Pharmacokinetics - drug absorption, drug distribution, drug metabolism, drug excretion
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A power point presentation on general aspects of Pharmacokinetics suitable for undergraduate medical students beginning to study Pharmacology. Also suitable for Post Graduate students of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Pharmacokinetics - drug absorption, drug distribution, drug metabolism, drug excretion
- 1. Pharmacokinetics Dr. D. K. Brahma Department of Pharmacology NEIGRIHMS, Shillong
- 3. Relationship – Dynamics and Kinetics Dosage Regimen Concentration in Plasma Concentration at the site of action Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics Effect
- 6. Biological Membrane - image
- 12. Henderson–Hasselbalch Equation pKa = negative logarithm of acid dissociation constant [A-] = ionized Drug [HA] = unionized drug
- 13. pH Vs ionization
- 16. Filtration
- 28. 1 st pass Elimination – Metabolism in liver Buccal cavity Stomach Intestine Rectum Portal vein Vena cava
- 29. Buccal and Rectal – bypasses liver Vena cava
- 32. Biovailability - AUC Plasma concentration (mcg/ml) Time (h) 0 5 10 15 AUC p.o. F = ------------ x 100% AUC i.v. AUC – area under the curve F – bioavailability
- 33. Biovailability – contd. MTC MEC
- 36. Volume of Distribution (V) Total Body Fluid = 42 L (approx.)
- 38. Volume of Distribution (V) Vd = IV dose/C
- 41. Blood brain barrier (BBB) : includes the capillary endothelial cells (which have tight junctions and lack large intracellular pores) and an investment of glial tissue, over the capillaries. A similar barrier is loctated in the choroid plexus Brain and CSF Penetration
- 47. 3. Biotransformation Metabolism of Drugs
- 53. Oxidation - CYP CYP3A4/5
- 64. 4. Excretion
- 74. Kinetics of Elimination Zero Order 1st Order conc. Time
Editor's Notes
- The pH scale is logarithmic and as a result, each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. For example, pH 4 is ten times more acidic than pH 5 and 100 times (10 times 10) more acidic than pH 6. The same holds true for pH values above 7, each of which is ten times more alkaline (another way to say basic) than the next lower whole value. For example, pH 10 is ten times more alkaline than pH 9 and 100 times (10 times 10) more alkaline than pH
- A chemical substance that takes on oxygen or gives up electrons to another substance. Read more: Oxidation-Reduction Reaction - examples, body, used, water, process, life, plants, chemical, form, energy, gas, animals, carbon, oxygen, substance, plant, Redox and electron exchanges http://www.scienceclarified.com/Oi-Ph/Oxidation-Reduction-Reaction.html#ixzz0wPXCNZTp Reduction: A process in which a chemical substance gives off oxygen or takes on electrons. Read more: Oxidation-Reduction Reaction - examples, body, used, water, process, life, plants, chemical, form, energy, gas, animals, carbon, oxygen, substance, plant, Redox and electron exchanges http://www.scienceclarified.com/Oi-Ph/Oxidation-Reduction-Reaction.html#ixzz0wPXUgtyL
- Faeces: Liver actively transport drugs and its metabolites into bile (Glucoronides). OATP – orgnic acids and OCT – organic bases. Other lipophillic drugs – by P-gp. Most lucoronides are deconjugated by bacteria and reabsorbed in intestine – enterohepatic circulation. Drugs – erythromycin, rifmpicin and tetracycline etc. Ultimate excretion occurs in urine Milk – not importnt for mother but for fetus. Basic drugs can pass to milk as it has slightly lower pH Drugs – Saliva – Lithium, KI, heavy metals and rifampicin
- Although Cpss cn be calculated, its real value actually varies with individuls – deviation from averge ptients