7. The Leaf: The main role of the leaf is to convert solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis . Parts of the Leaf: Epidermis Stoma Spongy Layer Vascular Tissue Palisade cells Structures PLANTS

9. The Leaf: Epidermis Cuticle So how does CO 2 and water molecules needed for photosynthesis enter the leaf? Through the stoma Structures PLANTS

11. The Leaf: Epidermis Stoma and Guard Cells Structures PLANTS

13. The Leaf: Vascular Tissue The VEINS – made up of xylem and phloem which are bundled together in thin strands. They allow the movement of water and nutrients Think back to the veins in a dicot and monocot flower. Which veins are parallel and which are net-like? Structures PLANTS

14. The Leaf: Palisade Cells -Palisade cells act like a solar panel . -In dicot leaves, the palisade cells stand tall and upright . -The top end of the palisade cell’s surface is exposed to light. -The bottom end is exposed to the gases in the spongy layer. -This allows photosynthesis to take place. Structures PLANTS

15. The Stem: Epidermis - Outermost layer of the stem -Contains chloroplasts , cuticle , stomata -Allows for photosynthesis to take place -Also protects the inner tissues of the stem Structures PLANTS

16. The Stem: Vascular Tissue -Contain both xylem and phloem -In dicots , the tissue is arranged in a ring -In monocot , the tissue is scattered everywhere. Structures PLANTS

17. The Stem: Pith -Found in the center of the stem -Contains air spaces (spongy tissue) -Stores water and some nutrients . Structures PLANTS

18. The Stem: Cortex -Layer of tissue surrounding the pith. - Rigid tissue -Structural support -Also stores water and some nutrients Structures PLANTS

19. The Roots: - Anchors the plant in the soil and holds the stem in place - Prevents erosion -Roots absorb water required for photosynthesis and replace water loss during transpiration. -Absorb dissolved minerals - Store starch that is made by the leaves Structures PLANTS

20. The Roots: 2 types Fibrous Roots – large number of slender roots Taproot – one large root. Ex: Beets, carrots, turnips and radishes. Which type of root is more effective in preventing erosion? Structures PLANTS

21. The Roots: 4 zones -Zone of maturation: cells differentiate into different types of cells. -Zone of elongation: allows the root to get deeper within the soil - Meristematic region: rapid mitosis of undifferentiated meristematic cells. - Root cap: protects the meristematic region. Structures PLANTS

22. The Roots: Epidermis -Contain root hairs on the surface. - Protects the interior root structures. -Absorbs water and dissolved minerals from the soil. Structures PLANTS

23. The Roots: Epidermis -Roots epidermal cells have no chloroplasts therefore they cannot make food. -The root cells must perform cellular respiration (what humans use) in order to stay alive. -The GLUCOSE comes from the starch in the cortex of the root. Structures C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + energy PLANTS

24. The Roots: Cortex Lies inside the root’s epidermis Contain vacuoles for food storage The purple colour observed in photographs is the starch that is stored in the vacuoles. (purple is the dye that was used) Structures PLANTS