ppt on Digestive system akki
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The document summarizes the structure and function of the digestive system. It is composed of the gastrointestinal tract, which extends from the mouth to the anus, as well as accessory organs that aid in digestion. The gastrointestinal tract contains two main layers - the mucosal layer that absorbs nutrients and the muscularis layer that propels food through peristalsis. Accessory organs include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas, which secrete enzymes and bile to break down food in the chemical digestion process.
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Nervous system
The nervous system is made up of neurons that transmit signals between different parts of the body through fibers called axons and chemicals called neurotransmitters. There are two main types of neurons - sensory neurons that respond to stimuli, and motor neurons that carry signals to muscles and glands. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system, made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system with nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the body. The nervous system controls both voluntary functions through the somatic system and involuntary functions like breathing through the autonomic system. Common nervous system disorders include epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, ALS, and Alzheimer's disease.
Digestive System
The document discusses the key structures and processes of the human digestive system. It begins by outlining the main stages of digestion: ingestion, digestion, and egestion. It then describes the structures involved in ingestion like the mouth, esophagus and stomach. Next, it details the small intestine and how villi and microvilli increase absorption surface area. The document also discusses the roles of the liver, pancreas and large intestine in digestion and nutrient processing.
Urinary System Anatomy - ppt
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Anatomy and physiology of the digestive system
The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The mouth breaks down food with teeth and saliva. The esophagus transports food to the stomach, where acids and enzymes digest it. The pancreas and liver produce enzymes and bile to emulsify and further break down food in the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed into blood. The large intestine absorbs water before waste is excreted.
Reproductive system
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Anatomy and physiology of the Urinary system by Dipali Harkhani
The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the main components of the urinary system as the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination, when urine exits through the urethra. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and modifies it into urine through processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
Anatomy and Physiology of Digestive System
The digestive system includes the organs of the alimentary canal and accessory structures. The alimentary canal forms a continuous tube that is open to the outside environment at both ends. The organs of the alimentary canal are the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
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Nervous system
The nervous system is made up of neurons that transmit signals between different parts of the body through fibers called axons and chemicals called neurotransmitters. There are two main types of neurons - sensory neurons that respond to stimuli, and motor neurons that carry signals to muscles and glands. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system, made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system with nerves connecting the CNS to the rest of the body. The nervous system controls both voluntary functions through the somatic system and involuntary functions like breathing through the autonomic system. Common nervous system disorders include epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, ALS, and Alzheimer's disease.
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The document discusses the key structures and processes of the human digestive system. It begins by outlining the main stages of digestion: ingestion, digestion, and egestion. It then describes the structures involved in ingestion like the mouth, esophagus and stomach. Next, it details the small intestine and how villi and microvilli increase absorption surface area. The document also discusses the roles of the liver, pancreas and large intestine in digestion and nutrient processing.
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The digestive system breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The mouth breaks down food with teeth and saliva. The esophagus transports food to the stomach, where acids and enzymes digest it. The pancreas and liver produce enzymes and bile to emulsify and further break down food in the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed into blood. The large intestine absorbs water before waste is excreted.
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The document provides an overview of the male and female reproductive systems. It describes the key external and internal organs of each system, including their structure, functions, and roles in reproduction. The female system includes the vulva, vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and breasts. The male system includes the scrotum, testes, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, prostate gland, and penis. Both systems work together through processes like fertilization, gestation and childbirth to enable sexual reproduction and the development of offspring.
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The document summarizes the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It describes the main components of the urinary system as the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination, when urine exits through the urethra. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and modifies it into urine through processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
Anatomy and Physiology of Digestive System
The digestive system includes the organs of the alimentary canal and accessory structures. The alimentary canal forms a continuous tube that is open to the outside environment at both ends. The organs of the alimentary canal are the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
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The urinary system functions to regulate homeostasis by controlling water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance and eliminating waste from the body. The major organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine and are made up of nephrons, the functional units that filter blood and remove waste. Urine is formed through the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the nephrons and is temporarily stored in the bladder before being excreted through the urethra.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters into the muscular urinary bladder, which stores urine until emptying through the urethra. The urinary system works to eliminate waste from the body and maintain homeostasis.
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The small intestine extends from the stomach to the large intestine. It is further divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine absorbs nutrients through fingerlike projections called villi lined with absorptive enterocytes. Peristalsis and segmentation contractions mix and propel intestinal contents. The large intestine extends from the ileum to the anus and absorbs water and forms feces for excretion. Diseases include obstruction, malabsorption, and abnormalities in defecation like constipation and diarrhea.
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Cardiovascular homeostasis refers to the ability of the cardiovascular system to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.
The cardiovascular system helps maintain homeostasis by continually supplying the central nervous system--the brain and spinal cord--with oxygen and glucose.
Brain cells start dying after just one minute without oxygen. The brain is the control center for all of the body's homeostatic processes.
The regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis :
The regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis is a complex process that involves multiple mechanisms such as neural regulation, endocrine regulation, and autoregulation of perfusion .
The neural regulation of vascular homeostasis involves the cardiovascular centers in the brain, baroreceptor reflexes, and chemoreceptor reflexes .
The endocrine regulation of vascular homeostasis involves hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, antidiuretic hormone, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, erythropoietin, and atrial natriuretic hormone .
Autoregulation of perfusion is another mechanism that helps maintain vascular homeostasis by regulating blood flow to the tissues
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Purpose:
It is performed for various reasons, to aid growth and improve strength, develop muscles and the cardiovascular system, hone athletic skills, weight loss or maintenance, improve health, or simply for enjoyment
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There are three basic types of exercise:
Aerobic Exercise: increases the r heart rate, works the muscles, and makes breathe faster and harder.
Flexibility Exercise: may include stretching, foam rolling, yoga, tai chi, and Pilates.
Strength/Resistance Exercise: may involve barbells and weight plates or dumb bells.
Active and passive exercises :
Active and passive exercises are muscle and joint movements carried out to assist circulation, maintain muscle tone and prevent the development of joint contracture.
These exercises can be performed by the patient (active) or by the nurse or carer helping the patient (passive).
The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting blood around the body and supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues. It is constantly reacting and adapting to changes in the body’s position.
For example, standing up quickly can result in orthostatic hypotension, a form of low blood pressure that occurs when standing up from sitting or lying down. This is due to the effects of gravity on blood flow and the release of hormones like adrenaline.
Two main types of changes occur in the cardiovascular system during postural changes:
in the venous return and
in sympathetic activity.
Cardiovascular homeostasis in posture
Effects of standing from supine position to upright position
Venous return decreases, thus RV and LV stroke volume is decreased
Decreased cardiac output
Baroreceptor reflex.
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The circulatory system transports blood around the body using the heart as a pump and a network of arteries, veins and capillaries. Deoxygenated blood enters the right side of the heart and is pumped to the lungs, where it receives oxygen and returns to the left side to be pumped through the body. Blood pressure is highest when the heart contracts and lowest when it relaxes. Nerves regulate heart rate and blood vessel diameter in response to stress and activity levels.
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The document summarizes the digestive system, including its organs and their functions. It describes how food travels through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Key digestive organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas produce enzymes and bile to break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed. The digestive tract is approximately 30 feet long and works through mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, as well as absorption and elimination of waste.
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The digestive system breaks down ingested food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body. It consists of the alimentary canal and accessory organs. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Accessory organs include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Food is ingested, digested, absorbed, and waste is eliminated in a multi-step process involving both mechanical and chemical breakdown as well as nutrient absorption throughout the alimentary canal.
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The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients, absorbs them into the bloodstream, and removes waste. There are four main stages: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion. Food is ingested, broken down by teeth and enzymes, absorbed in the small intestine, and waste is ejected. The mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and small and large intestines all play important roles in digestion.
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This document provides an overview of the male reproductive system. It describes both the external structures, which include the penis and scrotum, and the internal structures, which are the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory sex glands including the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. The testes produce both sperm and the hormone testosterone. Sperm mature as they pass through the epididymis and are stored in the vas deferens until ejaculation. The accessory glands secrete fluids that nourish the sperm and form the bulk of the semen.
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SENSE ORGANS
This is about the general physiology of sense organs for medical and paramedical professional beginners who choose pharmacy, nursing and physiotherapy to study.
Excretory system
The document provides information about the excretory/renal system. It discusses the key parts of the system including the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate fluid levels and electrolyte balance. Key structures within the kidneys are described like nephrons, which are the functional filtering units. Processes like filtration, reabsorption and secretion are explained in how the kidneys form and regulate urine composition. Learning objectives are also outlined to characterize each part's role and illustrate the kidney's microscopic and macroscopic structures.
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system consists of lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphoid tissues that work together to drain excess fluid from tissues, absorb and transport fatty acids from the gut, and help fight infection. Lymph is formed when interstitial fluid drains into initial lymphatic vessels and circulates through a network of vessels, nodes, ducts, and eventually returns to the bloodstream. Lymph nodes filter lymph as it circulates and contain immune cells that help fight pathogens. The major lymphatic ducts are the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct which drain lymph into the bloodstream in the neck.
Alimentary canal
The document describes the four main layers that make up the walls of the alimentary canal (also known as the gastrointestinal tract): the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. The mucosa is the innermost layer that lines the canal and has functions like secreting mucus and enzymes, absorbing nutrients, and protecting against pathogens. It contains epithelial tissue, connective tissue, and smooth muscle. The submucosa lies just outside the mucosa and contains blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and connective tissue. The muscularis externa is responsible for movements like segmentation and peristalsis through its inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle layers. The outer
Urinary System Notes
The urinary system functions to regulate homeostasis by controlling water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance and eliminating waste from the body. The major organs of the urinary system include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine and are made up of nephrons, the functional units that filter blood and remove waste. Urine is formed through the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion in the nephrons and is temporarily stored in the bladder before being excreted through the urethra.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. Urine travels from the kidneys down the ureters into the muscular urinary bladder, which stores urine until emptying through the urethra. The urinary system works to eliminate waste from the body and maintain homeostasis.
Nervous system notes
The document provides an overview of the nervous system, including its main functions and classifications. It describes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. It also discusses the structure and function of neurons, how impulses are transmitted, and the main regions and components of the brain and spinal cord.
The endocrine system
The document provides information about the endocrine system. It discusses the hypothalamus and pituitary gland as the main control centers. The hypothalamus secretes hormones that stimulate or inhibit the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland has an anterior and posterior lobe. The anterior lobe secretes hormones like growth hormone, TSH, and LH that regulate other glands. The posterior lobe secretes ADH and oxytocin which are synthesized in the hypothalamus. Other glands discussed include the thyroid gland which produces T3 and T4 to regulate metabolism.
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The small intestine extends from the stomach to the large intestine. It is further divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine absorbs nutrients through fingerlike projections called villi lined with absorptive enterocytes. Peristalsis and segmentation contractions mix and propel intestinal contents. The large intestine extends from the ileum to the anus and absorbs water and forms feces for excretion. Diseases include obstruction, malabsorption, and abnormalities in defecation like constipation and diarrhea.
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CARDIOVASCULAR HOMEOSTASIS
Cardiovascular homeostasis refers to the ability of the cardiovascular system to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.
The cardiovascular system helps maintain homeostasis by continually supplying the central nervous system--the brain and spinal cord--with oxygen and glucose.
Brain cells start dying after just one minute without oxygen. The brain is the control center for all of the body's homeostatic processes.
The regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis :
The regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis is a complex process that involves multiple mechanisms such as neural regulation, endocrine regulation, and autoregulation of perfusion .
The neural regulation of vascular homeostasis involves the cardiovascular centers in the brain, baroreceptor reflexes, and chemoreceptor reflexes .
The endocrine regulation of vascular homeostasis involves hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine, antidiuretic hormone, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism, erythropoietin, and atrial natriuretic hormone .
Autoregulation of perfusion is another mechanism that helps maintain vascular homeostasis by regulating blood flow to the tissues
Exercise
It is a body activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness.
Purpose:
It is performed for various reasons, to aid growth and improve strength, develop muscles and the cardiovascular system, hone athletic skills, weight loss or maintenance, improve health, or simply for enjoyment
TYPES OF EXERCISE :
There are three basic types of exercise:
Aerobic Exercise: increases the r heart rate, works the muscles, and makes breathe faster and harder.
Flexibility Exercise: may include stretching, foam rolling, yoga, tai chi, and Pilates.
Strength/Resistance Exercise: may involve barbells and weight plates or dumb bells.
Active and passive exercises :
Active and passive exercises are muscle and joint movements carried out to assist circulation, maintain muscle tone and prevent the development of joint contracture.
These exercises can be performed by the patient (active) or by the nurse or carer helping the patient (passive).
The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting blood around the body and supplying oxygen and nutrients to tissues. It is constantly reacting and adapting to changes in the body’s position.
For example, standing up quickly can result in orthostatic hypotension, a form of low blood pressure that occurs when standing up from sitting or lying down. This is due to the effects of gravity on blood flow and the release of hormones like adrenaline.
Two main types of changes occur in the cardiovascular system during postural changes:
in the venous return and
in sympathetic activity.
Cardiovascular homeostasis in posture
Effects of standing from supine position to upright position
Venous return decreases, thus RV and LV stroke volume is decreased
Decreased cardiac output
Baroreceptor reflex.
Circulatory System.ppt
The circulatory system transports blood around the body using the heart as a pump and a network of arteries, veins and capillaries. Deoxygenated blood enters the right side of the heart and is pumped to the lungs, where it receives oxygen and returns to the left side to be pumped through the body. Blood pressure is highest when the heart contracts and lowest when it relaxes. Nerves regulate heart rate and blood vessel diameter in response to stress and activity levels.
10. digestive system
The document summarizes the digestive system, including its organs and their functions. It describes how food travels through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Key digestive organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas produce enzymes and bile to break down food into nutrients that can be absorbed. The digestive tract is approximately 30 feet long and works through mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, as well as absorption and elimination of waste.
Digestive system - anatomy
The digestive system breaks down ingested food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body. It consists of the alimentary canal and accessory organs. The alimentary canal includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Accessory organs include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Food is ingested, digested, absorbed, and waste is eliminated in a multi-step process involving both mechanical and chemical breakdown as well as nutrient absorption throughout the alimentary canal.
Urinary system
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra. The kidneys filter the blood and produce urine by regulating ions, volume, pH, and producing hormones. Urine passes from the kidneys to the bladder via the ureters. The bladder stores urine which is then expelled through the urethra. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which filters blood and reabsorbs needed substances while secreting waste for urine production.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
An important system of our body is known as digestive system which has its own role to play. This step of digestion serves as as a next route to the steps of absorption of nutrients by the small intestine and its respective transportation to the cells and tissues. This slide focuses on the different organs of digestion and their functions .
Anatomy of Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system and immune system. It is composed of a network of lymphatic vessels that carry lymph fluid towards the heart. Lymph contains plasma constituents too large to pass through blood capillaries, such as macroparticles from damaged areas. Lymphatic vessels originate as blind-ended tubes and contain valves to prevent backflow. They join to form larger vessels and ducts that drain into veins. Lymph nodes filter lymph and activate immune cells. Key lymphatic organs include the spleen, bone marrow, thymus gland and tonsils, which help generate and select lymphocytes.
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The male reproductive system consists of both primary and secondary organs. The primary organs are the testes, which produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. Secondary organs include ducts like the epididymis and vas deferens that transport sperm, as well as accessory glands like the seminal vesicles and prostate gland that provide fluids to nourish and protect sperm. The external genitalia are the penis and scrotum. The primary roles of the male reproductive system are production and transportation of sperm and depositing sperm in the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse.
The digestive system ppt
The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients, absorbs them into the bloodstream, and removes waste. There are four main stages: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion. Food is ingested, broken down by teeth and enzymes, absorbed in the small intestine, and waste is ejected. The mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, and small and large intestines all play important roles in digestion.
Anatomy & Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
This document provides an overview of the male reproductive system. It describes both the external structures, which include the penis and scrotum, and the internal structures, which are the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory sex glands including the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. The testes produce both sperm and the hormone testosterone. Sperm mature as they pass through the epididymis and are stored in the vas deferens until ejaculation. The accessory glands secrete fluids that nourish the sperm and form the bulk of the semen.
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CARDIOVASCULAR HOMEOSTASIS IN EXERCISE AND POSTURE.pptx
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Anatomy & Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
Anatomy & Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
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The digestive system converts food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body. Food passes through the alimentary canal, which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. In the mouth, food is ingested and mixed with saliva from the salivary glands. The stomach aids in digestion as food moves into the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. Undigested waste is then eliminated from the large intestine. Accessory organs like the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder also secrete substances that help break down food.
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This my original work on Anatomy of digestive system, therefore it is strongly forbidden to copy, share and foreword without the permission of the authors to the third person or anybody else.
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The document discusses the anatomy and functions of the digestive system. It begins by outlining the main functions as ingestion, digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste. It then describes the major organs that make up the digestive tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. It provides detailed information on the layers, tissues, and cell types that compose each organ. Throughout, it emphasizes the roles and secretions of each organ in the breakdown and absorption of food.
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The document contains questions about the digestive system. It asks about the parts of the alimentary tract and details of specific organs like the oral cavity, tongue, stomach, duodenum, liver, large intestine, pancreas and hepatobiliary system. It also asks about the general architecture of the gut wall, derivatives of the developing gut tube, and congenital anomalies related to the gut tube.
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The document discusses the human digestive system. It begins by defining the main types of nutrients - carbohydrates, proteins, and fats - and explains that carbohydrates are the primary source of energy, followed by fats then proteins. It then describes the basic steps of digestion: ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion. Key parts of the digestive system are defined, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The roles and locations of the major salivary glands - parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands - are also summarized.
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The document provides an overview of the digestive system. It discusses that the digestive system breaks down food into smaller particles for absorption by cells in the body. The two main functions are digestion and absorption. The digestive system is divided into the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs. The gastrointestinal tract extends from the mouth to the anus. Accessory organs include things like the liver and pancreas which release substances into the GI tract.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy and functions of the digestive system. It describes the major organs that make up the gastrointestinal tract, including the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It then discusses the specific functions of these organs, such as ingestion, propulsion, digestion, absorption and elimination. The document delves into further detail about the anatomy and functions of the mouth, salivary glands, teeth, esophagus and stomach.
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GI System by Rupam Bhowmik.pptx help full for NORCET EXAM
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11. The Digestive System
The document summarizes the key structures and functions of the digestive system. It describes the main sections and roles of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. It also outlines the processes of mechanical and chemical digestion, how different enzymes break down food, and how the muscles and hormones regulate movement through the digestive tract.
1st Semester Anatomy - Digestive System - GIT - By thirumurugan.pptx
Digestive System:
Also known as gastrointestinal tract, digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal.
Consist of alimentary tract and Accessory organs
It involve in Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption and Excretion
It is started from mouth and ended at anal canal, that is assisted and supported by many parts.
Parts of Digestive System: Primary digestive organs & Accessory organs
Primary digestive organs: Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anal canal
Accessory organs: Teeth, Tongue, Salivary glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas.
Mouth
First part of GIT, Also known as oral or buccal cavity, It consist of muscles & bones
Tongue or Lingua:Voluntary muscular structure, Occupies floor of mouth
Superior surface consist of numerous papillae contains taste bud for the sense of taste. Attached inferiorly with hyoid bone, Highly mobile muscular part of GIT.
Teeth: Teeth are the hard and whitish substances present in the mouth Which is essential for chewing & speech. They fixed in socket of alveolar ridge in mandible & maxilla (Jaw). Diphyodont is a type of dentition in which two successive sets of teeth are developed during the lifetime. The first set of teeth is temporary or deciduous or milk and the other set is permanent teeth
Salivary glands: These are exocrine glands found in oral cavity that secrete complex fluid known as saliva
Types: Major & Minor salivary glands
Major salivary gland: Parotid, Submandibular & Sublingual
Minor salivary glands: There are 450 minor salivary glands present in oral cavity, lips, cheeks, palate and floor of the mouth
Pharynx: Wide, muscular tube situated behind the nose, mouth & larynx
Cavity of pharynx divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx.
Esophagus: The esophagus is a fibromuscular tube, approximately 25cm in length,
It transports food from the pharynx to the stomach.
Stomach: The stomach is a hollow organ in the GIT.
It is the “J” shaped dilated part, situated in the upper part of the abdomen.
Gross Anatomy of stomach: The stomach has four main anatomical divisions; the cardia, fundus, body and pylorus:
Cardia: surrounds the superior opening of the stomach. it consist cardiac sphincter
Fundus: the rounded, often gas filled portion superior to and left of the cardia.
Body: the large central portion inferior to the fundus.
Pylorus: This area connects the stomach to the duodenum. It is divided into the pyloric antrum, pyloric canal and pyloric sphincter.
Pancreas: The pancreas is a soft, finely lobulated, elongated dual (Exo Endocrine) gland.
Liver: It is the largest gland of the body. It involve metabolic activities
The liver is one of the vital organs of the body, responsible for chemical actions that the body needs to survive.
Small intestine: The intestine which is the longest part of the digestive tube is divided into small intestine and large intestine.
Large Intestine or Colon: It is a last part of the GIT
GI System.pptx
The digestive system breaks down food through a multi-step process. The alimentary canal begins at the mouth and runs through the throat, chest, abdomen and pelvis, ending at the anus. Accessory organs like the liver, pancreas and salivary glands help break down food through mechanical and chemical digestion. Food is broken into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body before waste is eliminated. The digestive system is made up of organs like the mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestines that work together through processes like ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination.
Digestive system - Anatomy & Physiology - B.Pharm & Pharm.D
The digestive system begins at the mouth and includes the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Food is ingested and broken down through both mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion begins with chewing in the mouth. Chemical digestion involves enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in specific areas of the digestive tract. Digested nutrients are then absorbed through the walls of the tract and transported throughout the body.
Digestive system BHNU
The digestive system is composed of organs that work together to ingest, digest, absorb, and eliminate food and waste. The gastrointestinal tract is the main digestive organ, consisting of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Accessory organs like the liver, pancreas and salivary glands produce enzymes and chemicals to further break down food. The mouth is the beginning of the GI tract, where teeth grind food and saliva begins digestion. It contains structures like the lips, cheeks, hard and soft palates, and tongue that aid in ingestion and speech.
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The document discusses the process of digestion in humans. It describes the major organs that make up the digestive system, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory digestive glands like the liver, pancreas, and salivary glands. It explains the functions of these organs in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients.
Unit 2-digestion.pdf
This document provides information on digestion and nutrition. It discusses the nutrients required by the body and the roles and structures of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs involved in digestion. The gastrointestinal tract consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus. Accessory organs include teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Food is broken down mechanically and chemically by these organs to absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
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ppt on Digestive system akki
- 1. By – Mr ASHOK BISHNOI Lecturer
- 2. 2 groups of organs composed of digestive system
- 4. It is continuous tube that extends from the mouth to anus through the thoracic, abdominal & pelvic cavities. 1.Gastrointestinal tract/ Alimentary canal
- 5. ◦ Mouth ◦ Pharynx ◦ Esophagus ◦ Stomach ◦ Small intestine ◦ Large intestine ◦ Rectum ◦ Anal canal ◦ Anus
- 6. The length of GI tract is about 5-7 meters (16.5-23 ft) in a living person. It is long in Cadaver about 7-9 meters (23- 29.5 ft)
- 7. Supply secretions contributing to the breakdown of food 2. Accessory digestive organs
- 8. ◦ Teeth ◦ Lips ◦ Cheeks ◦ Tongue ◦ Salivary glands (3 pair) ◦ Gallbladder ◦ Liver ◦ Pancreas
- 9. Teeth aid in the physical breakdown of food & tongue assist in chewing & swallowing. The other accessory digestive organs never come in to direct contact with food. They produce secretion in the chemical breakdown of food
- 10. 1. Ingestion-Taking food in to mouth 2. Secretion- Relies of H2o,acid & enzymes in to lumen of GI tract. 3. Mixing & propulsion 4. Digestion- Mechanical breakdown of food by Mastication Chemical digestion by Enzymes 5. Absorption- Passage of digested product from the GI tract in to blood. 6. Defecation- The elimination of faeces from the GI tract Function of DS;-
- 12. 12
- 13. Structure of alimentary canal:- The wall of GI tract from the lower oesophagus to the anal canal. It has the “4” layers of tissue ◦ Mucosal layer ◦ Submucosal layer ◦ Muscularis layer ◦ Serosa layer 1.Gastrointestinal tract/ Alimentary canal
- 15. It consist of Epithelium Tissue ◦ Stratified squamous (in mouth, esophagus & anus) ◦ Simple columnar in the rest Function:- ◦ Protection ◦ Secretion ◦ Absorbtion
- 16. Loose connective tissue ◦ containing ,glands and lymphatic tissue Meissner’s plexus The secrete:- ◦ Saliva from salivary gland ◦ Gastric juice from gastric gland ◦ Intestinal juice from intestinal gland ◦ Pancreatic juice from pancreas ◦ Bile from liver
- 17. Skeletal muscle = voluntary control ◦ in mouth, pharynx , upper esophagus and anus ◦ control over swallowing and defecation Smooth muscle = involuntary control ◦ inner circular fibers & outer longitudinal fibers ◦ mixes, crushes & propels food along by peristalsis
- 18. 4.Serosa:- • It is outer layer • Covers all organs and walls of cavities • Secretes a serous fluid • Consists of connective tissue .
- 19. Peritoneum ◦ Cavity within the abdomen Formed by a ◦ Parietal layer- Which line the abdominal wall ◦ Visceral layer covers organs with in the abdomen & pelvic cavity Peritoneal cavity ◦ potential space containing a bit of serous fluid
- 20. The path of food: oral cavity/teeth/salivary glands oropharynx/epiglottis oesophagus stomach small intestine: duodenum small intestine: ileum small intestine: jejunum large intestine: ascending colon large intestine: transverse colon large intestine: descending colon sigmoid colon rectum anus
- 21. 21 It is the main window of G.I.tract From mouth to pharynx is called oral cavity Mouth or oral cavity is bounded by muscle & bone. Lips- Orbicularis oris muscle Cheeks – Buccinator muscle Mouth/Oral cavity:-
- 24. 24 The vestibule :-is the space between gums & checks. The oral cavity:- It is the space contained within the upper and lower dental arches. Uvula:- Is a carved fold of muscle covered with mucus membrane hanging down from middle palate.
- 25. 25 Teeth:- Called “dentition” (like dentist) Teeth live in sockets (alveoli) in the gum- covered margins of the mandible and maxilla Chewing: raising and lowering the mandible and moving it from side to side while tongue positions food between teeth
- 26. 26 Two sets 1. Temporary/Milk/Primary /deciduous teeth 1. “Baby” teeth 2. Start at 6 months 3. 20 are out by about 2 years 4. Fall out between 2-6 years 2. Permanent: 32 total 1. All but 3rd set of molars by end of adolescence 2. 3rd set = “wisdom teeth” 1. Variable 3. Some can be “impacted” (imbedded in bone)
- 27. 27 Incisors: chisel-shaped for chopping off pieces Canines: cone shaped to tear and pierce Premolars (bicuspids) and Molars - broad crowns with 4-5 rounded cusps for grinding incisor canine premolar molar Cusps are surface bumps
- 28. 28
- 29. 29 Two main regions A. Crown (exposed) B. Root (in socket) C. Meet at neck Enamel ◦ 99% calcium crystals ◦ Hardest substance in body Dentin – bulk of the tooth (bone-like but harder than bone, with collagen and mineral) Pulp cavity with vessels and nerves ◦ Root canal: the part of the pulp in the root A B C
- 30. 30 Cementum – bone layer of tooth root ◦ Attaches tooth to periodontal ligament Periodontal ligament ◦ Anchors tooth in boney socket of the jaw ◦ Continuous with gingiva (gums) Cavities or caries - rot Plaque – film of sugar, bacteria and debris A B C
- 31. 31 Intrinsic salivary glands – within mucosa ◦ Secrete saliva all the time to keep mouth moist Extrinsic salivary glands ◦ Paired (2 each) Parotid Submandibular Sublingual ◦ External to mouth ◦ Ducts to mouth ◦ Secrete saliva only right before or during eating Saliva: mixture of water, ions, mucus, enzymes keep mouth moist dissolves food so can be tasted moistens food starts enzymatic digestion buffers acid antibacterial and antiviral
- 32. 32 Parotids* - largest (think mumps) ◦ Facial nerve branch at risk during surgery here Submandibular # - medial surface mandible Sublingual + - under tongue; floor of mouth Compound = duct branches Tubo = tubes Alveolar = sacs * # +
- 33. 33 Oropharynx and laryngopharynx ◦ Stratified squamous epithelium Three constrictor muscles* ◦ Sequentially squeeze bolus of food into esophagus ◦ Are skeletal muscles Voluntary action Vagus nerve (X) ___oropharynx ___laryngopharynx * * *