This document summarizes various methods for controlling the speed of three-phase induction motors. It discusses that induction motors are commonly used in industry due to their low cost and rugged construction but operate at constant speed. Various speed control methods are then outlined, including stator voltage control, stator frequency control, and stator current control. V/F control is also explained in detail along with its advantages for providing efficient motor speed control. The document concludes by discussing applications in industry and topics for further research.
A synchronous motor is electrically identical with an alternator or AC generator.
A given alternator ( or synchronous machine) can be used as a motor, when driven electrically.
Some characteristic features of a synchronous motor are as follows:
1. It runs either at synchronous speed or not at all i.e. while running it maintains a constant speed. The only way to change its speed is to vary the supply frequency (because NS=120f/P).
2. It is not inherently self-starting. It has to be run up to synchronous (or near synchronous) speed by some means, before it can be synchronized to the supply.
3. It is capable of being operated under a wide range of power factors, both lagging and leading. Hence, it can be used for power correction purposes, in addition to supplying torque to drive loads.
Breaking,Types of Electrical Braking system, Regenerative Braking, Plugging ...Waqas Afzal
Why Breaking?
Requirements for Braking
Types of Electrical Braking system
Regenerative Braking.
Plugging type braking.
Dynamic braking.
Breaking implementations at DC Motor and AC Motor
Design factors; Limitations; Modern trends; Electrical
Engineering Materials; Space factor; Choice of Specific
Electric and Magnetic loadings; Thermal Considerations;
Heat flow; Temperature rise; Insulating Materials; Properties;
Rating of Machines; Various Standard Specifications ;
A synchronous motor is electrically identical with an alternator or AC generator.
A given alternator ( or synchronous machine) can be used as a motor, when driven electrically.
Some characteristic features of a synchronous motor are as follows:
1. It runs either at synchronous speed or not at all i.e. while running it maintains a constant speed. The only way to change its speed is to vary the supply frequency (because NS=120f/P).
2. It is not inherently self-starting. It has to be run up to synchronous (or near synchronous) speed by some means, before it can be synchronized to the supply.
3. It is capable of being operated under a wide range of power factors, both lagging and leading. Hence, it can be used for power correction purposes, in addition to supplying torque to drive loads.
Breaking,Types of Electrical Braking system, Regenerative Braking, Plugging ...Waqas Afzal
Why Breaking?
Requirements for Braking
Types of Electrical Braking system
Regenerative Braking.
Plugging type braking.
Dynamic braking.
Breaking implementations at DC Motor and AC Motor
Design factors; Limitations; Modern trends; Electrical
Engineering Materials; Space factor; Choice of Specific
Electric and Magnetic loadings; Thermal Considerations;
Heat flow; Temperature rise; Insulating Materials; Properties;
Rating of Machines; Various Standard Specifications ;
In this paper the multicarrier pulse width modulation (MCPWM) with multi value DC voltage source multilevel inverter is presented. These MLI’s are suitable in high voltage & high power application due to their ability to synthesize waveforms with better harmonic spectrum. Seven level inverter is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The use of Photovoltaic Cell as a DC source for the multilevel Inverter is proposed here.
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A variable-frequency drive (VFD) or adjustable-frequency drive (AFD), variable-voltage/variable-frequency (VVVF) drive, variable speed drive (VSD), AC drive, micro drive or inverter drive is a type of adjustable-speed drive used in electro-mechanical drive systems to control AC motor speed and torque by varying motor input frequency and voltage.
Implementation of ac induction motor control using constant vhz principle and...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents the hardware implementation of V/f control of induction motor using sine wave PWM method. Because of its
simplicity, the V/F control also called as the scalar control, is the most widely used speed control method in the industrial
applications. In this method the ratio between stator voltage to frequency is maintained constant so that the stator flux is
maintained constant. As the stator flux is maintained constant, the torque developed by the motor depends only on the slip speed
and is independent of the supply frequency. Thus we can control the speed and torque of induction motor by simply controlling the
slip speed of induction motor. The complete control is achieved with the help of TMS320F28027 Development Board. One of the
basic requirements of this scheme is the PWM inverter. The gating signals are generated using sine wave PWM technique.
Implementation issues such as PWM signal generation, ramp control, v/f control, inverter design are discussed. The results are
discussed based on the various waveforms.
KeyWords: v/f control, Induction motor, PWM, and Scalar control
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
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Torque Ripple Minimization of a BLDC Motor Drive by Using Electronic Commutat...AI Publications
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Basic Presentation on Speed control of induction motorNileshBambhaniya2
This presentation prepared base on two research paper and electrical machine by NTPL IIT Madrash.
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
1. Prepared by:
Ashvani Kumar Shukla
Dy. Manager(C&I) BGR Energy
ME Modular, Electrical(I&C) 2015
Roll No-151503,NITTTR Chandigarh
1
Speed control of three phase induction motor
2. Introduction
Requirement of Speed control
Types of Methods to control the speed of Induction motor
Advantages & disadvantages
Industrial applications of AC drives
Conclusion
Research
2
Agenda
3. A three phase induction motor is basically a constant
speed motor .
It is widely used in industry due to low cost and
rugged construction .
The speed control of induction motor is done at the
cost of decrease in efficiency and low electrical power
factor.
3
4. Induction motor driving seal air fan for supercritical boiler at
Adani TPP Mundra , Gujrat.
4
5. Speed control means change the drive speed as desired
by the process to maintain different process
parameter at different load .
Energy Saving.
Speed control is a different concept from speed
regulation where there is natural change in speed due
change in load on the shaft.
Speed control is either done manually by the operator
or by means of some automatic control device.
Low speed starting requirement.
5
6. Stator voltage Control
Stator Frequency Control
Stator Current Control
V/F Control
Static rotor resistance control
MethodsofSpeedControlofInductionmotors
6
7. Synchronous speed Ns = 120 f
P
Slip = Ns-N
Ns
Torque =
Where E2 is the rotor emf
Ns is the synchronous speed
R2 is the rotor resistance
X2 is the rotor inductive reactance
7
8. Rotor resistance R2 is constant and if slip s is small then sX2 is so
small that it can be neglected. Therefore, T ∝ sE2
2 where E2 is rotor
induced emf and E2 ∝ V
And hence T ∝ V2, thus if supplied voltage is decreased, torque
decreases and hence the speed decreases.
This method is the easiest and cheapest, still rarely used because-
A large change in supply voltage is required for relatively small
change in speed.
Large change in supply voltage will result in large change in flux
density, hence disturbing the magnetic conditions of the motor.
8
10. Synchronous speed of induction motor Ns = 120 f
P
where, f = frequency of the supply and P = number of stator poles.
Thus, synchronous speed changes with change in supply frequency,
and thus running speed also changes.
This method is not widely used. This method is used where, only the
induction motor is supplied by a generator (so that frequency can be
easily change by changing the speed of prime mover).
10
11. By changing the frequency we can control the speed above and below
the rated speed.
It offers high range of speed control.
11
12. 12
Starting torque of IM Ts is proportional to square of stator current.
It is independent of supply frequency.
It is independent of rotor resistance.
13. A constant current for 3 phase IM can be obtained from 3 phase CSI .
Inductor convert the dc voltage as constant current source.
CSI regulate the output frequency and hence torque of induction
motor.
13
14.
15. Rectifier:
The rectifier in a VFD is used to convert incoming ac
power into direct current (dc) power.
DC bus:
DC output of rectifier flows through the dc link to inverter
input.
Inverter:
The “Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor” (IGBT) is a
common choice in modern VFDs.
The IGBT can switch on and off several thousand times per
second and precisely control the power delivered to the
motor.
The IGBT uses a method named “pulse width modulation”
(PWM) to simulate a current sine wave at the desired
frequency to the motor.
16. V/F = C
v is voltage and f is called frequency, c= constant
In sinusoidal pulse width modulation there are multiple
pulses per half-cycle and the width of the each pulse is
varied with respect to the sine wave magnitude
corresponding to that duration.
In V/f control we have to maintain the constant ratio of
voltage and frequency.
In order to achieve the constant ratio ,we have to fire the
(IGBT )in such way that the amplitude of output voltage
waveform in a cycle will maintain the v/f ratio according
the frequency change.
Waveforms are shown on next slide
16
20. A slip ring motor or a phase wound motor is an
induction motor which can be started with full line
voltage, applied across its stator terminals. The value
of starting current is adjusted by adding up external
resistance to its rotor circuit.
20
22. Advantages of ac drives
For the same rating, ac drives are lighter in weight as
compared to dc drive.
AC drive require low maintenance.
AC drives are less expensive.
Provides the most efficient means of motor speed control.
Reduces the thermal and mechanical stresses on the motor.
Provides low speed motor starting facility.
Saves more energy
22
23. Disadvantage of ac drives
Power converters for the control of ac motors are more complex.
Power converter for ac drives are more expensive.
Power converters for ac drives generate harmonics in the supply
system and load circuit.
23
24. Induction motors with squirrel cage rotors are the workhorse of
industry .
When Squirrel cage induction machine is operated directly from the
line voltages an Induction motor is operated at constant speed.
However in the industry we required to vary the speed of an
Induction motor. This can be done by Induction motor drive.
Fans, Compressor, Pumps, blowers, machine tools like lathe, drilling
machine, lifts, conveyer belts etc.
Industrial applications
24
27. In Case of Squirrel cage induction motor the slip cannot be
increase above certain limit, the operating speed range is very
less. By applying the V/F control we can get the large
operating range by keeping V/F ratio constant.
Research
The research of speed control for induction motor based on dynamic
recurrent neural network.
Speed Control of induction motor using predictive current control
and SVPWM.
27