS Number: 7647-01-0
NFPA: Health 3, Flammability 0, Instability 1, Special
CALCULATION:
-------------
The key concept is that the amount of solute in the desired solution must be equal to the amount of
solute in the source solution. Remember, the concentration is the amount of a solute divided by the
volume of the solution.
Before we make any calculations we have to make sure that we only use one system and one unit of
measurement. DO NOT mix measurement systems and units.
Desired solution:
V0 = (500 mL×1÷1000)L = 0.5 L
c0 = 0.1 mol/L
Source solutions:
w1 = 36.5 % = (36.5× 1)÷100 = 0.365
d1 = 1181 g/L
--------------------------------
Then, we determine the concentration of the source (stock) solution
c1 = d(HCl)× w(HCl) / M(HCl)
c1 =( 1181 g/L× 0.365 )÷36.4609 g/mol
c1 = 11.8227 mol/L
Md.
Imran
Nur
manik
4. Preparation of Reagents
Md. Imran Nur Manik ; Lecturer Page 3
Department of Pharmacy; Northern University Bangladesh (NUB).
Since the total amount of solute is the same before and after dilution, the volume of stock
solution needed is
V1 = (V0 × c0 )÷ c1
V1 = (0.5 L × 0.1 mol/L )÷ 11.8227 mol/L
V1 = 0.00422917 L
To convert the result into a desired unit we will use dimensional analysis again
V(36.5 % HCl) = 0.00422917 L= (0.00422917×1000) mL = 4.22917 mL
Method:02- Calculation:
We know, W=SMV÷1000
Here, strength of HCl, S=0.1M,
Volume, V=500 mL,
Molecular weight of HCl, M= 36.4609 g/mol
Required amount W=?
Now, W={(0.136.4609500)÷1000} gm =1.823045 gm
As the purity of the solution is 36.5% (w/w) thus , 36.5 gram is present in 100 gm
Since, the density is 1181 g/L=1.181 g/mL
Thus , 1.181gm=1 mL So, 100 gm= {(100×1)÷1.181} mL= 84.67400508 mL
That means, 36.5 gm is present in=84.67400508 mL
∴ 1.823045 gm is present in= {(1004.6008)÷37} mL =4.229165011 mL of HCl
Method-03: Calculation:
We know, W=SMV÷1000
Here, strength of HCl, S=0.1M,
Volume, V=500 mL,
Molecular weight of HCl, M= 36.4609 g/mol
Required amount W=?
Now, W={(0.136.4609500)÷1000} gm =1.823045 gm
As the purity of the solution is 36.5% (w/w) thus , 36.5 gram is present in 100 gm
Since, the density is 1181 g/L=1.181 g/mL
Thus, 1.181gm=1 mL So, 100 gm= {(100×1)÷1.181} mL= 84.67400508 mL
We know that, molarity is the moles of solute per litre of solution.
Here the moles of HCl is (36.5÷36.5) = 1 mole
And the volume is (84.67400508÷1000)L=0.084674005 L
Thus the molarity =(1÷0.084674005)=11.8099999M
Md.
Imran
Nur
manik
5. Preparation of Reagents
Md. Imran Nur Manik ; Lecturer Page 4
Department of Pharmacy; Northern University Bangladesh (NUB).
Now
We know that,
M1V1 = M2V2
11.8099999
5001.0
M
VM
VOr,
1
22
1
= 4.23370029 mL
Here, Volume of diluted HCl Solution (Final volume), V2 = 500 mL
Strength of diluted solution (Final Strength), M2 = 0.1 M
Volume of Stock Solution (Volume to be taken), V1 = ? mL
Strength of Stock solution, M1 = 11.8099999M
02. 0.1M Barium chloride solution (20 mL). Purity 99%
Method of Preparation:
Completely dissolve 0.493494 gm of BaCl2 in 100 mL volumetric flask with a small volume of DW.
Finally adjust the volume up to the calibration mark by adding distilled water Q.S.
Calculation:
We know, W=SMV÷1000
Here, strength of BaCl2, S=0.1M,
Volume, V=20 mL,
Molecular weight of BaCl2, M= 244.28gm/mol,
Required amount W=?
Now, W={(0.1244.2820)÷1000} gm=0.48856 gm
On the other hand, purity of BaCl2=99%,
That means, 99 mg is present in=100 mg
∴ 0.48856 gm is present in= {(1000.48856)÷99} gm =0.493494 mg of BaCl2
Shelf Life: 03(Three) months from the date of preparation.
03. Dilute (2M) Nitric Acid solution (25 mL). Purity 65% and Density 1.39g/mL:
Method of Preparation:
Take 3.4869 mL of Nitric acid in 100 mL volumetric flask. Now completely dissolve it with a small
volume of D.W. Finally adjust the volume up to the calibration mark by adding distilled water Q.S.
Calculation:
We know, W=SMV÷1000
Here, strength of HNO3, S=2M,
Volume, V=25 mL,
Molecular weight of HNO3, M= 63.01 gm/mol,
Required amount W=?
Now, W={(263.0125)÷1000} gm =3.1505 gm
Since, ρ=M÷V; Here, ρ=1.39 gm/mL and M=3.1505 gm, so, V= (3.1505÷1.39) mL=2.2665 mL.
On the other hand, purity of HNO3=65%,
That means, 65 mL is present in=100mL
∴ 2.2665 mL is present in= {(1002.2665)÷65} mL =3.4869 mL of HNO3
Shelf Life: 03(Three) months from the date of preparation.
Md.
Imran
Nur
manik
6. Preparation of Reagents
Md. Imran Nur Manik ; Lecturer Page 5
Department of Pharmacy; Northern University Bangladesh (NUB).
04. Conc. (6M) Nitric Acid solution (25 mL). Purity 65% and Density 1.39g/mL:
Method of Preparation:
Take 10.4609 mL of Nitric acid and completely dissolve it in 25 mL volumetric flask with a small volume
of DW. Finally adjust the volume up to the 25 mL calibration mark by adding distilled water Q.S.
Calculation:
We know, W=SMV÷1000
Here, strength of HNO3, S=6M,
Volume, V=25 mL,
Molecular weight of HNO3, M= 63.01 gm/mol,
Required amount W=?
Now, W={(663.0125)÷1000} gm = 9.4515 gm
Since, ρ=M÷V; Here, ρ=1.39 gm/mL and M=9.4515 gm, so, V= (9.4515÷1.39) mL=6.7996 mL.
On the other hand, purity of HNO3=65%,
That means, 65 mL is present in=100mL
∴ 6.7996 mL is present in= {(1006.7996)÷65} mL =10.4609 mL of HNO3
Shelf Life: 03(Three) months from the date of preparation.
Question 01: Method 02 and Method 03 will be applicable if the reagent percentage is
an indicative of percentage by Weight (W/W).
05. 5% Silver nitrate (AgNO3) (25 mL). Purity 99.5%:
Method of Preparation:
Take 1.25628 gm of AgNO3 and completely dissolve it in 25 mL volumetric flask with a small volume of
DW. Finally adjust the volume up to 25 mL calibration mark by adding distilled water Q.S.
Calculation:
100 mL contains= 5 gm AgNO3
∴ 25 mL contain= {(525)÷100} gm= 1.25 gm AgNO3
On the other hand, purity of AgNO3 =99.5%,
That means, 99.5 gm is present in=100 gm
∴ 1.25 gm is present in= {(1001.25)÷99.5} gm=1.25628 gm of AgNO3
Shelf Life: 03(Three) months from the date of preparation.
06. Dilute (2M) Ammonia (aq.) solution (25 mL). Purity 25% and Density 0.9g/mL:
Method of Preparation:
Take 3.78464 mL of NH3 completely dissolves it in 25 mL volumetric flask with a small volume of DW.
Finally adjust the volume up to 25 mL calibration mark by adding distilled water Q.S.
Md.
Imran
Nur
manik
7. Preparation of Reagents
Md. Imran Nur Manik ; Lecturer Page 6
Department of Pharmacy; Northern University Bangladesh (NUB).
Calculation:
We know, W=SMV÷1000
Here, strength of NH3, S=2M,
Volume, V=25 mL,
Molecular weight of NH3, M= 17.031 gm/mol,
Required amount W=?
Now, W={(217.03125)÷1000} gm =0.85155 gm
Since, ρ=M÷V; Here, ρ=0.9 gm/mL and M=0.85155 gm, so, V= (0.85155÷0.9) mL=0.94616 mL.
On the other hand, purity of NH3=25%,
That means, 25mL is present in=100mL
∴ 0.94616 mL is present in= {(1000.94616)÷25} mL =3.78464 mL of NH3
Shelf Life: 03(Three) months from the date of preparation.
Question 01: Method 02 and Method 03 will be applicable if the reagent percentage is
an indicative of percentage by Weight (W/W).
07. Conc. (9M) Ammonia (aq.) solution (25 mL). Purity 25% and Density=0.9g/mL:
Method of Preparation:
Take 17.031 mL of NH3 and completely dissolve it in 25 mL volumetric flask with a small volume of DW.
Finally adjust the volume up to 25 mL calibration mark by adding distilled water Q.S.
Calculation:
We know, W=SMV÷1000
Here, strength of NH3, S=9M,
Volume, V=25 mL,
Molecular weight of NH3, M= 17.031 gm/mol,
Required amount W=?
Now, W={(917.03125)÷1000} gm =3.831975 gm
Since, ρ=M÷V; Here, ρ=0.9 gm/mL and M=3.831975 gm, so, V= (3.831975 ÷0.9) mL=4.25775 mL.
On the other hand, purity of NH3=25%,
That means, 25mL is present in=100mL
∴ 4.25775 mL is present in= {(1004.25775)÷25} mL =17.031 mL of NH3
Shelf Life: 03(Three) months from the date of preparation.
Question 01: Method 02 and Method 03 will be applicable if the reagent percentage is
an indicative of percentage by Weight (W/W).
08. 5% Ferrous sulphate solution (25 mL). Purity 99.5%:
Method of Preparation:
Take 2.29919 gm of FeSO4.7H2O and completely dissolve it in 100 mL volumetric flask with a small
volume of DW. Finally adjust the volume up to 25 mL by adding distilled water Q.S.
Md.
Imran
Nur
manik
8. Preparation of Reagents
Md. Imran Nur Manik ; Lecturer Page 7
Department of Pharmacy; Northern University Bangladesh (NUB).
Calculation:
100 mL contains= 5gm FeSO4
∴ 25 mL contain= {(525)÷100} gm= 1.25 gm FeSO4
But the FeSO4 has 7 molecules of H2O with its structure and its molecular weight is 278.02 gm/mole
Therefore, 151.908 gm FeSO4 is present in =278.02 gm FeSO4.7H2O
∴ 1.25 gm FeSO4 ,, ,, ,, = {(278.021.25)÷151.908} gm =2.2877 gm FeSO4.7H2O
On the other hand, purity of FeSO4.7H2O =99.5%,
That means, 99.5 gm is present in=100 gm
∴ 2.2877 gm is present in= {(1002.2877)÷99.5} gm=2.29919 gm of FeSO4.7H2O
Shelf Life: 03(Three) months from the date of preparation.
09. 0.2M Ferric chloride solution (25 mL). Purity 98%:
Method of preparation:
Take 0.8276 gm of FeCl3 and completely dissolve it in 25 mL volumetric flask with a small volume of
DW. Finally adjust the volume up to 25 mL calibration mark by adding distilled water Q.S.
Calculation:
We know, W=SMV÷1000
Here, strength of FeCl3, S=0.2M,
Volume, V=25 mL,
Molecular weight of FeCl3, M= 162.21 gm/mol,
Required amount W=?
Now, W={(0.2162.2125)÷1000} gm=0.81105 gm
On the other hand, purity of FeCl3=98%,
That means, 98 gm is present in=100 gm
∴ 0.81105 gm is present in= {(1000.81105)÷98} gm=0.8276 gm of FeCl3
Shelf Life: 03(Three) months from the date of preparation.
10. 1M Potassium chromate (K2CrO4) solution (25 mL). Purity 99%:
Method of Preparation:
Take 4.904 gm of K2CrO4 and completely dissolve it in 25 mL volumetric flask with a small volume of
DW. Finally adjust the volume up to 25 mL calibration mark by adding distilled water Q.S.
Calculation:
We know, W=SMV÷1000
Here, strength of K2CrO4, S=1M,
Volume, V=25 mL,
Molecular weight of K2CrO4, M= 194.20 gm/mol,
Required amount W=?
Now, W={(1194.2025)÷1000} gm=4.855 gm
Md.
Imran
Nur
manik
9. Preparation of Reagents
Md. Imran Nur Manik ; Lecturer Page 8
Department of Pharmacy; Northern University Bangladesh (NUB).
On the other hand, purity of K2CrO4=99%,
That means, 99 gm is present in=100 gm
∴ 4.855 gm is present in= {(1004.855)÷99} gm=4.904 gm of K2CrO4
Shelf Life: 03(Three) months from the date of preparation.
11. 0.1M Stannous chloride (SnCl2.2H2O) solution (25 mL). Purity 97%:
Method of Preparation:
Take 0.58152 gm of SnCl2.2H2O and completely dissolve it in 25 mL volumetric flask with a small volume
of DW. Finally adjust the volume up to 25 mL calibration mark by adding distilled water Q.S.
Calculation:
We know, W=SMV÷1000
Here, strength of SnCl2.2H2O, S=0.1M,
Volume, V=25 mL,
Molecular weight of SnCl2.2H2O, M= 225.63 gm/mol,
Required amount W=?
Now, W={(0.1225.6325)÷1000} gm=0.564075 gm
On the other hand, purity of SnCl2.2H2O =97%,
That means, 97 gm is present in=100 gm
∴ 0.564075 gm is present in= {(1000.564075)÷97} gm=0.58152 gm of SnCl2.2H2O
Shelf Life: 03(Three) months from the date of preparation.
Water of hydration may be taken into account as per Question no. 08 ( Although the
result of both will be the same.)
12. 2M Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution (25 mL). Purity 98%:
Method of Preparation:
Take 2.0408 gm of NaOH and completely dissolve it in 25 mL volumetric flask with a small volume of
DW. Finally adjust the volume up to 25 mL calibration mark by adding distilled water Q.S.
Calculation:
We know, W=SMV÷1000
Here, strength of NaOH, S=2M,
Volume, V=25 mL,
Molecular weight of NaOH, M= 40 gm/mol,
Required amount W=?
Now, W={(24025)÷1000} gm=2 gm
On the other hand, purity of NaOH =98%,
That means, 98 gm is present in=100 gm
∴ 2 gm is present in= {(1002)÷98} gm=2.0408 gm of NaOH
Shelf Life: 03(Three) months from the date of preparation.
Md.
Imran
Nur
manik
10. Preparation of Reagents
Md. Imran Nur Manik ; Lecturer Page 9
Department of Pharmacy; Northern University Bangladesh (NUB).
13. 10M Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) solution (25 mL). Purity 98%:
Method of Preparation:
Take 10.2041 gm of NaOH and completely dissolve it in 25 mL volumetric flask with a small volume of
DW. Finally adjust the volume up to 25 mL calibration mark by adding distilled water Q.S.
Calculation:
We know, W=SMV÷1000
Here, strength of NaOH, S=10M,
Volume, V=25 mL,
Molecular weight of NaOH, M= 40 gm/mol,
Required amount W=?
Now, W={(24025)÷1000} gm=10 gm
On the other hand, purity of NaOH =98%,
That means, 98 gm is present in=100 gm
∴ 2 gm is present in= {(10010)÷98} gm=10.2041 gm of NaOH
Shelf Life: 03(Three) months from the date of preparation.
14. Potassium Ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) [250 mg in 10 mL]
Shelf Life: N/A. Should be instantly prepared.
15. Potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) [250 mg in 10 mL]
Shelf Life: N/A. Should be instantly prepared.
Md.
Imran
Nur
manik