CELL: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
Name-ANURAG KUMAR PANDEY
BAMS(PROFESSIONAL 1)

INTRODUCTION
 Fundamental unit of life
 THE FIRST CELL WAS OBSERVED BY ROBERT Hooke (slice of corK)
 That was dead and suberized cell wall
 FIRST LIVING CELL WAS OBSERVED BY Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

GLYCOCALYX
 OUTERMOST LAYER OF CELL
 Carbohydrate molecules form a thin and loose covering over the entire
surface of the cell membrane called glycocalyx.

CELL MEMBRANE
 Seperate extra cellular fluid to intra cellular fluid
 Semipermeable in nature so ,freely permeable to fat soluble substances
 Tipical thickness is about -75-110Å
 Composition of membrane
 Potein-55%
 Lipid-40%
 Carbohydrate -5%
 STRUCTURE OF CELL MEMBRANE
 DANIELLI-DAVSON MODEL-”SANDWICH OF LIPID”

 UNIT MEMBRANE MODEL-JD ROBERTSON , GAVE STRUCTURAL MODEL ON THE BASIS
OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
 FLUID MOSAIC MODEL – SINGER AND NICOLSON
 This model explain about fluid nature of plasma membrane here MOSAIC is the
pattern produced by the protein present in the cell membrane

 LIPID PRESENT IN CELL MEMBRANE ARE-1.Phospholipids 2. Cholesterol.
 Protein molecules are classified into two categories:
 1. Integral proteins 2. Peripheral protein
 FUNCTION OF PROTEIN
 Integral proteins provide the structural integrity of the cell membrane
 Antigens: Some proteins act as antigens and induce the process of antibody
formation
 Pump
 Channel proteins
 FUNCTION OF CELL MEMBRANE
 Protective function
 maintenance of shape and size of the cell
 Excretory function
 Selective permeability

 Cytoplasm – Cytoplasm of the cell is the jellylike material formed by 80% of
water.
 Provide medium for the various chemical reaction occurring in the cell
 Cytoplasm is made up of two zones:
 1. Ectoplasm:
 2. Endoplasm
 CELL ORGANELLES
 MITOCHONDRION– membrane bound cytoplasmic organelle concerned with
production of energy.
 The outer membrane is smooth contains various enzymes such as acetyl-CoA
synthetase and glycerolphosphate acetyltransferase.
 The inner membrane is folded in the form of shelf-like inward projections
called cristae
 Cristae contain many enzymes and other protein molecules which are
involved in respiration and synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

 FUNCTION OF MITOCHONDRIA-1.PRODUCTION OF ATP
 2.Involve in the process of APOPTOSIS
 Other functions of mitochondria include storage of calcium and detoxification
of ammonia in liver
 NUCLEUS
 Nuclear membrane is double layered and porous in nature.
 Nucleoplasm -highly viscous fluid that forms the ground substance of the
nucleus. It is similar to cytoplasm present outside the nucleus
 Nucleoplasm surrounds chromatin and nucleolus.
 Chromatin –DNA HISTONE PROTEIN COMPLEX
 Nucleolus- ribosomal factory
 Function OF NUCLEUS
 1. Control of all the cell activities that include metabolism, protein synthesis,
growth
 2. Synthesis of RNA
 3. Formation of subunits of ribosomes

 4.Control of the cell division through genes
 5.Storage of hereditary information
 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
 Endoplasmic reticulum is a network of tubular and microsomal vesicular
structures
 The endoplasmic reticulum forms the link between nucleus and cell
membrane by connecting the cell membrane with the nuclear membrane
 Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum– 1.ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
 2.SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
 1.ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM-
 endoplasmic reticulum with rough appearance, Rough appearance is due to
the attachment of granular ribosomes to its outer surface
 FUNCTION OF ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
 1. Synthesis of proteins
 2. Degradation of worn-out organelles

 SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM –It is the endoplasmic reticulum with
smooth appearance
 FUNCTION OF SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
 1. Synthesis of non-protein substance
 2. Storage and metabolism of calcium
 3.Catabolism and detoxification
 GOLGI APPARATUS
 Golgi complex is a membrane-bound organelle, involved in the
processing of proteins. It is present in all the cells except red blood
cells
 It consists of 5 to 8 flattened membranous sacs called the cisternae
 Functions of Golgi Apparatus
 1.Processing of materials
 2.Packaging of materials

THANK YOU 😊