Vegetative propagation
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Vegetative propagation is a process of plant reproduction using vegetative plant parts like roots, stems, leaves rather than seeds or spores. It involves the use of meristem tissue and mitosis to produce new plants identical to the parent plant. There are two types of vegetative propagation - natural processes involving structures like tubers, rhizomes, bulbs and runners, and artificial processes like cutting, grafting, layering and tissue culture which involve human intervention to propagate desirable plant varieties.
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Mode of reproduction in plants
This document summarizes plant reproduction, including both asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction occurs without the fusion of male and female gametes and includes vegetative reproduction through structures like rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, and artificial methods like stem and root cuttings. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes and begins with the flower, which contains stamens that produce pollen and pistils containing ovules. Pollination is when pollen is transferred, followed by fertilization where the male and female gametes fuse. This results in the development of seeds from the ovules and fruits from the ovaries. Seed dispersal then carries seeds away from the parent plant.
Vegitative propagation
This document discusses vegetative propagation, which is the asexual reproduction of plants using plant parts like roots, stems, leaves, etc. rather than seeds. It notes that vegetative propagation produces clones of the parent plant. Some reasons for vegetative propagation include the inability to produce viable seeds, ensuring plants are true to the type of the parent, adapting plants to habitats, and producing more plants more quickly than through seeds. The document outlines natural vegetative propagation methods like adventitious roots and runners as well as artificial methods like cuttings, grafting, layering, suckering, and tissue culture.
Asexual reproduction in plants
This document discusses asexual reproduction in plants, which is the formation of new individuals from a single parent's cells and does not allow for genetic variation. It describes several methods of asexual reproduction including vegetative reproduction through bulbs, underground stems, runners, and leaves. It also discusses artificial propagation techniques like stem cuttings, grafting, layering, and plant tissue culture which can be used to reproduce plants without seeds.
Vegetative propagation 1
Vegetative propagation is an important technique in modern Indian agriculture to increase crop yields. It involves reproducing plants through plant parts like stems, roots, and leaves rather than seeds. The key types of vegetative propagation discussed are cuttings, layering, and grafting. Cuttings involve propagating plants from stem, root, or leaf cuttings taken from a mother plant. Layering causes a stem to root while still attached to the parent plant. Grafting involves joining tissue from one plant onto another to propagate commercially important crops like mangoes. Vegetative propagation allows for mass production of plants with desired traits and is widely used in horticultural nurseries.
Plant propogation
Plant propagation can occur through seeds, cuttings, grafting, or tissue culture. Seeds contain dormant plant embryos that germinate under suitable environmental conditions like water, oxygen, temperature, and light. Cuttings involve rooting stem or branch cuttings, while grafting combines tissues from similar or dissimilar plants. Tissue culture grows plants from collected plant tissues in a sterile nutrient solution. Sexual propagation uses seeds to create genetically variable offspring, while asexual propagation through cuttings, grafting, and tissue culture replicates the exact parent plant. Propagation allows multiplying plant species, protecting endangered plants, and improving plant qualities and yields commercially.
Propagation by vegetative structures
Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction that creates genetically identical offspring from a fragment or portion of the parent plant, such as roots, stems, leaves, bulbs, tubers, corms, rhizomes, runners, suckers, or slips. There are several advantages to vegetative propagation including preserving desirable traits, not requiring pollination, being faster than sexual reproduction, and allowing plants to survive unfavorable conditions through structures like tubers, corms, and bulbs. It is especially useful for agricultural and horticultural purposes in propagating crops that do not produce viable seeds, such as bananas, sugarcane, potatoes, and seedless fruit varieties.
Plant propagation techniques
This document discusses asexual plant propagation techniques used in horticulture. It describes various methods such as stem cuttings, leaf cuttings, budding, layering, separation, tissue culture, and grafting. For each method, it provides details on the process and diagrams for visual explanation. The advantages of asexual propagation and tissue culture are also summarized, such as reproducing exact clones of plants and producing new plants faster than seed propagation.
Types-of-ornamental-plants
Ornamental plants are grown for decorative purposes and beautify homes and gardens. They include flowering plants like roses, orchids, and chrysanthemums as well as non-flowering plants such as ferns and palms. Ornamental plants provide cooling effects, can be used to make perfumes and dyes, and are a source of income. Proper selection of plants, soil preparation, and care including watering, fertilizing, and tools are factors to consider when growing ornamental plants.
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Mode of reproduction in plants
This document summarizes plant reproduction, including both asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction occurs without the fusion of male and female gametes and includes vegetative reproduction through structures like rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, and artificial methods like stem and root cuttings. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes and begins with the flower, which contains stamens that produce pollen and pistils containing ovules. Pollination is when pollen is transferred, followed by fertilization where the male and female gametes fuse. This results in the development of seeds from the ovules and fruits from the ovaries. Seed dispersal then carries seeds away from the parent plant.
Vegitative propagation
This document discusses vegetative propagation, which is the asexual reproduction of plants using plant parts like roots, stems, leaves, etc. rather than seeds. It notes that vegetative propagation produces clones of the parent plant. Some reasons for vegetative propagation include the inability to produce viable seeds, ensuring plants are true to the type of the parent, adapting plants to habitats, and producing more plants more quickly than through seeds. The document outlines natural vegetative propagation methods like adventitious roots and runners as well as artificial methods like cuttings, grafting, layering, suckering, and tissue culture.
Asexual reproduction in plants
This document discusses asexual reproduction in plants, which is the formation of new individuals from a single parent's cells and does not allow for genetic variation. It describes several methods of asexual reproduction including vegetative reproduction through bulbs, underground stems, runners, and leaves. It also discusses artificial propagation techniques like stem cuttings, grafting, layering, and plant tissue culture which can be used to reproduce plants without seeds.
Vegetative propagation 1
Vegetative propagation is an important technique in modern Indian agriculture to increase crop yields. It involves reproducing plants through plant parts like stems, roots, and leaves rather than seeds. The key types of vegetative propagation discussed are cuttings, layering, and grafting. Cuttings involve propagating plants from stem, root, or leaf cuttings taken from a mother plant. Layering causes a stem to root while still attached to the parent plant. Grafting involves joining tissue from one plant onto another to propagate commercially important crops like mangoes. Vegetative propagation allows for mass production of plants with desired traits and is widely used in horticultural nurseries.
Plant propogation
Plant propagation can occur through seeds, cuttings, grafting, or tissue culture. Seeds contain dormant plant embryos that germinate under suitable environmental conditions like water, oxygen, temperature, and light. Cuttings involve rooting stem or branch cuttings, while grafting combines tissues from similar or dissimilar plants. Tissue culture grows plants from collected plant tissues in a sterile nutrient solution. Sexual propagation uses seeds to create genetically variable offspring, while asexual propagation through cuttings, grafting, and tissue culture replicates the exact parent plant. Propagation allows multiplying plant species, protecting endangered plants, and improving plant qualities and yields commercially.
Propagation by vegetative structures
Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction that creates genetically identical offspring from a fragment or portion of the parent plant, such as roots, stems, leaves, bulbs, tubers, corms, rhizomes, runners, suckers, or slips. There are several advantages to vegetative propagation including preserving desirable traits, not requiring pollination, being faster than sexual reproduction, and allowing plants to survive unfavorable conditions through structures like tubers, corms, and bulbs. It is especially useful for agricultural and horticultural purposes in propagating crops that do not produce viable seeds, such as bananas, sugarcane, potatoes, and seedless fruit varieties.
Plant propagation techniques
This document discusses asexual plant propagation techniques used in horticulture. It describes various methods such as stem cuttings, leaf cuttings, budding, layering, separation, tissue culture, and grafting. For each method, it provides details on the process and diagrams for visual explanation. The advantages of asexual propagation and tissue culture are also summarized, such as reproducing exact clones of plants and producing new plants faster than seed propagation.
Types-of-ornamental-plants
Ornamental plants are grown for decorative purposes and beautify homes and gardens. They include flowering plants like roses, orchids, and chrysanthemums as well as non-flowering plants such as ferns and palms. Ornamental plants provide cooling effects, can be used to make perfumes and dyes, and are a source of income. Proper selection of plants, soil preparation, and care including watering, fertilizing, and tools are factors to consider when growing ornamental plants.
Asexual reproduction in plants
Asexual reproduction is a process in which new organism is produced from a single parent without the involvement of gametes or cells. Many unicellular and multi cellular organisms reproduce asexually.
Modes of reproduction
1) Plants reproduce both asexually through vegetative propagation and sexually through the fusion of male and female gametes.
2) Asexual reproduction occurs through vegetative propagation using plant parts like stems and leaves, as well as spore formation. This allows for rapid reproduction but limited genetic variation.
3) Sexual reproduction involves pollination of flowers transferring pollen between male stamen and female pistil, followed by fertilization and seed production. This introduces greater genetic variation but requires more time and energy.
Budding & grafting
This document discusses various methods of vegetative propagation, specifically grafting. It defines grafting as attaching the shoot of a superior plant to the root stock of an inferior plant to multiply the superior plant. Several types of grafting are described, including approach grafting, whip grafting, cleft grafting, top grafting, veneer grafting, epicotyl grafting, and budding. Budding is defined as a form of grafting where a bud is inserted into the rootstock and allowed to grow. Different budding techniques like T-budding, patch budding, chip budding, flap budding, and ring budding are also outlined.
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and does not involve meiosis, gamete formation, fertilization, or parthenogenesis. It is common in plants, algae, fungi, and unicellular organisms. Examples of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms include binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, and fragmentation. Binary fission involves a parent cell dividing into two identical daughter cells through mitosis. Sporulation produces dormant spore forms through various types of spores. Budding occurs when a small projection called a bud forms on the parent body and detaches to form a new individual.
Plant propagation nxeitxh
This document discusses plant propagation methods. It describes sexual propagation using seeds and asexual propagation using vegetative parts like cuttings, layering, grafting, and budding. Sexual propagation transmits traits through pollination and seeds but asexual methods preserve the mother plant's characteristics and rapidly multiply plants. The document outlines common asexual techniques including stem cuttings, layering types, grafting approaches, and budding styles. It also defines plant anatomy terms and explains the germination process.
Vegetative Propagation artificial and natural
Vegetative propagation is a method of asexual reproduction in plants where new plants are created from vegetative parts like stems, leaves, and roots without the use of seeds or reproductive organs. There are two types: natural propagation which occurs without human intervention as roots, stems, or leaves develop new plants, and artificial propagation which involves human techniques like cuttings, layering, grafting, and tissue culture to create new plants. Some key examples of plants that use vegetative propagation are potatoes, ginger, mint, and begonias.
Plant propagation methodologies
This document discusses several plant propagation methods including grafting, budding, cuttings, and layering. Grafting and budding involve joining two genetically distinct plants so that they unite and continue growing as a single plant. Cuttings are pieces of plant tissue placed under suitable conditions to regenerate a new plant. Layering is the development of roots on a stem while still attached to the parent plant. The document provides detailed descriptions and illustrations of techniques for each propagation method.
Propagation methods in plants
1. The document discusses various methods of plant propagation including sexual propagation through seeds and asexual propagation through vegetative methods like stem cuttings, layering, grafting, and budding.
2. Sexual propagation involves multiplying plants using seeds which has advantages like producing hardier plants but disadvantages like offspring not being true-to-type.
3. Asexual propagation methods like stem cuttings, layering, grafting, and budding allow for true-to-type reproduction and are used when seeds are not viable options.
4. Specific techniques for each method are described including rooting stem cuttings, layering branches in the soil, grafting using approaches like wedge grafting, and b
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Monocots and dicots
This document compares the key differences between monocots and dicots. It begins by explaining that flowering plants are divided into two classes: monocots and dicots. The main differences discussed are that monocots have vascular bundles that are scattered in the stem cross-section, while dicots have vascular bundles arranged in a ring. Examples of monocots include palms, grasses, orchids and onions, while dicots include oaks, roses, mustards, cacti and sunflowers. Images are also provided showing the different vascular bundle arrangements in a monocot and dicot plant.
Plant propagation
This document discusses various methods of plant propagation including sexual propagation through seeds and asexual propagation through methods like cutting, grafting, budding, layering, division, and tissue culture. It provides details on each method, including defining key terms and outlining the basic process. The goal of plant propagation is to multiply plants of the same species while maintaining desirable traits.
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This document discusses plant propagation techniques for orchard crops. It defines plant propagation as the art and science of multiplying plants through sexual or asexual means. The two main types of propagation are sexual propagation using seeds, and asexual propagation methods like cuttings, budding, grafting, layering, and separation/division of specialized structures. Several specific asexual propagation techniques are described in detail such as stem cuttings, budding methods, grafting styles, and types of layering.
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Plants and animals can reproduce both asexually and sexually. In asexual reproduction, offspring are identical clones of the parent, while sexual reproduction requires the fertilization of egg and sperm to produce offspring with unique combinations of traits. Plants undergo mitosis or meiosis and have structures like flowers, fruits, and spores to facilitate reproduction. Their life cycles and methods of asexual reproduction vary. Animals also use mitosis, meiosis, and sexual reproduction involving male and female gametes. Fertilization results in offspring with a mix of parents' traits. Both kingdoms pass genetic material to offspring through DNA and chromosomes.
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Asexual reproduction in plants
Asexual reproduction is a process in which new organism is produced from a single parent without the involvement of gametes or cells. Many unicellular and multi cellular organisms reproduce asexually.
Modes of reproduction
1) Plants reproduce both asexually through vegetative propagation and sexually through the fusion of male and female gametes.
2) Asexual reproduction occurs through vegetative propagation using plant parts like stems and leaves, as well as spore formation. This allows for rapid reproduction but limited genetic variation.
3) Sexual reproduction involves pollination of flowers transferring pollen between male stamen and female pistil, followed by fertilization and seed production. This introduces greater genetic variation but requires more time and energy.
Budding & grafting
This document discusses various methods of vegetative propagation, specifically grafting. It defines grafting as attaching the shoot of a superior plant to the root stock of an inferior plant to multiply the superior plant. Several types of grafting are described, including approach grafting, whip grafting, cleft grafting, top grafting, veneer grafting, epicotyl grafting, and budding. Budding is defined as a form of grafting where a bud is inserted into the rootstock and allowed to grow. Different budding techniques like T-budding, patch budding, chip budding, flap budding, and ring budding are also outlined.
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and does not involve meiosis, gamete formation, fertilization, or parthenogenesis. It is common in plants, algae, fungi, and unicellular organisms. Examples of asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms include binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, and fragmentation. Binary fission involves a parent cell dividing into two identical daughter cells through mitosis. Sporulation produces dormant spore forms through various types of spores. Budding occurs when a small projection called a bud forms on the parent body and detaches to form a new individual.
Plant propagation nxeitxh
This document discusses plant propagation methods. It describes sexual propagation using seeds and asexual propagation using vegetative parts like cuttings, layering, grafting, and budding. Sexual propagation transmits traits through pollination and seeds but asexual methods preserve the mother plant's characteristics and rapidly multiply plants. The document outlines common asexual techniques including stem cuttings, layering types, grafting approaches, and budding styles. It also defines plant anatomy terms and explains the germination process.
Vegetative Propagation artificial and natural
Vegetative propagation is a method of asexual reproduction in plants where new plants are created from vegetative parts like stems, leaves, and roots without the use of seeds or reproductive organs. There are two types: natural propagation which occurs without human intervention as roots, stems, or leaves develop new plants, and artificial propagation which involves human techniques like cuttings, layering, grafting, and tissue culture to create new plants. Some key examples of plants that use vegetative propagation are potatoes, ginger, mint, and begonias.
Plant propagation methodologies
This document discusses several plant propagation methods including grafting, budding, cuttings, and layering. Grafting and budding involve joining two genetically distinct plants so that they unite and continue growing as a single plant. Cuttings are pieces of plant tissue placed under suitable conditions to regenerate a new plant. Layering is the development of roots on a stem while still attached to the parent plant. The document provides detailed descriptions and illustrations of techniques for each propagation method.
Propagation methods in plants
1. The document discusses various methods of plant propagation including sexual propagation through seeds and asexual propagation through vegetative methods like stem cuttings, layering, grafting, and budding.
2. Sexual propagation involves multiplying plants using seeds which has advantages like producing hardier plants but disadvantages like offspring not being true-to-type.
3. Asexual propagation methods like stem cuttings, layering, grafting, and budding allow for true-to-type reproduction and are used when seeds are not viable options.
4. Specific techniques for each method are described including rooting stem cuttings, layering branches in the soil, grafting using approaches like wedge grafting, and b
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This document discusses research advances in grafting and propagation techniques for vegetables. It begins by explaining what grafting is and its benefits, such as improved yield, stress tolerance, and production in non-traditional areas. Various grafting methods are described, and case studies of grafting for crops like tomato, cucumber, and cucurbit vegetables in India are provided. The history and current status of vegetable grafting are reviewed. The document also discusses specific benefits like increased resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, improved growth, nutrient uptake and yield, and enhanced fruit quality.
Monocots and dicots
This document compares the key differences between monocots and dicots. It begins by explaining that flowering plants are divided into two classes: monocots and dicots. The main differences discussed are that monocots have vascular bundles that are scattered in the stem cross-section, while dicots have vascular bundles arranged in a ring. Examples of monocots include palms, grasses, orchids and onions, while dicots include oaks, roses, mustards, cacti and sunflowers. Images are also provided showing the different vascular bundle arrangements in a monocot and dicot plant.
Plant propagation
This document discusses various methods of plant propagation including sexual propagation through seeds and asexual propagation through methods like cutting, grafting, budding, layering, division, and tissue culture. It provides details on each method, including defining key terms and outlining the basic process. The goal of plant propagation is to multiply plants of the same species while maintaining desirable traits.
Methods of Vegetative Propagation
This is a part of the online lecture for the undergraduate Botany students, Government First Grade College, Yelahanka, Bangalore
Plant Propagation Methods
This document discusses plant propagation techniques for orchard crops. It defines plant propagation as the art and science of multiplying plants through sexual or asexual means. The two main types of propagation are sexual propagation using seeds, and asexual propagation methods like cuttings, budding, grafting, layering, and separation/division of specialized structures. Several specific asexual propagation techniques are described in detail such as stem cuttings, budding methods, grafting styles, and types of layering.
Methods of planting
The document discusses two methods of planting crops - direct seeding and indirect seeding. Direct seeding involves planting seeds directly in the soil, while indirect seeding involves first planting seeds in containers like pots before transplanting the seedlings to the soil. Some key advantages of direct seeding are that it requires less labor and results in earlier maturity compared to transplanted crops. However, it also poses disadvantages like greater exposure of seeds to pests and weed competition. Indirect seeding provides more control over growing conditions but requires additional materials and preparation and transplant shock is a risk. Examples are given of crops suitable for each method.
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This is a brief presentation about pollination, fertilisation and germination.
LEVEL: High School (ESL teaching)
TYPES OF BUDDING
This document provides an overview of different types of budding techniques used in grafting plants. It discusses preparation of both the rootstock and budwood, and then explains several specific budding methods - T-budding, chip budding, inverted T-budding, I-budding, flute budding, and patch budding. Each method involves making incisions in specific shapes or patterns in the bark of the rootstock and inserting a single bud from the desired scion variety to facilitate grafting. Proper preparation and a clean cut is important for successful budding across all the techniques presented.
Pollination
This document discusses pollination, defining it as the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower. It describes the two main types of pollination - self-pollination and cross-pollination. Self-pollination involves the transfer of pollen grains within or between flowers on the same plant, while cross-pollination involves the transfer between genetically different plants. The document outlines various pollination mechanisms like anemophily, entomophily and ornithophily and discusses the adaptations of flowers to each. It also describes methods to ensure cross-pollination and the importance and process of artificial pollination as well as coevolution between flowers and
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A seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a protective seed coat that contains stored food. Seeds allow plants to maintain dormancy until conditions are suitable, protect the vulnerable young plant, provide food until photosynthesis is possible, and aid in plant dispersal. The main structures of a seed include the seed coat, hilum, embryo containing cotyledon, epicotyl/hypocotyl, plumule, and radicle. The seed coat protects the embryo while the cotyledon stores food and the epicotyl/hypocotyl and radicle form the basis of the stem and root.
Plant Grafting
The document provides details about plant grafting, including different types of grafting techniques and steps for performing cleft grafting. It describes cleft grafting as one of the simplest and most popular forms of grafting where one or more scions are inserted into a vertical slit made in the rootstock. The key steps for cleft grafting include preparing the rootstock and scions, inserting the tapered scions into the cleft with cambium layers aligned, and sealing the graft with wax or paint.
Powerpoint asexual reproduction in plants
Asexual reproduction in plants allows for rapid colonization without variation, while sexual reproduction introduces variation but requires two parents and can result in harmful mutations. Asexual reproduction in plants occurs through stolons, runners, spores, tubers, bulbs, and grafts. Tubers like potatoes and bulbs like onions are modified plant structures that store nutrients, allow the plant to survive winter, and produce new genetically identical plants.
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Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction in plants where new plants are grown from different plant structures like roots, stems, leaves, and spores rather than seeds. There are several types of vegetative propagation including propagation through roots like tubers in potatoes, propagation through stems like runners in mint, propagation through leaves using cuttings which develop adventitious roots, and propagation through spores in mosses and ferns. Vegetative propagation allows for improving plant traits and growing new plants without the use of seeds.
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Asexual reproduction of plants
1. Asexual reproduction allows plants to clone themselves without combining gametes. Offspring are identical to the parent plant.
2. Natural vegetative propagation occurs without human intervention through structures like bulbs, rhizomes, stolons, tubers, and corms that allow new plants to grow.
3. Artificial vegetative propagation is done by humans, such as through cuttings, layering, grafting, tissue culture, and marcotting to propagate plants faster or for experimental purposes.
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Plants have evolved several key adaptations for living on land, including the ability to absorb nutrients from soil, prevent water loss through structures like the cuticle and stomata, and reproduce without water using pollen. Vascular plants have tissues that transport water and developed seeds, flowers, and other structures that make reproduction more efficient. Plants are divided into nonvascular plants like mosses and vascular plants like ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Angiosperms are the most abundant group and are further divided into monocots and dicots.
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Cone-bearing plants such as pine trees reproduce sexually through cones. Male cones produce pollen grains that are carried by the wind to female cones, where they fertilize ovules to produce seeds. The seeds are then dispersed by the wind or animals. Cone-bearing plants can also reproduce asexually through methods like grafting and layering, which create genetically identical copies of the parent plant.
How do organisms reproduce part 2 (Sexual Reproduction)
During sexual reproduction in humans:
- Gametes are produced during puberty through processes like meiosis which create haploid cells.
- Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell internally, forming a zygote with a full complement of DNA.
- The zygote then divides many times to form an embryo that develops further into a fetus in the uterus, receiving nutrients via the umbilical cord.
plant reproduction
This document discusses various methods of plant reproduction, including sexual and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction in plants involves the transfer of pollen from male to female parts, leading to the production of seeds. Flowers are the main structures involved in sexual reproduction, containing both male stamens and female pistils. Asexual reproduction allows for cloning and involves processes like vegetative reproduction through stems/roots as well as artificial propagation techniques such as cutting, grafting, marcotting, and tissue culture.
P L A N T S
The plant kingdom is divided into two main groups: vascular and non-vascular plants. Vascular plants have tissues that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. Non-vascular plants like mosses and liverworts lack these tissues and rely on cell walls for transport. Seedless plants reproduce via spores and include non-vascular bryophytes as well as vascular horsetails, ferns, and spikemosses. Seed plants have true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues. They reproduce via seeds and are divided into gymnosperms like conifers, which have naked seeds, and angiosperms, which produce flowers and fruits containing seeds. Angiosperms are further divided into monocots and dicots.
Plants organ system
Plants have several major organ systems that allow them to survive and reproduce. These include roots that absorb water and minerals, stems that provide structure and transport nutrients, leaves which perform photosynthesis, and reproductive structures like flowers and seeds. Plant tissues include meristematic tissues that facilitate growth and permanent tissues that carry out specialized functions. Together these organ systems and tissues enable key plant processes and allow plants to sustain life on Earth.
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This document provides information about plant tissue culture. It begins with definitions of plant tissue culture and its goals of producing metabolites or regenerating plants. It then discusses the historical development and different types of cultures, including static callus culture, suspension culture, and organ culture focusing on roots, shoots, leaves and flowers. The document emphasizes that plant tissue culture involves cultivating excised plant tissues in a defined nutrient medium under sterile conditions to produce substances or regenerate plants.
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Vegetative propagation
- 2. Vegetative Propagation – a process of plant reproduction wherein vegetative parts, instead of spores and seeds, of the parent plat are used to produce more plants. It involves reproduction by asexual means through vegetative or nonsexual plant structures.
- 3. Vegetative propagation occurs if the meristem tissue of the plant is present: Meristem tissue – contains the meristematic or undifferentiated cells, which are found in parts of the plant, where growth can take place.
- 5. Mitosis – a type of cell division that results in the production of two daughter cells whose number and kind of chromosomes is the same as that of the parent nucleus.
- 6. Adventitious roots – are roots that come from nonroot plant structures such as stems and leaves.
- 7. There are 2 types of vegetatitve propagation: 1. Natural 2. Artificial
- 8. NATURAL VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION 1. Tuber – Root tubers – Stem tubers A root tuber is a singular, swollen root, enlarged to function as a storage organ for water and nutrients.
- 9. A stem tuber – is a swollen stem that stores water and nutrients.
- 10. 2. Rhizomes – are stems that grow horizontally on the surface of or under the ground.
- 11. 3. Runners or stolons – grow horizontally along the ground’s surface. Runners come from existing stems.
- 12. 4. Bulbs – are round parts of stem that are found underground. Lateral buds – are embryonic shoots. Shoots – are organ systems of a plant that allow stems, leaves, and flowers to grow.
- 14. 5. Corms – have the ability to produce adventitious roots from which new plants develop.
- 15. 6. Reproduction at the Leaves – Some leaves develop buds at their tips. These buds eventually develop roots.
- 16. ARTIFICIAL VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION – involves human intervention 1. Cutting - a technique wherein a healthy part of a plant containing the adventitious roots, usually in the stem or leaf, is cut of and planted.
- 17. 2. Grafting – is similar to cutting in that a scion or twig of a plant is cut. The scion is then attached onto a stock, or a plant whose stem is cut.
- 18. 3. Layering – a technique that utilizes the adventitious roots found in the plants.
- 19. 4. Tissue Culture – a modern method of reproduction. It begins by cutting off a piece of tissue is called the explant, which is place in a container and nurtured to grow into a mass of cells known as the callus.
- 20. 5. Controlled Germination – to control the ability of plants to adapt in different conditions of the environment.