This document discusses nanopharmacology and nanomedicine. It begins with definitions of nanoscience and how nanopharmacology studies drug interactions at the nanoscale level. The goals of nanopharmacology include improved drug delivery and targeting to increase safety and efficacy. Nanomedicine applies nanotechnology for medical treatment and diagnosis using nanoparticles, nanodevices, and nanorobots. Some applications highlighted include cancer treatment, contrast agents for MRI, nervous system tracking, drug dispersion, and artificial antibodies. Overall, the document outlines how nanotechnology at the molecular level can transform medical procedures to make them faster and more accurate.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how nanotechnology for drug deliver is becoming economically feasible.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how nanotechnology for drug deliver is becoming economically feasible.
Detailed idea on nanotechnology, nanomedicine, types, uses, pharmacotherapy, and future prospects of the nanotechnology. Drug delivery systems, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the nanoparticles are dealt in detail
Nanoparticles are particles between 1 and 100 nanometres in size with a surrounding interfacial layer. The interfacial layer is an integral part of nanoscale matter, fundamentally affecting all of its properties. The interfacial layer typically consists of ions, inorganic and organic molecules.
Nanotechnology and its Application in Cancer TreatmentHasnat Tariq
Nanotechnology
Nanomaterials
Nanostructures
Nanoparticles
Unexpected Optical Properties of Nanoparticles
Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment
Role of Sulfur NPs in Cancer Treatment
Human Tumour Cell Lines Used in Research
Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)
Sulfur Nanoparticles Preparation
MTT Assay
Sulphorhodamine-B (SRB) Assay
Median lethal dose (LD 50)
Experimental design
FT-IR Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
SEM Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
EDS Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
XRD Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
Chemical Studies on Sulfur Nanoparticles In Vitro
Biochemical investigations
Conclusion
Applications of Nanoparticles in cancer treatment
Nanoshells
Nano X-Ray therapy
Drug Delivery by Nanoparticles
Nanomaterials in biomedical applicationsumeet sharma
An introduction to emerging technology in medicinal science, "nanodrugs" a fruitful combination of nano-science and medical science. In this presentation, use of nano shells for delivery of drugs to targeted cancer cells has been explained. along with In Vivo and In Vitro studies on use of nanomaterials for biomedical application. For any information please feel free to contact me or refer to the references.
Detailed idea on nanotechnology, nanomedicine, types, uses, pharmacotherapy, and future prospects of the nanotechnology. Drug delivery systems, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the nanoparticles are dealt in detail
Nanoparticles are particles between 1 and 100 nanometres in size with a surrounding interfacial layer. The interfacial layer is an integral part of nanoscale matter, fundamentally affecting all of its properties. The interfacial layer typically consists of ions, inorganic and organic molecules.
Nanotechnology and its Application in Cancer TreatmentHasnat Tariq
Nanotechnology
Nanomaterials
Nanostructures
Nanoparticles
Unexpected Optical Properties of Nanoparticles
Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment
Role of Sulfur NPs in Cancer Treatment
Human Tumour Cell Lines Used in Research
Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)
Sulfur Nanoparticles Preparation
MTT Assay
Sulphorhodamine-B (SRB) Assay
Median lethal dose (LD 50)
Experimental design
FT-IR Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
SEM Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
EDS Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
XRD Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles
Chemical Studies on Sulfur Nanoparticles In Vitro
Biochemical investigations
Conclusion
Applications of Nanoparticles in cancer treatment
Nanoshells
Nano X-Ray therapy
Drug Delivery by Nanoparticles
Nanomaterials in biomedical applicationsumeet sharma
An introduction to emerging technology in medicinal science, "nanodrugs" a fruitful combination of nano-science and medical science. In this presentation, use of nano shells for delivery of drugs to targeted cancer cells has been explained. along with In Vivo and In Vitro studies on use of nanomaterials for biomedical application. For any information please feel free to contact me or refer to the references.
Nanobiotechnological applications in dna therapySenthil Natesan
Gene therapy is a form of molecular medicine that has the potential to influence significantly human health in this 21st century. It promises to provide new treatments for a large number of inherited and acquired diseases (Verma and Weitzman, 2005). The basic concept of gene therapy is simple which includes introduction of a piece of genetic material into target cells that will result in either a cure for the disease or a slowdown in the progression of the disease. To achieve this goal, gene therapy requires technologies capable of gene transfer into a wide variety of cells, tissues, and organs. A key factor in the success of gene therapy is the development of delivery systems that are capable of efficient gene transfer in a variety of tissues, without causing any associated pathogenic effects. Vectors based upon many different viral systems, including retroviruses, lentiviruses, adenoviruses, and adeno-associated viruses, currently offer the best choice for efficient gene delivery.
Nanotechnology: Basic introduction to the nanotechnology.Sathya Sujani
This simple presentation will help you to understand the every aspects of nanotechnology including basic definition and it's practical application in a very simple yet precise manner.
Basic research in homoeopathy and ultra high dilution Department of Agricultu...DrAnkit Srivastav
Basic research in homoeopathy and ultra high dilution Department of Agricultural Science, University of Bologna, Italy Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Italy
A General Overview of Nano Medicine-Efficacy in Therapeutic Science and Curre...Berklin
Nanotechnology’s introduction has dramatically improved a number of scientific fields, one of which is medicinal research. Nanomedicine is aimed to offer healthcare medications and chemicals a new dimension. The small size of nanoparticles, permits them to circulate in the body without interrupting oxygenation and escape filtration by both the renal and gastrointestinal networks. These are the few properties that distinguish them apart from traditional therapeutic procedures. The increased permeability and durability effect result in successful penetration inside the tumor tissues, providing cancer treatment a new lease on life. Efficient transportation pathways, on the other hand, produce genotoxicity and mutagenicity by interacting with genes that are essential for smooth functioning. As the specific interactions of nanomedicines with biological systems are still unknown, comprehending nanomedicines' toxicological effects is tough. The lack of regulatory direction in this field remains a research gap that we would want to examine in this study.
A General Overview of Nano Medicine-Efficacy in Therapeutic Science and Curre...ceijjournals
Nanotechnology’s introduction has dramatically improved a number of scientific fields, one of which is
medicinal research. Nanomedicine is aimed to offer healthcare medications and chemicals a new
dimension. The small size of nanoparticles, permits them to circulate in the body without interrupting
oxygenation and escape filtration by both the renal and gastrointestinal networks. These are the few
properties that distinguish them apart from traditional therapeutic procedures. The increased permeability
and durability effect result in successful penetration inside the tumor tissues, providing cancer treatment a
new lease on life. Efficient transportation pathways, on the other hand, produce genotoxicity and
mutagenicity by interacting with genes that are essential for smooth functioning. As the specific
interactions of nanomedicines with biological systems are still unknown, comprehending nanomedicines'
toxicological effects is tough. The lack of regulatory direction in this field remains a research gap that we
would want to examine in this study.
In this include
brain targeted drug delivery
we can see that in a brain there are a barrier it is known as blood brain barrier. so how we can cross those barrier is a important discussion for us to target the drug in brain.
Targeted Drug Delivery System Using NanoparticlesSelf
Targeted drug delivery, also known as smart drug delivery, is a method of treatment that involves the increase in medicament in one or few body parts in comparison to others.
This Slideshare states the use of nanotechnology in the pharmaceutical field. How nanotechnology can be useful in the pharma field. Polymer plays an important role in the pharma field.
Nanosponges: A novel approach for topical drug delivery systemMahewash Sana Pathan
A Nanosponge is a novel and emerging technology which offers targeted & controlled drug delivery for topical as well as oral use. Nanosponges are based on nano, polymer-based spheres that can suspend or entrap a wide variety of substances and then be incorporated into a formulated product such as a gel, lotions, cream, ointments, liquid or powder. This technology offers entrapment of ingredients and thus reduced side effects, improved stability, increases elegance and enhanced formulation flexibility. Nanosponge is the part of advance drug delivery. It is a specific aiding system for targeted drug delivery of both kind of drugs either it is lipophilic or hydrophilic in a controlled manner. These have three dimensional networks or scaffold which is filled with drug and porous insoluble nanoparticles with a crystalline or amorphous structure and have spherical shape or swelling properties.
Nanogels are particles composed of physically or chemically cross linked polymer networks that expand in an appropriate solvent. Nanogels are hydrophilic three dimensional networks. Due to their relatively high drug encapsulation ability, consistency, tunable size, effortless preparation, negligible toxicity, and stability in the presence of serum, including stimuli responsiveness, these studies integrate characteristics for topical drug delivery. These are soluble in water and permit immediate drug loading in aqueous media. These are created using a vast array of methods, including photolithographic technique, membrane emulsification, and polymerization methods. Due to the entrapment of nanoparticles in the gel matrix, nanogels used as dermatological preparations have prolonged exposure times on the skin, thereby extending the duration of therapeutic efficacy. B. Karthikeyan | G. Alagumanivasagam "A Review on Nanogels" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57514.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/pharmacy/other/57514/a-review-on-nanogels/b-karthikeyan
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
1. Nanopharmacology
and
Nanomedicine
Dr. Basavaraj K. Nanjwade M. Pharm., Ph. D.
Director and Professor
KLE College of Pharmacy,
NIPANI-591 237, Karnataka, India.
E-mail: nanjwadebk@gmail.com
Cell No: 0091 9742431000
1Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013
3. Nanoscience
• Nanoscale has different definitions in different
scientific fields such as 1-100 nanometers in
physics and chemistry, 0.1-100 nm in some early
monograghs and 1-1000 nm in biomedicine
literatures.
• The bottom up assemble with atoms one by one
• 100 nm (or below) particles at bone marrow,
• 100-200 nm particles at reticular epithelial
systems.
3Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013
4. Nanopharmacology
• Nanopharmacology, a new branch of
pharmacology is gradually emerging with the
application of nanoscience and nanotechnology
in the field of nanomedicine.
• The interactions between traditional drugs and
physiological systems at nanoscle level.
4Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013
5. Nanopharmacology
Drug design and drug delivery to
selected targets to improve
pharmacodynamics and kinetic profiles
toward safer and effective treatment is
known as nanopharmacology.
5Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013
6. Categorized Nanopharmacology
• Defining targets
• Development of drugs and carrier systems
• Studying target–drug interactions
• Monitoring the target–drug interaction
outcomes
6Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013
10. Studying target–drug
interactions
15 February 2013 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 10
Usually, the binding sites of macromolecules are more
hydrophobic in nature than the surface, and so this enhances the
effect of an ionic interaction.
The drop off in ionic bonding strength with separation is less than
in other intermolecular interactions, so if an ionic interaction is
possible, it is likely to be the most important initial interaction as
the drug enters the binding site.
12. Monitoring the target–drug
interaction outcomes
1) Loss of therapeutic effect
2) Toxicity
3) Unexpected increase in pharmacological
activity
4) Beneficial effects e.g additive & potentiating
(intended) or antagonism (unintended).
5) Chemical or physical interaction
e.g I.V incompatibility in fluid or syringes
mixture
15 February 2013 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 12
13. Nanopharmacology features
1. Using nanoscale tools, such as scanning probe
microscopy.
2. Studying particulate drugs, especially the
nanoparticulate drugs.
3. Studying the influences of the nanoparticulate
properties of nano drug carriers on the therapeutic
effects of drugs that they carry.
4. Nanopharmacology theories will provide instructions
for the bottom up assemble of nanodrugs with atoms
one by one.
13Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013
14. Nanopharmacology Target
• Slow release nanopharmacology
• Controlled release nanopharmacology
• Bio barrier penetration nanopharmacology
14Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013
15. Slow release nanopharmacology
• The slow-release nanopharmacology studies
the question on how to realize the slow release
and the influences of slow release on the drug
metabolisms and the therapeutic effects.
15 February 2013 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 15
17. Controlled release
nanopharmacology
• The controlled-release nanopharmacology
studies how to realize the smart release of the
drugs according to the therapeutic needs in
the cellular and tissue microenvironments.
15 February 2013 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 17
18. Bio barrier penetration
nanopharmacology
• Bio-barrier-penetration nanopharmacology
studies the capabilities of nanodrugs to passing
through bio-barriers.
• Blood-brain barrier
• Air-blood barrier
• To realize the treatment of some focal diseases
where the traditional drugs can’t arrive because
their incapability of penetrate biobarriers.
15 February 2013 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 18
19. Transport of molecules across the BBB
19Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013
21. The perfect drug!
Reality
• All drugs have side effects but new drugs aim to
provide beneficial effects with minimal side effects
How is this achieved?
1. Identify new molecules
2. Modify structure of know molecules
• Test in biological tissue or whole body
21Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013
22. Nanotechnology – based drug
delivery Systems
15 February 2013 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 22
24. Definition of Nanomedicine
• Nanomedicine is the one of the most valuable medical
application of nanotechnology as the name specifies
naomedicine involves the use of nano particles in the
surgical and medical treatement of pateints.
OR
• We can say nanomedicine is the nanotechnology
application which is used for engineering or binding
molecular or atomic machines for the treatment of
diseases in living organisms.
24Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013
25. Nanomedicine
– Nanomedicine is nanotechnology used for
the treatment, diagnosis, monitoring and
control of biological systems
– Nanomedicine includes the delivery and
targeting of pharmaceutical, therapeutic,
and diagnostic agents using nanoparticles
to cancer and other cells
– Nanomedicine includes nanomaterial for
bone, cartilage, vascular, bladder and
neural applications
15 February 2013 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 25
26. Background
• Nanomedicine is the monitoring, repair,
construction, and control of human biological
systems at the molecular level using
engineered nanodevices and nanostructures.
• Nanomedicine, including nanodiagnostics,
nanotherapeutics, and the development of
nanomedical devices.
26Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013
27. How nanomedicine works?
• Nanomedicine works at a molecular or
atomic scale.
• The most advanced form of nanomedicine uses
the nanorobots and nanoinstruments as
surgeons.
• Nanomedicine repair damaged cells or get into
the cells and replace or assist damaged
intracellular structures at individual stage.
27Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013
28. Goals of Nanomedicine
15 February 2013 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 28
• End goal of nanomedicine is improved diagnostics, treatment and
prevention of disease
29. Goals of Nanomedicine
15 February 2013 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 29
• Ultimate goal is to integrate detection, diagnostics, treatment and
prevention of disease into a personalized single platform
30. Recent and future
breakthroughs in medicine
15 February 2013 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 30
• Nanotechnology holds key to a number of recent and future
breakthroughs in medicine
31. Cancer Treatments
15 February 2013 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 31
• Because of their small size,
nanoparticles can pass through
interstitial spaces between necrotic
and quiescent cells.
• Tumor cells typically have larger
interstitial spaces than healthy cells
• Particles collect in center bringing
therapeutics to kill the tumor from
inside out.
32. Nanoparticles as Sensors and
Therapeutics
15 February 2013 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 32
• Glutathione (GSH) provides a selective and tunable release
mechanism
• Once inside cells, fluorophores and drugs selectively dissociate
33. Nanoparticle Success
15 February 2013 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 33
• Both cationic and anionic particles penetrate and accumulate
in tumors.
• However, only cationic particles diffuse fully throughout the
tumor.
34. Types of contrast agents used
for MRI
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35. Contrast agents used for MRI
35Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013
36. Advantages and applications
• Diagnosis using nanomedicine
• Nervous system tracking
• Drugs dispersion
• Artificial antibodies.
• One of the biggest advantage of
naonoemdicne is that it can transform
common medical procedures into faster
one with 90 percent accuracy rate.
36Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum.15 February 2013
37. Diagnosis using nanomedicine
• Diagnostic nano-apparatus could be attached
to keep check of the internal chemistry of the
body.
• Mobile nanorobots, with wireless transmitters,
could easily circulate in the blood and lymph
systems and send out alerts when chemical
imbalances appear within the blood.
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38. Drugs and contrast agents
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39. Detection of Cancer
15 February 2013 Suvarna JNMC National Seminar, Belgaum. 39
Breast Cancer Cells Healthy Cells
• On the left, cancer cells fluorescence.
• On the right, healthy cells show minimal fluorescence.
40. Nervous system tracking
• Nanomedicine has also helped doctors to
better understand the phenomenal changes in
the human nervous systems.
• Fixed nanomachines could be inserted in the
nervous system of the human body to monitor
pulse rate, brain activity, and other important
functions.
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41. Drugs dispersion
• Live saving drugs are one of the important
ingredients in the latest medicines but its
unusual and excess usage could cause death.
• Nanomedicine also has successful applications for
the reduction of extra drugs from human body.
• Implantation of nanomedicine devices could
disperse drugs or hormones as required in people
with chronic imbalance or deficiency states.
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43. Artificial antibodies
• Nanomedicine was the first to conceptualize the
artificial red and white blood cells and later on it
successfully showed the positive results.
• Cancer patients are now treated by injecting
artificial red blood cells to balance the human
body blood level.
• Artificial antibodies, white & red blood cells and
antiviral nanorobots could be considered as
successful applications of nanomedicine.
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44. Nanorobots
• Imagine going to the doctor to get treatment for
a persistent fever.
• Instead of giving a pill or a shot, the doctor
refers you to a special medical team which
implants a tiny robot into your bloodstream.
• The robot detects the cause of your fever, travels
to the appropriate system and provides a dose of
medication directly to the infected area.
• To treat everything from hemophilia to cancer.
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45. Nanorobots
• A viable nanorobot has to be small enough to
navigate through the human circulatory
system, an incredibly complex network of
veins and arteries.
• The nanorobot must also have the capacity to
carry medication or miniature tools.
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47. Advantages of Nanoscale
devices in Medicine
• Devices smaller than 50 nm can easily
enter most cells
• Devices smaller than 20 nm can transit
out of blood vessels
• Devices are capable of holding
thousands of small molecules
• Contrast Agents
• Drugs
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48. Major Areas of Development
of Nanomedicine
• Prevention and control
• Early detection
• Imaging diagnostics
• Multifunctional Therapeutics
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