A paper battery is an ultra-thin, flexible energy storage device created by combining carbon nanotubes with conventional paper. It functions as both a high-energy battery and super capacitor, providing both steady power and bursts of energy. The battery produces electricity through chemical reactions between electrolytes and carbon nanotubes embedded in the paper. Paper batteries could potentially power small electronics due to their low cost and lightweight, flexible nature. However, scaling them up and improving their strength and production efficiency remains challenging.

1. PAPER BATTERY
By
Nihal

2. What is a Paper Battery ?
∫ A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy storage and production
device formed by combining carbon nanotubes with a conventional sheet
of cellulose-based paper.
∫ A paper battery acts as both a high-energy battery and super
capacitor. This combination allows the battery to provide both long-
term, steady power production and burst of energy.
Cellulose paper
Nano Technology
Paper Battery
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3. Principle
 The battery produces electricity in the same way as the convectional
lithium –ion batteries, but all the components have been incorporated into
a lightweight, flexible sheet of paper
 The devices are formed by combining cellulose with an infusion of aligned
carbon nanotubes.
Paper Battery
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4. History
 In august 2007, a research team at RENSSELEAR POLYTECHNIC
INSTITUTE led by Dr. Robert Linhardt, john h. Broad Bent,
Pulickel M. Ajayan, Omkaram Nalamasu with a joint appointment in
material science and engineering developed the paper battery, also known
as Nano composite paper.
 In December 2009 yi cui and his team at Stanford university
successfully made an actual prototype that gave a terminal voltage of 1.5v
Paper Battery
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5. Structure of Paper Battery
+ve
Cathode
-ve
Anode
Separator
Paper Battery
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6. Components
 CARBON NANOTUBES:
 Carbon nanotube is the main concept behind paper
battery
 CNTs exhibit extraordinary strength and unique
electrical properties, and are efficient thermal
conductors.
 Paper Layer
Cellulose based paper
 LTO, LCO Electrolyte
 PVDF(poly vinylidene fluoride):
Paper is sandwiched between two electrolytes LTO
and LCO with PVDF(poly vinylidene fluoride)
acting as glue.
Paper Battery
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7. Construction
∆ Take a cellulose-based paper and apply black
carbon ink on it
∆ Spread this ink applied on the paper
∆ After spreading ink, laminate a thin film over the
cellulose surface
∆ Heat the cellulose paper for 5min at 80 degrees C
∆ Then, peel off the film from the substrate
∆ The electrodes of paper battery are formed by
film. The electrolytes LTO and LCO are
connected to different films
∆ The functioning of paper battery can be checked
by connecting battery terminals to the LED
Paper Battery
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8. Working
Convectional Battery Vs Paper Battery
 Convectional Battery produce electrons through a chemical
reaction between electrolyte and metal
 Chemical reaction in Paper Battery is between electrolyte and
carbon nano-tubes
 Electrons must flow from negative to positive terminal for the
chemical reaction
The paper electrode stores
charge while recharging in
10seconds because ions flow
through the thin electrode quickly.
Paper Battery
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9. Why to use Paper Battery?
◊ Ultra-thin size & flexible structure
◊ Exhibits property of super –capacitor
◊ Operating temperature(-75 to 100 degree Celsius)
◊ Provide both long-term, steady power production and burst of energy
◊ Cost-effective
◊ Integrates all of the battery components in a single structure, making it
more energy efficient.
◊ Can be made in a variety of sizes, from postage stamp to broadsheet.
Paper Battery
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10. Limitation
≈ Paper batteries have low strength they an be ‘torn’ easily.
≈ The techniques and the set-ups used in the production of Carbon
Nano tubes are very expensive and very less efficient.
Paper Battery
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11. Advantages
 Biodegradable, Non Toxic & Biocompatible
 Easily Reusable, Recyclable & Rechargeable
 Durable & Long lasting
 No Leakage & Overheating
 Very Light Weight & Flexible
 Easily moldable into desired shapes & sizes
 Customizable output voltage
 Used as both battery and capacitor.
 It is ultra thin energy storage device.
 Steady power production.
Paper Battery
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12. Disadvantage
└ Carbon Nano-tubes are very expensive due to use of procedures like
electrolysis and laser ablation.
└ Batteries with large enough power are unlikely to be cost effective
└ For a commercial viabilities, these batteries have to be scaled up to
sheets of newspaper size
└ Replacing the old batteries results wastage of old electronic goods
└ Prone to tearing.
└ Should not be inhaled, as they can damage lungs.
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13. Application
Ω The paper-like quality of the battery combined with the
structure of the nanotubes embedded within gives them their
light weight and low cost, making them attractive for portable
electronics, aircraft, automobiles, and toys.
Ω Low battery power devices like in calculators, wrist watch and
other low drain devices
Ω Laptop batteries, mobile phones, handheld digital cameras
Ω Wireless communication devices like Mouses, keyboard,
Bluetooth, Headphones, etc.
Paper Battery
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14. Paper battery offers future
power
٧ The black piece of paper can power a small light.
٧ Flexible paper batteries could meet the energy demands of the
next generation of gadgets
٧ The power ambition is to produce reams of paper that could one
day power a car
٧ The paper battery was a glimpse into the future of power storage
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15. Conclusion
The life of battery is an important parameter
which decides the area of application of battery.
These paper batteries can further reduce the
weight of the electronic gadgets.
The future may allow simply painting the
Nano-tube ink and active materials onto surfaces
such as walls.
High storage of energy leads to decrease
charging time. Thus energy can be saved.
Saving energy
Is the best way
To
Re-cycle the energy
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16. Paper Battery
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