Plasma proteins play important roles in the body such as being diagnostic biomarkers and supporting cell growth. Analysis identified several plasma proteins encoded by the X chromosome including APXL protein and immunoglobulin binding protein 1. Most of these proteins have few isoforms and around 42% show single nucleotide polymorphisms, suggesting a risk of mutations. Post-translational modifications were limited to phosphorylation and the subcellular localization of many remains unknown, though some were found in unexpected areas like the nucleus.

1. Analysis of plasma protein encoded by X- Chromosome Balamurugan.m

3. Importance of plasma proteins 1. From ancient days we are using Blood as a diagnostic sample. Where we really examine the protein present in the plasma fluid. The act as a important diagnostic sample. 2. The protein present in the blood can also be called as Serum Protein. Animal cell are grown in GMEM media which contain 20% of serum content. It took 9 years to develop a serum free media for animal cell culture. Still the growth of cells in serum free media is not comparable with Serum containing media. They to need 5% of serum for the proper growth of cells. Serum free media should also need 5% of serum. Hence we cannot call it as a defined media. This indirectly means that complete composition of serum is not known yet. many hypothetical protein is also found in serum whose function is not known. Hence its very important to study the plasma protein function and understanding of its genetic function.

4. Plasma fluid : Blood is taken in a test tube

5. Plasma fluid : Anti coagulate is added to the blood and allow it to settle for some time.

6. Plasma fluid : Blood cell such as RBC, WBC will settle at the bottom Where as the yellow colored fluid remain at the top is called plasma fluid

7. Plasma fluid :

8. Plasma fluid : Plasma Fluid contains 90% of water 7% of blood protein ( fibrinogen, albumin, globulin etc) 2% of nutrients (sugar, amino acid, lipids etc) Hormones (erythropoietin, insulin etc) Electrolyte (Na+, k+, Ca+ etc)

10. Auxiliary Transport Cell adhesion activity DNA binding DNA Repair RNA binding Transcription factor Activity Visualizing of Plasma protein functioning

11. Genomic analysis of plasma protein : Plasma protein genome is taken from plasmaproteomdatabase.org, which is of course created and maintain by IOB and PANDAY Lab. Best part of this website is we can download the entire databank as a XML format. Plasma protein which are express in X-chromosome is filtered with the help of Microsoft EXCEL. These genes where further analyzed as mention in the flow chart

12. Plasma protein database www.ppd.org Plasma protein coded By X-chromosome gene Is filtered Gene expression Analysis SNP Analysis PTM Analysis Ectoplic Localization Work flow chart

13. Plasma proteins encoded in X-Chromosome: The plasma protein as declared by Human Protein organization (HuPO) which Are being encoded by X-Chromosome APXL protein Nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 3 Immunoglobulin binding protein 1 Melanoma associated antigen B4 Sushi repeat containing protein SRPX Plexin B3 G-antigen family D2 MAGEA ii Praline rice gamma carboxy glutamic acid protein 1 Adlican DKFZP564B147 protein DOCk ii Hypothetical protein FLJ11362 FLJ12525 Hypothetical protein FLJ12969 FLJ22965 FLJ33516 JM II protein JM5 protein Hypothetical protein KIAA1318 Leucine rich protein & calponin homology CH domain containing 2 WD repeat domain 40B Melanoma antigen family C3 7CEAL8 protein NF Kappa B activating protein Paraneoplastic antigen MA3 Paraneoplastic antigen like5 UTP u3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein Homology A Hypothetical protein FLJ32867 Plexin-A3 Dysotropin related protein2

14. Isoform analysis : Complete isoform studies shows that there is not much isoform found in plasma protein encoded by X-chromosome Only few protein 4-5% has 4-5 isoform About 20-22% of protein have 1-2 isoform

15. SNP analysis: 42% of protein shows SNP where as remaining 58% doesn’t show any SNPs. This highlights the possibility of occurrence of mutation in this region of X-chromosome. Mutation may let to the serious disorder. Hence this is consider as highly disease susceptible region.

16. PTM Analysi s : Only 6% of protein undergoes post-translation modification. The only type of post translation modification found in these protein was phosphorylation. They were no indication of any proteolytic cleavage.

17. Ectopic Localization : The ectopic localization of about 62% protein were still not known. 10% of protein were found in plasma membrane. The most significant part of this analysis is about 17% were found to be located at nucleus and cytoplasm which is quite unusual hence there is a deviation from their normal localization.

18. Conclusion: Plasma protein encoded by x-chromosome shows very less number of isoform which is very common in other proteins. They show very less post translation modification rate. And the only post translation modification they have shown is phosporylation. Where as glycosylation is very common in other protein. Non of the protein is cleaved with protolytic enzyme. This indirectly means no two protein fragment is coded by the single gene sequence. Plasma protein which are generally known to be present in blood is also present in nucleolus and cytoplasm at considerable amount (17%).

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