1. A paper battery is made of a thin sheet of paper infused with carbon nanotubes that acts as electrodes. 2. It produces electricity through the interaction of lithium titanium oxide and lithium cobalt oxide electrolytes sandwiched between the paper electrodes. 3. Paper batteries could power small electronics and are flexible, lightweight, and cost-effective compared to lithium-ion batteries.

1. Shri Nagpur Gujarati Mandal’s
VMV COMMERCE, JMT ARTS & JJP SCIENCE COLLEGE
(Institute of Computer Studies and Research)
Wardhaman Nagar, Nagpur-08.

2. Introduction
Comparison with Li-ion Battery
Use of paper Battery
How to make
Structure of Battery
Working
Advantages
Disadvantages
Future Scope
Reference

3. A paper battery is a battery
engineered to use a paper-thin
sheet of cellulose infused with
aligned carbon nanotubes.
• In august 2007, a research
team at Rensselear polytechnic
Institute developed the paper
battery,
also known as nano composite
paper.

4.  During discharge and charging, lithium ions Li+
carry the current from the negative to the positive
electrode and vice-versa respectively, through the
non-aqueous electrolyte .
Generally Li-ion re-chargeable batteries are used in
mobiles, laptops and most of the electronic devices.
3 primary functional component of Li-ion battery are:
1. -ve electrode(graphite)
2. +ve electrode(cobalt oxide)
3.electrolyte( lithium salt in organic solvent)

5. • EXPENSIVE -- 40% more than NiCd.
• DELICATE -- battery temp must be
monitored from within (which raises the
price), and sealed particularly well.
• REGULATIONS -- when shipping Li-
Ion batteries in bulk (which also raises
the price).

6.  Ultra-thin size & flexible structure.
 Exhibits property of super-capacitor(22F-
36F per gram)
 Operating temperature(-75 to 100 degree
celsius)
 provide both long-term, steady power
production and bursts of energy.
 Cost-effective.

7.  Carbon nanotube is the main concept behind paper battery
 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs; also known as buckytubes)
are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure.
 CNTs exhibit extraordinary strength unique electrical properties,
and are efficient thermal conductors.
 Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family. The
diameter of a nanotube is on the order of a few nanometers .Their
name is derived from their long, hollow structure with the walls
formed by one-atom-thick sheets of carbon, called graphene.
 These sheets are rolled at specific and discrete angles, and the
combination of the rolling angle and radius decides the nanotube
properties

8. Graphene structure
Rolled at angle
CARBON NANOTUBE
Spinning Carbon Nanotube

9.  CNT thin films were coated onto stainless steel (SS)
substrates with a solution based process.
 The concentration of CNT is 1.7 mg/mL.
 A dried film with a thickness of 2 micrometer was
formed after drying the CNT ink on the SS substrate
at 80 °C for 5 min. This film is then peeled off from
substrate.
 These films act as electrodes of paper battery.
 one film is pasted to electrolyte LTO (Li4Ti5O12)
and the other film is pasted to electrolyte LCO
(LiCoO2).
 Paper is sandwiched between two electrolytes LTO
and LCO with PVDF(poly vinylidene fluoride) acting
as glue.

13. 2.Traditional Batteries produce electrons through a
chemical reaction between electrolyte and metal.
3.paper battery produces electrons due to the interaction of
electrolytes LTO & LCO.
4. Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery
and flow along a connected wire to the positive terminal
during discharging.
5. Electrons must flow from the negative to the positive
terminal for the chemical reaction to continue.
1.While a conventional battery contains a number of separate
components, the paper battery integrates all of the battery
components in a single structure, making it more energy efficient.

14. • The flexible battery can function even if it is rolled
up, folded or cut.
•We can get 2.5 volts of electricity from a sample the
size of a postage stamp.
• "If we stack 500 sheets together in a ream, that's
500 times the voltage. If we rip the paper in half we
cut power by 50%. So we can control the power and
voltage issue."
• Because the battery consists mainly of paper and
carbon, it could be used to power pacemakers within
the body where conventional batteries pose a toxic
threat.

15. CARBON NANOTUBES ARE VERY EXPENSIVE.
BATTERIES WITH LARGE ENOUGH POWER ARE
UNLIKELY TO BE COST EFFECTIVE.
FOR A COMMERCIAL VIABILITIS, THESE
BATTERIES HAVE TO BE SCALED UPTO SHEETS
OF NEWSPAPER SIZE.
REPLACING THE OLD BATTERIES RESULTS
WASTAGE OF OLD ELECTRONIC GOODS.
GENERATION OF E-WASTE.

17. The black piece of paper can power a small light.
 Flexible paper batteries could meet the energy
demands of the next generation of gadgets.
The ambition is to produce reams
of paper that could one day power
a car.
The paper battery was a glimpse into the future
of power storage.

18. • This energy storage device is cost-effective because the
device can be able to be used in the smallest and most
diversely designed electronics. Such as cell phones, mp3
players and medical equipment.
• The researchers say that it can also be used in automobiles
and aircraft. Lastly, the use of ionic liquid makes the device
environmentally friendly.