The document discusses age distributions in less developed and more developed countries. It notes that less developed countries have around one-third of their population under age 15, while more developed countries have under one-fifth under age 15. India is highlighted as having the youngest population in the world, with 64% under age 40. While a young population can provide benefits like economic growth, it also strains resources and increases challenges around education, employment, and infrastructure.

1. Age Distribution
•The proportionate numbers of persons in successive age categories in a given
population.
•Almost one-third of the population in less developed countries is under age
15. In contrast, less than one-fifth of the population in more developed
countries is under 15.
• Today there are more than 2 billion young people below age 20 in less
developed regions—the age cohort that will soon become the world’s newest
group of parents.

2. Youngest Nation : India
 India’s 64% of population is less than 40 age.
 India is the youngest nation of the world .

3. Advantages Of Youngest Nation
 Gives the country a chance to build an educated & civilized community.
 Provide a growing market for the manufactured products.
 Provides a large tax base for the country.

4. Disadvantages
 It strains the education and health care services, food supplies and
accommodation availabilities.
 Rural-urban migration increases as rural areas are unable to sustain
growing population. This leads to shanty towns. This further leads to
increase poverty and lower standard of country.
 Unable to maintain & control the growing population, there is a political
instability in the country.

5. Challenges For India
 Providing quality education.
 Skilled labor.
 Employment.
 Lack of infrastructure.
 Providing basic amenities.
 Population control.

6. The Critical Analysis
 The first is the increased labor supply. However, the magnitude of this
benefit appears to be dependent on the ability of the economy to absorb
and productively employ the extra workers rather than be a pure
demographic gift.
 The second mechanism is the increase in savings. As the number of
dependents decreases individuals can save more. This increase in national
savings rates increases the stock of capital in developing countries already
facing shortages of capital and leads to higher productivity as the
accumulated capital is invested.
 The third mechanism is human capital. Decreases in fertility rates result in
healthier women and fewer economic pressures at home. This also allows
parents to invest more resources per child, leading to better health and
educational outcomes.
 The fourth mechanism for growth is the increasing domestic demand
brought about by the increasing GDP per capita and the decreasing
dependency ratio.

7. Concerns for India
 Demographic Dividend is a limited time window, in which all the
appropriate policy framework has to put in, to be able to utilize
the window.
 India needs to create 1 million jobs every month to be able to
provide employment for the population entering working age
group and for those moving out of agriculture.
 About 92% of India's are informal workers. Informal employment
is insecure, poorly paid and has no social security. There's also a
difference between wages of regular workers and informal or
contract workers.
 The overall quality of the higher education system is well below
global standards.
 India ranks 135 on the global Human Development Index
rankings.

8. Age Distribution Of USA
Age structure :
 0-14 years: 19.4% .
 15-24 years: 13.7% .
 25-54 years: 39.9% .
 55-64 years: 12.6% .
 65 years and over: 14.5% .

9. Age Distribution Of Israel
Age structure:
 0-14 years: 27.1% .
 15-24 years: 15.7% .
 25-54 years: 37.8% .
 55-64 years: 8.8% .
 65 years and over: 10.7% .