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Izdanak
Stems have four main functions: support, conduction, growth, and storage. They support leaves, flowers, and fruits. Stems can be woody or herbaceous, annual or perennial. Stem anatomy includes primary and secondary tissues. Primary tissues include the epidermis, cortex, and central cylinder. Secondary growth occurs via the vascular cambium, adding secondary xylem and phloem. Stems also have specialized structures like rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, photosynthetic stems, stolons, thorns, and tendrils that serve functions like storage, reproduction, and support.
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Izdanak
- 1. Stems -structure, functions &modifications Damnjanović Ivana
- 2. Stem FunctionsStem Functions •Stems have the following 4 functions or jobs:Stems have the following 4 functions or jobs: – SupportSupport – ConductionConduction – GrowthGrowth – StorageStorage Potpora Rast Provođenje Skladištenje
- 3. SupportSupport • Stems supportthe plant’s leaves, flowers, andStems support the plant’s leaves, flowers, and fruits.fruits. Izdanak nosi listove, cvetove, plodove
- 7. Node- area ofstem where leaf is born Internodes- stem area between nodes -Mesto na stablu gde se nalazi list je NODUS -Deo stabla između dva lista je INTERNODIJA -Interkalarni meristem (rast internodija)
- 9. Izdanak nastaje izpupoljčića klice
- 10. Pupoljak -Deo izdanka kojijoš nije razvijen Tipovi pupoljka: 1. Vršni (temeni) 2. Bočni (pazušni)
- 11. Grananje izdanka 1. Dihotomo– iz temenog pupoljka nastaju dve grane 2. Monopodijalno – neprestan rast glavne osovine; bočne grane 3. Simpodijalno – jači razvoj bočnih grana u odnosu na glavnu osovinu
- 13. Morfologija stabla -stem morfology •Kružni oblik na poprečnom preseku (najčešće) • Uspravna, puzeća, uzdižuća
- 14. Drvenasta stabla - Woodystems • Negranata Unbranched tree
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- 23. Anatomija stabla -stem anatomy Primarnagrađa Primarni meristem Epidermis Primarna kora Centralni cilindar (počinje periciklom) Dicots stem – primary
- 24. -Epidermis (kutikula, trihomi) -Primarnakora (parenhimsko, mehaničko tkivo, poslednji sloj je endodermis) -Centralni cilindar • Počinje periciklom • Srž • Ksilem i floem • Između provodnih snopića je primarni kambijum • Parenhim formira sržne zrake između provodnih snopića
- 25. Typical Stem CrossSection Helianthus annuus- sun flower annual Pith A ring of vascular bundles Epidermis Cortex
- 26. outside to center Epidermis: reduceevaporation, gas exchange Cortex: photosynthesis, collenchyma support Vascular Bundles: conduction Vascular Bundle: Phloem Fibers: support Functional Phloem: conduct CH2O away from leaf Vascular Cambium: add 2° Xylem and 2° Phloem Xylem: conduct minerals up from soil outside tocenter
- 27. Monokotiledone biljke Dikotiledonebiljke Provodni snopići su neravnomerno raspoređeni Provodni snopići su ravnomerno raspoređeni
- 28. Sekundarna građa Sekundarni kambijum (od parenhimasržnih zraka) Spajaju se primarni i sekundarni kambijum- kambijalni prsten Sekundarni floem Sekundarni ksilem Sekundarno debljenje stabla Peridermis i mrtva kora Diferencijacije kambijalnog prstena
- 29. Stem – SecondaryGrowth: • thicker, stronger stems Vascular Cambium: between primary xylem and phloem primary phloem vascular cambium primary xylem epidermis cortex pith primary xylem primary phloem dividing vascular cambium Produces inside stem: A) Secondary xylem - moves H2O, inward B) Secondary phloem - moves sugars, outward
- 30. Vitis vinifera -grape The vascular cambium makes 2° tissues: 2° phloem2° xylem
- 31. Three years ofSecondary Growth Tilia - basswood Secondary Xylem Secondary Phloemcambium
- 32. The study ofthe growth rings in wood: Dendrochronology
- 33. A cork cambiumdifferentiates and produces a periderm. Epidermis Cork Cambium Phelloderm cutin suberin Cork Cells
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- 35. Rizomi -Rhizomes Rizomi – puzećastabla Perunika, paprati, trska
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- 40. Trnovi -Thorns U pazuhu listova Trnjina,divlja ruža
- 41. Rašljike -Tendrils Grape tendrils Pridržavanje tankogtela za neki objekat