1) Population structures can vary spatially due to differences in living standards, religion, jobs availability, migration patterns, and family planning policies. 2) In the UK, retirement towns like Bournemouth will have many elderly people, new towns like Milton Keynes will have growing youth populations, and university towns like Oxford will have many young adults. Remote rural areas will see out-migration of youth. 3) Less economically developed countries in Africa and Asia generally have "youthful" population structures with high birth rates, while more developed countries in Europe have "regressive" or aging population structures with low birth rates.

1. Changing Population Structure

2. Learning Objectives Recap understanding of the DTM and its relationship to population pyramids of different shapes. Be able to describe and explain spatial differences in population structure Understand the consequences of changing population structures – ageing population in the MEDW and youthful population in LEDW

4. Why could population vary spatially? Different living standards / level of development between regions Different religious, racial or national groups. Availability of jobs / types of jobs Uneven effects of migration. Effects of AIDS in some countries Decisions about availability of family planning

5. UK spatial variations Retirement towns e.g. Bournemouth will have a regressive and top-heavy structure because of the in-migration of elderly people

6. UK spatial variations New towns e.g. Milton Keynes or Stevenage will have an expanding population – a ‘bulge’ of younger, economically active people (BR will be above average)

7. UK spatial variations University towns e.g. Oxford or Cambridge will have higher proportions of young adults Remote rural areas e.g. central Wales will show the effects of the out-migration of young adults

9. Spatial variations in the LEDW Tanzania – Dar es Salem

10. Youthful populations in the LEDW This is known as a progressive population structure – typical of low income LEDCs e.g. Uganda

11. Youthful Population in India

13. Ageing populations in the MEDW The regressive population structure

15. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4045261.stm

16. The worldwide distribution of people aged 65 and over

17. Outline the social, economic, demographic and political implications of an ageing population in the UK. Growing Grey article Bowen and Pallister P180-181 http://www.geographyinthenews.rgs.org/news/article/default.aspx?id=298 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2004/ageing/default.stm Photocopied sheets