The document describes a paper battery, which is a flexible energy storage device formed by combining carbon nanotubes with paper. Paper batteries work on the same principles as lithium-ion batteries but incorporate all components into lightweight, flexible paper. They have advantages over conventional batteries like being biodegradable, reusable, and moldable. However, producing carbon nanotubes currently requires expensive processes. Potential applications include powering electronics, smart cards, and toys.

1. PAPER bAttERy
PREsEntEd by
k.Likhith vijAy sAi
143R1A0433

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Alkaline battery
 Li-ion battery
 Problems with conventional battery
 Paper battery
 What is a paper battery
 Principle
 Carbon Nano-tube
 Structure of paper battery.
 Advantages over conventional batteries.
 Limitations
 Applications.
 References
03/31/15

3. Introduction
 A Battery convert chemical energy into the
electrical energy.

4. Alkaline battery
 Alkaline battery is a type
of primary cell (non-
rechargeable).
 Nominal cell voltage of
1.5V.
 Construction , Last
longer , & Variable sizes.

5. Li-ion Battery
 Constructed using graphite
rod, Lithium cobalt oxide
as electrodes and lithium
hexafluorophosphate as
electrolyte.
 Nominal cell voltage of 3.6-
3.7V.
 High specific
power(300W/kg).

6. Problems with conventional batteries
 Lower specific power compared to fuels.
 Weight and size.
 High charging time.
 Environmental hazards.
 Explosion, corrosion, leakage.
 High cost.
 Terminal voltage constraints.

7. Paper battery

8. What is a paper battery????
 A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy
storage and production device formed by combining
carbon nanotubes with a conventional sheet of
cellulose-based paper.

9. Principle
 The battery produces electricity in the same
way as the conventional lithium-ion batteries,
but all the components have been incorporated
into a lightweight, flexible sheet of paper.
 The devices are formed by combining cellulose
with an infusion of aligned carbon nanotubes.

10. CARBON NANOTUBE
 Carbon nanotubes are
allotropes of carbon with a
cylindrical nanostructure.
 They exhibit extraordinary
strength and unique
electrical properties, and
are efficient thermal
conductors.
 Nanotubes are members
of the fullerene structural
family, the diameter of a
nanotube is on the order
of a few nanometers

11. Spinning Carbon Nanotube
Graphene structure
Armchair (n , n) i.e. m=n
Carbon nanotube
Chiral (n , m)

12. Fabrication
The materials required for the preparation of paper
battery are:
Copier paper and Carbon nano ink
Carbon nano ink which is black in color is a solution
of nano rods, surface adhesive agent and ionic salt
solutions. Carbon nano ink is spread on one side of
the paper.
The paper is kept in the oven at 150 degree Celsius.
This evaporates the water content on the paper.
A thin lithium film is laminated over the exposed
cellulose surface which completes our paper
battery.

13. STRUCTURE OF PAPER BATTERY

14. MICROSCOPIC VIEW OF LAYERS

15. WORKING OF PAPER BATTERY
1.Batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction between electrolyte and
metal in the traditional battery.
2. Chemical reaction in the paper battery is between electrolyte and carbon nanotubes.
3. Electrons collect on the negative terminal of the battery and flow along a connected
wire to the positive terminal
4. Electrons must flow from the negative to the positive terminal for the chemical
reaction to continue

16. Advantages over conventional
batteries
 Biodegradable, Non Toxic & Biocompatible.
 Easily Reusable & Recyclable.
 Durable & Rechargeable.
 Very light weight & flexible.
 Easily moldable into desired shapes & sizes.
 Customizable output voltage.

17. Limitations
Have Low Shear strength
The Techniques and the Set-ups used in the
production of Carbon Nanotubes are very
expensive and very less efficient. These are:
(i) Arc discharge
(ii) Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
(iii) Laser Ablation
(iv) Electrolysis

18. APPLICATIONS
 Pace makers in heart
(uses blood as
electrolyte)
 Used as alternate to
conventional batteries
in gadgets
 Powered smart cards
RF id tags
 Smart toys, children
sound books

19. Do you Know ??
 Paper batteries recharge themselves from the
moisture in the air.

20. Paper battery offers future power
 The black piece of paper can power a small
light.
 Flexible paper batteries could meet the energy
demands of the next generation of gadgets.
 The ambition is to produce reams of paper that
could one day power a car.
 The paper battery was a glimpse into the future
of power storage.

21. http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm
http://everything2.com/e2node/Lithium%2520ion
%2520battery
http://www.batteryuniversity.com
http://newsservice.stanford.edu/news/2008/january9/
nanowire-010908.html
http://www.nano.gov/html/research/industry.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller
http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=5210.php
Links for References