Population pyramids
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This document discusses population pyramids, which are graphs that show the structure of a country's population. Population pyramids display the distribution of various age groups and gender within a population. They can reveal whether a population is growing, stable, or declining. The shape of the pyramid indicates stages of demographic transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops. Five standard pyramid shapes correspond to these stages and changes in the relationship between fertility and mortality over time.
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Population Composition & Structure
The document discusses key elements of population composition and structure, including sex ratio and age structure. It defines sex ratio as the number of males per 100 females in a population. Age structure is analyzed using population pyramids that show cohorts in 5-year age groups. The postwar US baby boom from 1946 to 1964 significantly increased births, affecting age structure. Analysis of population composition and structure is important for understanding future population growth patterns and the dependency ratio.
Demographic transistion
This document discusses demographic concepts related to population size, growth, and transition. It defines demography and demographic transition, outlining the 5 stages of transition from high birth and death rates to lower rates as a country develops. Stage 1 involves very high birth and death rates and a stable population. Stage 2 sees falling death rates and slow population growth. Stage 3 has rapidly falling birth rates and growing populations. Stage 4 stabilizes population growth. Stage 5 has slightly falling birth rates and stable death rates with potential population decline. Factors like population size, composition, and growth rates vary and impact development.
Population Pyramid Presentation
Population pyramids show the number of males and females within different age groups in a population. They consist of two back-to-back bar graphs with population on the x-axis and age on the y-axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The shape of the pyramid reveals aspects of a country's demography such as birth and death rates, life expectancy, and level of development.
The Demographic Transition Model
The document discusses the demographic transition model (DTM), which predicts population growth over time based on changes in birth rates and death rates. The DTM has five stages:
1) Birth and death rates are high due to disease and lack of healthcare. No countries are in this stage today.
2) Death rates begin to decline due to improved sanitation and healthcare, while birth rates remain high. Countries like Afghanistan and Bhutan are in this stage.
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Population pyramids
A population pyramid graphs a population broken down by age and sex. It is useful for governments to plan policies as the pyramid's shape predicts future population changes. Developing countries have pyramids with narrow tops but wide bases, as life expectancy is low but birth rates are high. More developed countries have higher life expectancies and lower birth rates, resulting in wider tops and narrower bases. Developed countries with aging populations have pyramids where the percentage of old people is highest and fewer children exist to support them. Population pyramids also show impacts of events like war, migration, and independence of countries.
Demographic Transition Model
The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) describes how birth and death rates change as countries develop economically and socially. The DTM outlines 4 stages of population growth: 1) high birth and death rates with steady population, 2) declining death rate leads to rapid growth, 3) birth rate declines as well but growth remains high, and 4) birth and death rates stabilize with low growth. Reasons for changes include improvements to healthcare, sanitation, women's status and family planning.
Population pyramids
A population pyramid provides information about the proportion of males and females in different age groups. It shows the proportion of young, working-age, and elderly populations. Population pyramids can have triangular, beehive, or rectangular shapes depending on birth rates, death rates, and migration patterns. The shape and proportions revealed in a population pyramid tell the story of a country's demographic past, present, and possible future, making them important tools for policy planning and comparing countries.
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Population Composition & Structure
The document discusses key elements of population composition and structure, including sex ratio and age structure. It defines sex ratio as the number of males per 100 females in a population. Age structure is analyzed using population pyramids that show cohorts in 5-year age groups. The postwar US baby boom from 1946 to 1964 significantly increased births, affecting age structure. Analysis of population composition and structure is important for understanding future population growth patterns and the dependency ratio.
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Population Pyramid Presentation
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The Demographic Transition Model
The document discusses the demographic transition model (DTM), which predicts population growth over time based on changes in birth rates and death rates. The DTM has five stages:
1) Birth and death rates are high due to disease and lack of healthcare. No countries are in this stage today.
2) Death rates begin to decline due to improved sanitation and healthcare, while birth rates remain high. Countries like Afghanistan and Bhutan are in this stage.
3) Both birth and death rates fall as living standards rise and family planning is adopted, leading to rapid population growth. India and Bangladesh are in stage three.
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Population pyramids
A population pyramid graphs a population broken down by age and sex. It is useful for governments to plan policies as the pyramid's shape predicts future population changes. Developing countries have pyramids with narrow tops but wide bases, as life expectancy is low but birth rates are high. More developed countries have higher life expectancies and lower birth rates, resulting in wider tops and narrower bases. Developed countries with aging populations have pyramids where the percentage of old people is highest and fewer children exist to support them. Population pyramids also show impacts of events like war, migration, and independence of countries.
Demographic Transition Model
The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) describes how birth and death rates change as countries develop economically and socially. The DTM outlines 4 stages of population growth: 1) high birth and death rates with steady population, 2) declining death rate leads to rapid growth, 3) birth rate declines as well but growth remains high, and 4) birth and death rates stabilize with low growth. Reasons for changes include improvements to healthcare, sanitation, women's status and family planning.
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A population pyramid provides information about the proportion of males and females in different age groups. It shows the proportion of young, working-age, and elderly populations. Population pyramids can have triangular, beehive, or rectangular shapes depending on birth rates, death rates, and migration patterns. The shape and proportions revealed in a population pyramid tell the story of a country's demographic past, present, and possible future, making them important tools for policy planning and comparing countries.
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Population pyramids graphically show the age and gender distribution of a country's population. There are several types of population pyramids that provide information about population trends. Expanding pyramids are typical of less developed countries and show high birth and death rates, while stationary pyramids of more developed countries show low and stable birth and death rates. Contracting pyramids seen in developed nations have decreasing birth rates and an aging population.
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- Censuses collect social, economic, and demographic data on all individuals in a country and are typically conducted every 10 years.
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Population pyramids are diagrams that show the distribution of different age and sex groups in a population. They provide insight into a country's demographic structure and trends. Population pyramids for developing countries typically have a wide base, indicating high birth rates and a youthful population, while developed country pyramids have a narrower base due to lower birth rates. This reflects differences in factors like life expectancy, fertility rates, and economic development. Population pyramids can reveal challenges and opportunities countries may face related to their age structure.
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3. Epidemics, as disease outbreaks can cause many deaths, like the 1918 influenza pandemic.
4. Injuries, both intentional and unintentional, account for around 9% of deaths globally.
5. Personal behaviors like diet, alcohol and tobacco use, and hygiene practices impact mortality.
6. Education levels, especially of women, influence health behaviors and outcomes.
10. population changes
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The document discusses key concepts in population and demography including:
1. Population refers to a collection of human beings that share characteristics that can be analyzed. Population growth rate measures the increase in a population over a period of time.
2. Demography is the statistical study of human populations and how they change over time due to factors like birth, death, migration, and aging.
3. Thomas Malthus' theory proposed that population increases faster than the food supply, pushing people to the verge of starvation. The demographic transition model shows populations transitioning through stages of high then low birth and death rates.
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The document discusses sex ratios in populations globally and by region. The global sex ratio at birth is estimated to be 107 boys for every 100 girls. Sex ratios can be determined by factors influencing sex ratio at conception, embryo survival in utero, and mortality rates after birth. Data from 2011 shows large variations in sex ratios across countries in India, with some states having over 1000 boys for every 100 girls. The age and sex structure of a population is important demographic data that provides insights into fertility, mortality, and migration patterns.
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Population lesson 1 world population growth
The world population grew slowly until 1900 but then increased rapidly, reaching 1 billion in 1900, 2.5 billion in 1950, and 7 billion in 2011. Most population growth occurs in developing countries with high birth rates, like India and China. While populations in developed countries are stable or declining, populations in developing countries continue to rise due to historically high birth rates and increasing lifespans. Rapid population growth creates challenges for governments to provide resources and threatens the environment, food security, and political stability.
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What affects fertility
Fertility rates are declining globally but remain highest in least developed countries.
By 2050, most developing countries are expected to reach below replacement fertility levels of 2.1 children per woman. Developed regions already have below replacement fertility and this is expected to continue through 2050.
Factors that affect fertility rates include development level of a country as well as infant mortality rates, with higher mortality rates requiring more births per woman to maintain population levels.
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Population pyramids
Population pyramids graphically show the age and gender distribution of a country's population. There are several types of population pyramids that provide information about population trends. Expanding pyramids are typical of less developed countries and show high birth and death rates, while stationary pyramids of more developed countries show low and stable birth and death rates. Contracting pyramids seen in developed nations have decreasing birth rates and an aging population.
A Brief Discussion on demographic transition theory.
Demographic transition (DT) refers to the transition from high birth and death rates to lower birth and death rates as a country or region develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system.
IT IS GIVEN BY: FrankW. Notestein. Frank Wallace Notestein (August 16, 1902 – February 19, 1983)
The demographic transition theory is a generalized description of the changing pattern of mortality, fertility and growth rates as societies move from one demographic regime to another.
Demographic transition-theory-optimum-population-1
This document summarizes Demographic Transition Theory and discusses optimal population. It describes the five stages of demographic transition that countries generally progress through as they develop economically: (1) high birth and death rates; (2) declining death rates and high birth rates leading to population growth; (3) declining birth rates as well as death rates; (4) low birth and death rates as population growth stabilizes; and (5) potentially declining population. It then discusses India's progression through these stages and the implications, including a current demographic dividend opportunity due to a large working-age population. The document estimates an optimal global population of 1.5-2 billion people based on allowing basic human rights and preservation of biodiversity.
Fundamentals of demography
This document summarizes key concepts in demography including:
- Demography deals with the study of population size, composition, behavior, and distribution in a given area and time.
- Population dynamics examines factors like marriage, births, deaths, and migration that influence population characteristics.
- Censuses collect social, economic, and demographic data on all individuals in a country and are typically conducted every 10 years.
- India's population has grown significantly over time from 20 crores in the first census of 1881 to over 100 crores currently, with increasing urbanization and a declining growth rate.
Session 9 migration techniques
This document discusses key concepts and techniques for analyzing migration patterns. It begins by defining migration as a change in usual residence between geographic units, and defines related terms like migrants, place of origin/destination, migration streams, and types of migration. It then discusses major data sources for migration like censuses and surveys. The document outlines several methods for measuring migration patterns, like using place of birth, duration of residence, and survival ratios. It concludes by discussing determinants and consequences of internal migration and references for further information.
Demographic transition theory
The document discusses the Demographic Transition Model and the Fertility Transition Theory. The Demographic Transition Model proposes that as countries develop economically, their birth and death rates will follow a predictable pattern of decline. However, the document argues this has not occurred uniformly and modern conditions are different, questioning if it can still be used as a predictive tool. The Fertility Transition Theory asserts that a change in cultural attitudes and willingness to use contraception, along with their availability, are key drivers in fertility decline in developing countries, rather than economic development alone.
Demography slides
This document defines key demographic terms and provides information about population trends in Pakistan. It discusses topics like population growth rates, fertility rates, mortality rates (infant, child, maternal), life expectancy, and literacy. It also addresses causes of population growth and decline, implications of high population growth, and key population and development indicators for Pakistan like HDI, poverty rates, and health and education spending.
Population and demography
Population and demography are major areas of study for social scientists. A population is defined as a group of individuals occupying a particular place at a given time. Key factors in defining a population are group, place, and time. Population growth impacts issues like housing, food security, and the environment. Demography statistically analyzes population characteristics like size, composition by age and sex, birth and death rates, and immigration. Demographic data is important for policymaking and predicting future trends. Sources of demographic data include censuses, vital statistics like birth and death records, and surveys. Population change is influenced by fertility, mortality, and migration. Population pyramids display the age and sex structure of a population.
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY
This theory throws light on changes in birth and death rate and consequently on the growth rate of population. The relationship between birth and death rate changes with economic development and a country has to pass through different stages of population growth. This theory depicts the four stages of demographic transition that a country has to pass.
Introduction to population pyramids
Population pyramids are diagrams that show the distribution of different age and sex groups in a population. They provide insight into a country's demographic structure and trends. Population pyramids for developing countries typically have a wide base, indicating high birth rates and a youthful population, while developed country pyramids have a narrower base due to lower birth rates. This reflects differences in factors like life expectancy, fertility rates, and economic development. Population pyramids can reveal challenges and opportunities countries may face related to their age structure.
Determinants of mortality
The document identifies ten important determinants of mortality based on a review of sources. The top ten determinants are:
1. Income level and employment status, as wealthier nations have lower mortality rates.
2. Nutritional status, as malnutrition increases risk of death from infection.
3. Epidemics, as disease outbreaks can cause many deaths, like the 1918 influenza pandemic.
4. Injuries, both intentional and unintentional, account for around 9% of deaths globally.
5. Personal behaviors like diet, alcohol and tobacco use, and hygiene practices impact mortality.
6. Education levels, especially of women, influence health behaviors and outcomes.
10. population changes
This is the 10th lesson of the course 'Poverty and Environment ' taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Mortality
The document discusses how mortality and life expectancy are measured globally and how they vary worldwide. It provides key definitions for measuring mortality, including crude death rate and life expectancy. It then examines global patterns of death rates, life expectancy, and infant mortality. Higher mortality is generally seen in less economically developed countries, where infectious diseases are more common causes of death, while chronic diseases dominate in developed nations with longer life expectancies.
Demography
Demography is the scientific study of human populations. Key events in the history of demography include Ibn Khaldun's work in the 14th century, John Graunt producing the first life table in the 17th century, and John Snow mapping cholera deaths in London in the 19th century. Major population theories include Malthus' theory of unchecked population growth outstripping resources, Marx's view that population is controlled by economic factors, and the demographic transition theory of declining birth and death rates as countries develop. India's current population is over 1.2 billion with a growth rate of 17.6% in the last decade. Key demographic indicators of India include sex ratio, age composition, and dependency ratio.
Population Distribution
The document discusses factors that affect population distribution and provides examples. It notes that population distribution refers to the spatial arrangement of a population in a region, while density refers to proportional concentration. Key factors determining distribution include physical characteristics like climate, landforms, resources as well as human factors such as politics, economics and social organization. India is provided as a case study, with data showing it has the second largest population in the world at over 1.3 billion people distributed unevenly across its land area. The conclusion emphasizes understanding population patterns and their relationship to environmental variables is important for predicting future growth and developing sustainable policies.
Population and demography
The document discusses key concepts in population and demography including:
1. Population refers to a collection of human beings that share characteristics that can be analyzed. Population growth rate measures the increase in a population over a period of time.
2. Demography is the statistical study of human populations and how they change over time due to factors like birth, death, migration, and aging.
3. Thomas Malthus' theory proposed that population increases faster than the food supply, pushing people to the verge of starvation. The demographic transition model shows populations transitioning through stages of high then low birth and death rates.
Measures of fertility
This document provides information on measures of fertility. It defines terms related to fertility such as fertility, fertility rate, crude birth rate, general fertility rate, age-specific fertility rate, total fertility rate, and gross and net reproduction rates. It explains how to calculate various fertility indicators and describes the importance and uses of fertility data as well as common sources of this type of demographic information.
Age sex composition
The document discusses sex ratios in populations globally and by region. The global sex ratio at birth is estimated to be 107 boys for every 100 girls. Sex ratios can be determined by factors influencing sex ratio at conception, embryo survival in utero, and mortality rates after birth. Data from 2011 shows large variations in sex ratios across countries in India, with some states having over 1000 boys for every 100 girls. The age and sex structure of a population is important demographic data that provides insights into fertility, mortality, and migration patterns.
Measures of mortality
This document provides an overview of measures of mortality. It defines mortality and discusses factors that influence mortality patterns. It describes various direct and indirect sources of mortality data. The document then explains several common measures of mortality in detail, including crude death rate, age-specific death rates, infant mortality rate, child mortality rate, neonatal mortality rate, perinatal mortality rate, post-neonatal mortality rate, maternal mortality ratio, and maternal mortality rate. It also defines related terms and discusses limitations of mortality measures.
Population lesson 1 world population growth
The world population grew slowly until 1900 but then increased rapidly, reaching 1 billion in 1900, 2.5 billion in 1950, and 7 billion in 2011. Most population growth occurs in developing countries with high birth rates, like India and China. While populations in developed countries are stable or declining, populations in developing countries continue to rise due to historically high birth rates and increasing lifespans. Rapid population growth creates challenges for governments to provide resources and threatens the environment, food security, and political stability.
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A Brief Discussion on demographic transition theory.
A Brief Discussion on demographic transition theory.
Demographic transition-theory-optimum-population-1
Demographic transition-theory-optimum-population-1
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The document discusses population change over time and introduces several key population terms and tools used to analyze demographic transitions, including the demographic transition model. The demographic transition model describes how birth rates and death rates change over time as populations progress through stages of population growth and development. It is used to analyze historic population changes in countries like China and understand shifting population structures through population pyramids.
What affects fertility
Fertility rates are declining globally but remain highest in least developed countries.
By 2050, most developing countries are expected to reach below replacement fertility levels of 2.1 children per woman. Developed regions already have below replacement fertility and this is expected to continue through 2050.
Factors that affect fertility rates include development level of a country as well as infant mortality rates, with higher mortality rates requiring more births per woman to maintain population levels.
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The student is asked to analyze changes in the population structure of either Japan, Niger, or Thailand from 2000 to 2050 using population pyramids downloaded from provided websites. In one page or less, the analysis should comment on aspects of population structure like overall shape, age and gender proportions, dependency ratios, and population momentum, as well as changes over time, possible reasons for changes, and implications for the country. The student is advised to focus on different aspects of population structure and how it changes from 2000 to 2050.
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Japan is facing a major problem with an aging population. The document instructs the reader to analyze this issue using a SEEP (Social, Environmental, Economic, Political) framework. A team is asked to:
1) Identify the causes of Japan's aging population crisis
2) Conduct a SEEP analysis of how aging impacts Japan across social, environmental, economic, and political factors
3) Evaluate the steps the Japanese government is or isn't taking to address this challenge.
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The document discusses the demographic dividend, which is the accelerated economic growth that can result from a decline in a country's mortality and fertility rates and the subsequent change in the age structure of the population. Specifically, with fewer births each year, a country's young dependent population grows smaller compared to the working-age population. This provides a window of opportunity for rapid economic growth if governments implement the right social and economic policies and investments. Thailand is used as a case study example of a country that was able to achieve a demographic dividend.
Population policy in singapore
Singapore implemented a population policy in the 1960s to encourage small families due to rapid population growth causing issues. The policy was very successful, lowering fertility rates. However, an aging population and economic concerns later led to incentives for bigger families. While responses were initially positive, fertility rates continued to decline due to societal trends like delayed marriage and parenthood. Additional incentives have since aimed to further increase births.
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This document discusses age-sex structure and population pyramids. It notes that age composition is related to population change factors like fertility, mortality, and migration. It also impacts areas like the labor force, education, health, and social security. Population pyramids graphically display the age and sex composition of a population using horizontal bars. They separate males and females because their demographic experiences can differ. The shape of population pyramids reflects factors like rapid growth, slow growth, and population decline. Pyramids are useful for tracing a population's demographic history.
Population Structure
The document discusses population composition and structure. It defines population structure as the makeup or composition of a population. The two basic elements of population composition are sex structure and age structure. Sex structure is measured using the sex ratio, which is the number of males per 100 females. Age structure is analyzed using population pyramids, which graphically display the age and sex distribution of a population in 5-year cohorts. Population pyramids can reveal trends in birth rates, death rates, and other demographic influences. The dependency ratio compares the number of dependents to the working-age population.
population st [Autosaved].pptx
Population structure is defined by the genetic variation within populations and is influenced by evolutionary processes like recombination, mutation, genetic drift, demographic history, and natural selection. Key elements of population structure include population size, geographic distribution, age distribution, sex ratio, ethnic/racial composition, and socioeconomic factors. Understanding population structure helps policymakers address demographic challenges and meet population needs. Population pyramids graphically represent age and sex structure and can show expansive, stationary, or constrictive growth. Metapopulations are spatially structured populations that persist through a balance of local extinctions and recolonization between fragmented subpopulations.
Demography notes
These comprehensive slides on demography provide a deep understanding of the science of population dynamics. Covering essential concepts, methodologies, and key demographic indicators, these notes offer insights into the study of population growth, distribution, and composition. Explore topics such as fertility, mortality, migration, and population projections, as well as their implications for society and policy. With this resource, you'll gain a strong foundation in demography, making it an invaluable reference for students, researchers, and anyone interested in the dynamics of human populations.
Introduction to population pyramids
Population pyramids display a population's age and sex composition using horizontal bars to represent the numbers or proportions of males and females in each age group or cohort. They reveal details about a population such as patterns of fertility, mortality, and migration. Pyramids can have three general profiles: rapid growth shown by a large youth population; slow growth with a smaller youth population; or zero growth with equal numbers in each age range tapering at older ages.
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: POPULATION STRUCTURE
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: POPULATION STRUCTURE. Types of population structure. Population pyramids. Demographic transition model. Case studies: UK (MEDC) and MOZAMBIQUE (LEDC).
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: POPULATION STRUCTURE
GEOGRAPHY IGCSE: POPULATION STRUCTURE, It contains: types of population structure, population pyramids, demographic transition model, case studies UK (MEDC) and MOZAMBIQUE (LEDC).
p.pyramid ppt group -klllllllllllllllllll4.pptx
The document discusses population pyramids, which graphically represent the age and sex distribution of a population. It describes the structure of population pyramids, including how they show population size on the x-axis and age groups on the y-axis divided by gender. It also explains how to interpret population pyramids and the different types (stationary, expansive, constrictive). The document then discusses the importance of population pyramids for understanding demographic trends and policymaking. It provides examples of population pyramids in Ethiopia from 1999 and 2024, noting Ethiopia's youthful population and declining fertility rates leading to future aging.
GEOGRAPHY CAMBRIDGE IGCSE: POPULATION AND MIGRATION
GEOGRAPHY CAMBRIDGE IGCSE: POPULATION AND MIGRATION. Presentation suitable for Year 11 Cambridge Geography students.
Demography and family welfare, VI unit in community health nursing
Demography is the statistical study of human populations, specifically concerning size, structure, and distribution, as well as changes resulting from birth, death, migration, and aging. The key demographic processes that affect population change are fertility, mortality, marriage, migration, and social mobility. A population's size, composition, and distribution can be measured using tools like crude birth/death rates, life expectancy, sex ratio, and population density. Demographic changes over time occur in stages defined by the demographic transition theory.
Demographic model
The document discusses the demographic transition model and how it explains variations in population growth rates between countries. It describes the four stages of the demographic transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, and notes that most developing countries are currently in stages 2-3 with rapid population growth. Population pyramids are introduced as a way to visualize a country's age and sex structure and compare demographics between places in different transition stages.
Population Pyramid
There are three types of population pyramids: expansive, slow growth, and no growth. A population pyramid graphically represents the age and sex composition of a population based on census data. Pyramid A represents a developing country with a high and increasing birth rate seen in its large 0-4 age group. Pyramid B shows a developed country with a decreasing birth rate seen by comparing age groups. Pyramid C has a birth rate that is neither increasing nor decreasing significantly.
My Own Demography 3 Population Pyramid.pptx
A population pyramid graphically displays a population's age and sex composition using horizontal bars to present numbers or proportions of males and females in each age group. The pyramid shape can indicate factors like birth rates, population growth or decline, health, and development levels. General structures include triangles for growing populations, hexagons for stable populations, and cups for declining populations. A pyramid provides information on metrics like median age, sex ratios, dependency ratios, and expected changes based on current age distributions.
SQA higher geography population
The document discusses population topics including population structure, population pyramids, census data collection, and the demographic transition model. It describes how population pyramids show the age and gender composition of a population and can reveal changes over time. It also explains that censuses aim to count every person in a country and collect key data like age, gender, occupation that help governments plan services. The demographic transition model shows typical stages of population change from high birth/death rates to low as countries develop.
Population change revision
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GEOGRAPHY CAMBRIDGE IGCSE: POPULATION AND MIGRATION
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Population pyramids
- 1. Changing populations and places 1. Population Terms & Tools
- 2. Syllabus link Population change and demographic transition over time, including •natural increase •fertility rate •life expectancy •population structure •dependency ratios
- 5. What are Population Pyramids? Population pyramids are a special kind of graph that show how a country’s population is structured. They show the population composition or structure of a country Population pyramids are also known as age-sex pyramids
- 6. They show two main things: 1.The number or percentage of males and females in the population; 2.The number or percentage of people in different age categories. Males Females 20-25 year old male age group 55-59 year old female age group
- 7. The shape of a population pyramid can tell us a lot including: • whether the population is growing, stable or shrinking. • information about the history of a country via what happened to its people; • They can also tell us about the future of a population
- 8. Age composition • The population is normally divided into five year groups e.g. 0-4, 5-9, 10-14 on the vertical axis. • Different age groups are known as cohorts Shown on the vertical axis
- 9. Sex / Gender Composition • Figures for males are recorded on the left of the diagram. • Figures for females are recorded on the right of the diagram. Shown on the horizontal axis
- 10. The horizontal axis may either represent: • actual numbers • the percentage of the total population in each age category.
- 11. Population pyramids can show: Change over time
- 12. Population pyramids can show:
- 13. Population pyramids can show: Difference between countries
- 14. Population pyramids can show:
- 15. Population pyramids can show:
- 16. Population pyramids can show:
- 17. Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5 Population Pyramid Shapes
- 18. 65 15 Age 15 65 Age Stage 1 •High death and birth rate. •Each age group rapidly shrinks in size due to high death rate. •Short life expectancy. •Population is not growing. Stage 2 • High birth rate. • Rapid fall in death rate. • Increasing life expectancy. • Population is rapidly growing. Stage 3 • Declining birth rate • Low death rate • More people living to old age • Rapidly growing population Stage 4 •Low birth and death rate •Longer life expectancy •An older population that grows slowly if at all. Stage 5: • Low birth rate falls below low death rate. • Older population that begins to shrink in size. Male MaleFemale Female There are five different general population population shapes. Each one corresponds to a different relationship between birth and death rates. It is expected that most populations will move in a sequence from ‘Stage 1’ to ‘Stage 4’, perhaps even reaching ‘Stage 5’.