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1. NAME AMJAD KHAN
MICROBIOLOGY 3rd
ASSIGNMENT: 2
SUBJECT CELL BIOLOGY
SUBMITTED TO SIR,GHADIR ALI

2. PROTOPLASM
And Its Properties

3. PROTOPLASM
A colorless jellylike substance in which
food elements such as proteins, fats,
carbohydrates mineral salt and water are
present
 forms the fundamental "living"
substance of the cell

4. ,

5. Elements present in Protoplasm
OXYGEN, HYDROGEN,
CARBON & NITROGEN

6. COMPOUNDS OF
PROTOPLASM
 Water - 75%
 Proteins - cell structure, amino acid building blocks; 10-
20%
 Lipids- source of energy; 2-3%
 Carbohydrates - two or more simple sugars - oxidized
as a source of energy for repair and growth, 2%
 Salts - 1%

7. DIVISIONS OF
PROTOPLASM
A) Nucleoplasm (AKA Nuclear SAP)
 Contains DNA & nucleolus
B) Cytoplasm
1. protoplasm surrounding the nucleus
2. primary function - absorption & secretion

8. PROTOPLASM : THE
LIVING SUBSTANCE OF A
CELL (INCLUDING
CYTOPLASM AND NUCLEUS)

9. PROTOPLASM : The l iving
substance of a cel l ( including
cytoplasm and nucleus)

10. NUCLEOPLASM: The
protoplasm that constitutes
the nucleus of a cell

11. CYTOPLASM : The
protoplasm of a cell excluding
the nucleus

12. PROPERTIES OF PROTOPLASM
 1. Irritability
 2. Conductivity
 3. Contractility & Mobility
 4. Metabolism
 5. Growth
 6. Reproduction (mitosis vs. meiosis)
 7. Absorption
 8. Secretion
 9. Excretion
 10. Respiration

13. (1) IRRITABILITY : Can respond to
a stimulus in its environment
(2) CONDUCTIVITY:
Transmission of an ef fect
from one par t of the cel l to
another throughout the cel l

14. (3) CONTRACTILITY & MOBILITY : Ability to
shorten its length in response to a stimulus
(4) METABOLISM :
l ibe r a t ion of ene rg y f r om nut r i ent s
ne c e s s a r y f or g r owth and r epa i r
1 . c a t abol i sm- br e akdown of compl e x
compounds into s impl e one s
2 . anabol i sm- s ynthe s i s of compl e x
compounds f r om s impl e one s

15. (5) Growth
 An organized cell can
increase its bulk for
growth purposes
ex. mitosis for
multicellular organisms
1
(6) REPRODUCTION :
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
: the process by which cells
reproduce by dividing into two
identical cells called daughter cells
(7) ABSORPTION :
 Pinocytosis - Cell drinking
Cell membrane invalidates, becomes
vacuole
 Phagocytosis- Cell eating - solids

16. Elimination of useful
material
Elimination of
waste material
(10) Respiration O2 is
used to oxidize metabolites
to CO2 & H2O
1
(8) SECRETION (9) EXCRETION

29. STRUCTURES OF
PROTOPLASM
1. Cytoplasmic matrix - AKA Ground substance
2. Organelles- living structural components
3. Inclusions- nonliving cell products
(temporary constituents)