Plants
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This document summarizes the two major groups of plants - flowering plants and nonflowering plants. It focuses on nonflowering plants, describing the two main groups of spore-bearing plants and cone-bearing plants. Spore-bearing plants reproduce asexually through spores contained in sporangium and include ferns, mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. Cone-bearing plants, also called conifers, reproduce through male and female cones and include pine trees, redwoods, spruces, and firs.
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Vegetative propagation
Vegetative propagation is a process of plant reproduction using vegetative plant parts like roots, stems, leaves rather than seeds or spores. It involves the use of meristem tissue and mitosis to produce new plants identical to the parent plant. There are two types of vegetative propagation - natural processes involving structures like tubers, rhizomes, bulbs and runners, and artificial processes like cutting, grafting, layering and tissue culture which involve human intervention to propagate desirable plant varieties.
Vascular nonvascular plants
Plants are classified into two main groups - vascular and nonvascular plants. [1] Vascular plants have tubes, roots, stems and leaves that allow them to stand tall and carry water throughout the plant. [2] Nonvascular plants do not have tubes, roots, stems or leaves and soak up water and nutrients directly from the soil. [3] Botanists classify plants based on whether they are vascular or nonvascular and their other distinguishing characteristics.
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This document provides information about classifying plants into the vascular and non-vascular categories based on their internal structures. It explains that vascular plants have well-developed systems for transporting water and food through tissues like xylem and phloem, while non-vascular plants lack these structures and transport nutrients cell to cell only. Examples are given of vascular plants like trees and grasses that have true roots, stems, and leaves, as well as non-vascular plants like mosses that remain small without specialized transport systems.
Seed plants characteristics
Seed plants have three main characteristics: 1) they have vascular tissue that transports nutrients and water throughout the plant, 2) they reproduce using seeds, and 3) they have a complex life cycle involving sporophytes and gametophytes. Seeds contain an embryo, stored food, and a protective seed coat. The embryo develops into a new plant, the stored food nourishes the embryo's growth, and the seed coat protects these parts. Leaves capture sunlight for photosynthesis, stems transport nutrients and provide structure/support, and roots anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients.
VASCULAR PLANTS :)
Vascular plants include clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms like conifers, and angiosperms. They have specialized tissues called xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and phloem transports food.
Lycophytes are the oldest division of vascular plants, developing 410 million years ago. They reproduce using spores, not seeds, and alternate between sporophyte and gametophyte generations. Club mosses are examples.
Monilophytes, or ferns, developed 360 million years ago. They resemble lycophytes but have true leaves. Gymnosperms like conifers and cycads bear naked seeds in cones
Plants: Presentation One for Spaced Learning
This document provides an overview of plant structures and classifications. It begins by describing nonvascular plants like mosses, which lack true roots, stems or leaves and rely on diffusion. Next, it covers seedless vascular plants like ferns and seed vascular plants like gymnosperms and angiosperms. Key details include the structures and functions of roots, stems, leaves and their tissues. It also explains the differences between monocots and dicots as well as reproductive structures like seeds, spores and their dispersal methods.
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This document provides an outline and objectives for a lesson on vascular plants from Botany 103. It will cover overview of vascular plants and their organs, plant growth and development, plant embryology, plant growing seasons, and the specific organs of roots, stems, and leaves. The lesson objectives are for learners to define key terms, identify plant organs, describe plant structures and embryonic development, and understand the general functions of roots, stems, and leaves. The document then provides details on each of these topics in the given lesson outline.
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Vascular plants include clubmosses, horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms like conifers, and angiosperms. They have specialized tissues called xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and phloem transports food.
Lycophytes are the oldest division of vascular plants, developing 410 million years ago. They reproduce using spores, not seeds, and alternate between sporophyte and gametophyte generations. Club mosses are examples.
Monilophytes, or ferns, developed 360 million years ago. They resemble lycophytes but have true leaves. Gymnosperms like conifers and cycads bear naked seeds in cones
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Compiled Notes for the following outcomes:
Identify plant structure
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The document discusses the growth habits and characteristics of cashew plants. It provides details in 3 paragraphs:
1) Cashew plants are evergreen perennial trees that grow 12-15 feet tall. They have leathery oblong or ovate leaves arranged alternately. The bark secretes a resin for defense.
2) Cashew plants flower from dry weather. The flowers are polygamous, bearing male, female, and bisexual flowers. Pollination relies on insects.
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P L A N T S
The plant kingdom is divided into two main groups: vascular and non-vascular plants. Vascular plants have tissues that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. Non-vascular plants like mosses and liverworts lack these tissues and rely on cell walls for transport. Seedless plants reproduce via spores and include non-vascular bryophytes as well as vascular horsetails, ferns, and spikemosses. Seed plants have true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues. They reproduce via seeds and are divided into gymnosperms like conifers, which have naked seeds, and angiosperms, which produce flowers and fruits containing seeds. Angiosperms are further divided into monocots and dicots.
Plant kingdom4.pptrb[1]
1) Plants are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that contain cellulose in their cell walls and produce their own food through photosynthesis using chlorophyll.
2) There are four major groups of plants - bryophytes, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms - which are separated based on their vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers.
3) Angiosperms are the most common and successful group, as they bear seeds within protective flowers and fruits, allowing for pollination and wide dispersal.
Plant kingdom.pptrb[1]
1) Plants are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that contain cellulose in their cell walls and produce their own food through photosynthesis using chlorophyll.
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3) Angiosperms are the most common and successful group, as their flowers attract animals to help with pollination and their seeds develop protected inside the flower.
Plant kingdom2.pptrb[1]
1) Plants are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that contain cellulose in their cell walls and produce their own food through photosynthesis using chlorophyll.
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Fern
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The document discusses the classification and characteristics of different types of plants. Vascular plants have transport tissues called xylem and phloem, while non-vascular plants do not. Xylem transports water and phloem transports food. Vascular plants are divided into woody plants, which have bark and grow in rings, and herbaceous plants, which have soft stems and grow in bundles. Reproduction also distinguishes plant types, with seed plants reproducing sexually and spore plants reproducing asexually. Flowering plants produce seeds in flowers, while cone-bearing plants produce seeds in cones. Monocot and dicot plants differ in seed, leaf, vein and flower structures.
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Additional info:
+ Division Equisetophyta (horsetails & scouring rushes)
+ Division Psilotophyta (whisk ferns)
(This is our report in Botany 2.)
Made by: Sharmine Ballesteros (BS Biology 2A2-1)
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This document summarizes plant classification and the life cycle of flowering plants. It discusses that plants are classified into non-flowering plants, which reproduce with spores, and flowering plants, which reproduce with flowers and seeds. Flowering plants are further divided into gymnosperms, which have cones and seeds but no fruit, and angiosperms, which produce fruits containing seeds. The document then outlines the process of photosynthesis, pollination leading to fertilization and seed production, and how seeds germinate into new plants. It concludes with describing asexual reproduction methods of tubers, bulbs, and stolons.
plant cultivation
This document discusses methods of plant cultivation and crude drug collection and processing. It describes two main methods of cultivation - sexual propagation using seeds and asexual propagation using vegetative parts. It also outlines various vegetative propagation techniques like bulbs, tubers, cuttings and more. The document provides details on collecting crude drugs from plants at optimal times and processing methods like drying using natural, tray or spray drying to remove moisture and prevent spoilage during storage.
Plants 10
This document summarizes the plant kingdom, dividing plants into two main categories: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants are further divided into monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants based on whether their embryos have one or two cotyledons. Non-flowering plants include bryophytes like moss which lack roots and vascular tissue, ferns which have vascular tissue and reproduce via spores, and gymnosperms like conifers which bear seeds in cones but not flowers.
angiosperms.pptx
Angiosperms are flowering plants that reproduce sexually through flowers. They dominate terrestrial ecosystems, making up around 90% of all plant species. Key characteristics include producing flowers, fruits, and seeds. Angiosperms were more reproductively successful than earlier plants due to animal pollination and seed dispersal via fruits. They have a double fertilization process and can be annual, biennial, or perennial. Angiosperms occupy nearly all habitats on Earth and are economically important as food, materials, medicines, and ornamentals.
PLANTS.pptx
Spores are units of asexual reproduction for nonflowering plants that contain both male and female reproductive organs. The document then discusses four main types of spore-bearing plants: algae, mosses, ferns, and conifers. Conifers are cone-bearing, woody, and vascular plants that reproduce through cones containing naked seeds. Common examples are pines and cypress.
Plant parts
The document discusses the main plant parts - roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits - and their functions. It provides details on the types of root and stem systems in different plant types. The key functions of roots are water and mineral absorption and anchoring the plant. Stems provide structure, support, transport, storage, and vegetative propagation. Leaves originate at nodes and their primary functions are photosynthesis and gas exchange. Flowers are the reproductive units that contain reproductive organs like stamens and carpels. Fruits develop from the fertilized ovary and contain seeds.
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Plants
- 1. Plants
- 2. Two Major Groups of Plants: • Flowering Plants – Have seeds that are enclosed within an ovary, producing flowers and fruits. • Nonflowering Plants – Do not have an outer covering for their seeds, which develop on the surfaces of scales or leaves.
- 4. Two main groups of Nonflowering Plants: • Spore-bearing Plants • Cone-bearing Plants
- 5. Spore-Bearing Plants Spore-bearing Plants can either be: • Tracheophytes –Have vascular tissues Example: ferns • Bryophytes –Nonvascular plants Example: liverworts, hornworts and mosses
- 6. Asexual Reproduction – a type of reproduction that involves only a single organism or cell to make a copy of itself. – the spores in spore-bearing plants can reproduce on their own because they both contain male and female reproductive organs.
- 7. Sporangium – capsule-like structure that produces and stores the tiny spores.
- 8. Examples of Spore-bearing Plants • Ferns Ferns are common spore-bearing plants. They can live in cold and dry places.
- 9. • Mosses Mosses have simple leaves that branch out from simple stems. These leaves almost always have a midrib. These plants can live in mild, damp regions and can be found growing on land, rocks, and other plants.
- 10. • Liverworts Liverworts contain leafy stems, but their leaves do not have a midrib.
- 11. • Hornworts Hornworts also contains thallus or irregular bodies that branch out.
- 12. Cone-Bearing Plants (conifers) The seeds of conifers are not enclosed in female tissues. Their leaves are needle-like and contain vascular tissues which include the xylem and the phloem.
- 13. Xylem - transports water and dissolved minerals Phloem – transports food and nutrients
- 14. Two Types of Cones: • Female Cones – bigger and can live for years • Male Cones – smaller and can live for only a few weeks
- 15. In order to reproduce,
- 16. Examples of Cone-Bearing Plants • Pine Trees They have evergreen needles or leaves. Pine is commonly used for construction and carpentry because of its availability and low cost
- 17. • Redwoods Redwoods have 3 species: 1. Sequoiadendron giganteum or giant sequoia 2. Sequoia sempervirens or the coast redwood 3. Metasequoia glyptostroboides or the dawn redwood
- 18. • Spruces Spruce are large trees that can reach heights of 20 to 60 meters upon maturity. It serves as a good material for making quality paper.
- 19. • Firs Fir belongs to the same family as pines (Pinaceae) but are unique in their family because of their distinguishable needlelike leaves and cylindrical cones. Used for making furniture and also a popular choice for Christmas trees.