The document describes a paper battery, which is a flexible energy storage device created by combining carbon nanotubes with conventional paper. It functions as both a battery and supercapacitor. The paper battery uses carbon nanotubes and an electrolyte coated onto a cellulose-based paper substrate. During discharge, electrons are released from the anode and move through a load to the cathode. Potential applications include powering electronics, medical devices, and vehicles due to advantages like flexibility, biodegradability, and efficiency. However, commercial use may be limited until nanotube production costs decrease.

1. PAPER BATTERY
Presented by:
SOUMIT BOSE
3rd Semester
Instrumentation Science
Roll-04
Jadavpur University

2. INTRODUCTION
• In August 2007, a research team at Rensselear
polytechnic Institute developed the Paper battery,
which is known as nano composite paper.
• The creation of the paper battery drew from a
diverse pool of disciplines, requiring expertise in
materials science and chemistry.

3. What is Nanocomposite paper or
Paper battery?
• A Paper Battery is a flexible,
Ultra-thin Energy storage and
production device formed by
combining CARBON
NANOTUBE(CNTs) with a
conventional sheet of
CELLULOSE-BASED Paper.
• A Paper battery act as both a
High Energy Battery and Super
capacitor combining two
components that are separate in
traditional electronics.

4. MATERIALS AND DESCRIPTION
• This energy producing device
is based on two basics:
• CARBON NANOTUBES(CNTs)
• CELLULOSE
• Also an ionic liquid provide
the third component:
• ELECTROLYTE

5. WHAT IS CARBON NANOTUBE?
• Carbon nanotube is the main concept behind paper
battery.Carbon nanotubes (CNTs; also known as buckytubes)
are allotropes of carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure.
Allotropes are different structural modifications of an element
• CNTs exhibit extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties,
and are efficient thermal conductors.
• Nanotubes are members of the fullerene structural family. The
diameter of a nanotube is on the order of a few nanometres .

6. CARBON NANOTUBES CAN BE
CATEGORISED BY THEIR STRUCTURES
• SINGLE-WALL
• DOUBLE-WALL
• MULTI-WALL

7. CONSTRUCTION
• CNT thin films were coated onto stainless steel
(SS) substrates with a solution based process.
• The concentration of CNT is 1.7 mg/mL.
• A dried film with a thickness of 2 micrometer
was formed after drying the CNT ink on the SS
substrate at 80 °C for 5 min. This film is then
peeled off from substrate.
• These films act as electrodes of paper battery.
• One film is pasted to electrolyte LTO (Li4Ti5O12)
and the other film is pasted to electrolyte LCO
(LiCoO2).
• Paper is sandwiched between two electrolytes
LTO and LCO with PVDF(poly vinylidene fluoride)
acting as glue.

9. STRUCTURE

10. WORKING
• Conventional Batteries produce electrons
through a chemical reaction between
electrolyte and metal in the traditional battery.
• Chemical reaction in the paper battery is
between electrolyte and carbon nanotubes.
• During discharge process , when load is
connected across the two terminal of the paper
battery, then the anode of the paper battery
experiences oxidizing reaction and thus
electrons are released from it which move via
the load toward the cathode and the lithium
ions move from anode towards the cathode via
the cellulose based paper separator.
• During charging the reverse phenomenon takes
place.

11. ADVANTAGES OF PAPER
BATTERY
• It is FLEXIBLE and VERY LIGHT WEIGHT
• It offer HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH
• It is BIO-DEGRADABLE and BIO -
COMPATIBLE MATERIAL
• It provides LOW SHEAR STRESS.
• It is NON-TOXIC
• It has and MAGNIFICIENT ABSORPTION
CAPACITY and POROSITY
• It have HIGH PACKING DENSITY and LOW MASS
DENSITY

12. APPLICATIONS

13. 1. IN ELECTRONICS:
o It can be used in calculators, wrist watch , smart cards and other low drain devices.
o It can be used in wireless communication devices like speakers, mouse, keyboard ,Bluetooth
headsets etc.
o It can be used in Enhanced Printed Circuit Board(PCB)
2. IN MEDICAL SCIENCE:
o It can be used in Pacemakers for the heart
o It can be used in Artificial tissues (using Carbon nanotubes)
o It can be used in Cosmetics, Drug-delivery systems
o It can be used in Biosensors, such as Glucose meters, Sugar meters, etc.
3. IN AUTOMOBILES AND AIRCRAFTS:
o It can be used in Hybrid Car batteries
o It can be used in space craft and satellite due to their light weight .

14. DISADVANTAGES OF PAPER
BATTERY
• Carbon Nanotubes are expensive.
• Batteries with large power are unlikely to be cost
effective
• Have Low Shear strength: They can be torn
easily.

15. HOW PAPER BATTERIES ARE BETTER THAN
THEIR CONVENTIONAL COUNTERPARTS
• They are NONTOXIC as they do not involve HARMFUL CHEMICAL
REACTION.
• They are FLEXIBLE and can be folded or cut without any effect on
their efficiencies. This is because of the fact that they are made up
of materials like cellulose and carbon nanotube which have high
tensile strength.
• They can be used in harsh climate conditions like heat and cold
this is because the electrolyte does not involve water which makes
the battery operate in the range of -75 to 150 degree Celsius.
• They are disposable as they are made up of cellulose which is bio
degradable and thus reduces E-Waste.
• They utilize carbon nanotube, which are one of the most highly
efficient conductors of electricity.

16. PAPER BATTERY OFFERS
FUTURE POWER
• The flexible battery can function even if it is rolled up, folded or cut.
• We can get 1.5 volts of electricity from a sample the size of a postage
stamp.
• "If we stack 500 sheets together in a ream, that's 500 times the voltage.
If we rip the paper in half we cut power by 50%. So we can control the
power and voltage issue."
• Because the battery consists mainly of paper and carbon, it could be
used to power pacemakers within the body where conventional batteries
pose a toxic threat.
• The paper battery is a glimpse into the future of power storage.

17. CONCLUSION
Being Biodegradable, Light-weight and Nontoxic, flexible
paper batteries have potential adaptability to power the next
generation of electronics, medical devices and hybrid
vehicles, allowing for radical new designs and medical
technologies.
However, commercial applications may be a long way away,
because nanotubes are still relatively expensive to fabricate.
This device can be able to be used in the smallest and most
diversely designed electronics. Such as cell phones, mp3
players and medical equipment.